Mbalame 160 "White Swan" - bomba loponyera mabomba

Mbiri yakale iyenera kuphunzitsa utsogoleri wa usilikali wa US kuti polojekiti iliyonse, yokwera mtengo komanso yodabwitsa kwambiri yokonzedwa kuti ikanikakamize USSR, ndipo kenako Russian Federation, imayambitsa chikhumbo chopanga njira yotsutsana kapena kupereka yankho laling'ono. Chitsanzo ndi Tu-160, "White Swan", malo okonzekera opita ku mabomba a missile.

Tu-160 ndi yankho kwa B-1

Kuyambira pakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri ku United States anayamba kuyesa zozizwitsa zamakono. Rock-B firm 1 ndipo imatulutsa makina odabwitsa, ndegeyi inamangidwa motsatira zofunikira zonse zamakono zamakono zamakono apamwamba. Mapiko osiyanasiyana a geometry, supersonic (2.2 maha), matani 34 a katundu wolimbana, denga loposa mamita 18,000, zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti azitha kunyamula miyeso 24 yawombola yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 10,000. Ngati zikutanthauza kuti izi sizingakwanire, mukhoza kutulutsa ena asanu ndi atatu kunja. Pulojekitiyi inalengezedwa ndi maiko a ku America, nthumwi yoyendetsa ndegeyi inali kudzapangitsa dziko kukhala losokonezeka komanso losadandaula, koma choyamba makamaka dziko la mdani wamkulu, nzika za USSR ndi utsogoleri wa ndale wa Soviet. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma makumi asanu ndi awiri, mpikisano wa nkhondo unakula . Panali ziopsezo zatsopano zatsopano:

- Bomba la neutron limene limapha moyo wonse pang'onopang'ono kuphulika;

- maulendo oyendetsa ndege akuwombera pansi ndipo sangapezeke ku Soviet radar;

- chonyamulira chatsopano cha njira zotchulidwa pamwambazi B-1.

M'magazini ambiri, onse akunja ndi Soviet, deta ya American "Lancer" ndi chithunzi chake zinafalitsidwa. "160 Swan White" mu 1981 inayamba kupanga ndege yoyamba, koma panthawiyi palibe amene anauzidwa za izo ndipo palibe zithunzi zomwe zinasindikizidwa m'magazini.

Parameters ya "Swan"

Ndege ziwiri zili zofanana, Tupolevs adatenga ndondomeko ya America yovomerezeka ngati maziko. Ma injini anayi amphamvu, omwe amachititsa kuti phokoso likhale lopitirira mpaka 100,000 kgf, liri pansi pa phiko kumbali zonse za fuselage. Koma kufanana kwakunja sikulepheretsa kupanga Tu-160 kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri. White Swan, chithandizira chamakono, akhoza kunyamula matani 45 okakamiza kumenyana, denga lake ndi mamita 21,000, ndipo kuthawa kwake kuli pafupifupi makilomita 14,000 popanda kupuma. Mofanana ndi B-1, ogwira ntchitoyi ali ndi anthu 4, ndipo kuyambira nthawi yomwe galimoto imatha kukhala mlengalenga kwa masiku osapitirira tsiku, zonsezi zimapangidwira, kuphatikizapo malo ogona, galley ndi zina. Ndege ya "White Swan" ya Tu-160 yokhayo siyikudziŵika, koma dzina lozoloŵera silinalandire kokha chifukwa cha mpikisano wokwanira wamagetsi, komanso chifukwa cha mtundu wowonetsera mazira a dzuwa kuti asapitirire kutentha kwambiri.

Mmene mungadulire "Swans"

Mu 1991, Soviet Union inasokonezeka, yomwe inakhudza mbali zambiri za moyo wamtendere wa anthu akale omwe anali Soviet. Mwachidziwitso, chochitika ichi chinakhudza mphamvu zotetezera za mayiko, omwe kale anapanga dziko limodzi. "White swans" Tu-160 inagawidwa "magulu" awiri, kugawo la Ukraine kunali gulu la 194 la ndege, lomwe linali ndi zonyamulira 19 zamagetsi. Kwa zaka zingapo iwo analibe ntchito, ndipo mu 1998 anayamba kudulidwa pamaso pa a senema a ku America omwe ankakondwera kuyankhula pa chochitika ichi. Zifukwa zazikulu za chigamulo cha utsogoleri wa Chiyukireniya anali awiri. Choyamba, panalibe ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kusunga zipangizo zamakono zamakono komanso zopambana. Chachiŵiri, Ukraine, ndi chiphunzitso chake cha usilikali , sinafunikire Swan Swan 160. Kugwiritsira ntchito zida zankhondo kunasokonezeka kwambiri, chiwonongeko chomwecho chinali kuyembekezera kuyambitsa silo ndi zinthu zina zachishango cha USSR. Ndege khumi ndi ziwiri za ndege zowonongeka komanso zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi zinatha kudutsa.

Masewera adasanduka "White swans"

Chifukwa chomwecho cha imfa ya zigawo khumi za zipangizo zamakono za Soviet zomwe zinapangidwa bwino kwambiri, zikuoneka kuti ndizopulumutsa magalimoto otsalawo. Iwo anasandulika kukhala mafuta, omwe Ukraine analibe cholipira. Kwa ngongole yokwana madola 285 miliyoni, magulu mazana asanu ndi limodzi oyenda pamtunda, asanu ndi atatu "Tu-95 Bears" ndi asanu ndi atatu "White Swan" a 160 omwe anali otsala. Kukonzekera mwakhama kwa katswiriyu walandira malo atsopano okhazikika. Iwo anakhala mzinda wa Engels, wakale wa Pokrovsk, womwe uli pafupi ndi Volga ku Saratov. Imodzi mwa ndegeyi inatsalira ku Ukraine monga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Pogwira "mbalame" zawo, asilikali a ku Russia adawalamula mwanjira yamalonda. Makina ali ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri, amayamba nyengo zamakono ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amayendetsa ndege zambiri (monga momwe zinalili mu 2008 ku Venezuela). Pafupifupi onse a iwo, monga maulendo oyenda panyanja, kupatula manambala a ndege, mayina awo kulemekeza anthu otchuka, monga Ermolov, Nikolai Kuznetsov, Valery Chkalov ndi ena. Ena mwa iwo ndi "Ilya Muromets", ndi woyambitsa ndege wamkulu Andrey Tupolev.