Maieutics - izo ... maieutics nthanthi

Katswiri wa nzeru kwambiri Socrates anatulukira njira yapadera zokambirana otchedwa maieutics. Izi ndi njira zothandiza kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yathu. Ndipotu pafupifupi njira yokhayo kutsimikizira Goliyati chammbuyo. Pankhaniyi, interlocutor akhoza mochenjera inamupanikiza ndi mawu ake. ndi chofunikira ndi wapadera njira imeneyi? Tiyeni tiyese kuzilingalira izo.

Socrates ndi moyo wake

Pa moyo wa Socrates Osati kwambiri amadziwika Koma mudziwe kuti wafika ife kwa zaka zambiri, ndi chidwi kwambiri.

Socrates - ndi ku Atene nzeru zapamwamba, anabadwa mu 469 BC. e. Ndi thupi lake amalembedwa kukhota otchedwa nthanthi - pokambirana za chikhalidwe cha kuganizira anthu.

Ndi nkhani ya moyo ndi tsoka la nzeru zapamwamba, ena a zaumulungu patristic nthawi anasolola analogies pakati Socrates ndi Yesu. Amadziwika kuti poyamba anali mwana wa ziboliboli ndi. Mu akula, anakwatira Xanthippe - grumpy kwambiri mkazi, dzina mwinanso kukhala dzina banja.

"Ine kokha mukudziwa kuti ine sindikudziwa kanthu, koma ena sakudziwa nkomwe izo." Mwina aliyense anamva mawu amenewa, amene, monga ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira, limabweretsa Socrates. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi iye ankakhala.

Amadziwika kuti nzeru zapamwamba sanali kusiya mzere umodzi. maganizo ndi zikhulupiriro za anthu ake zodziwika kokha kwa ophunzira ake analemba - Xenophon ndi Plato. Socrates ankakhulupirira kuti kulemba maganizo ake imafoola kukumbukira anthu. Ndi choonadi cha ophunzira ake woganiza iye mwachidule ntchito mwaluso ndi kukambirana limagwirizana. Zinali nkhani ndi dialogues analenga njira yake, lomwe pano pansi pa dzina la maieutics. Izi angatchedwe chopereka chachikulu nthanthi lingaliro.

Iyambe Socrates ndi imfa ya nzeru zapamwamba za

Mu 399 BC, pa tchire lalikulu wochitira Mulungu mwano ndi kuipitsa achinyamata. Pa Inde sitimayo Socrates tikuphunzira chiyani ntchito za Plato ndi Xenophon. Wafilosofi anakana kupereka chindapusa, komanso anzathu maganizo tigwire iye kundende.

Socrates anali kwenikweni wolakwa? Malinga ndi olemba mbiri amakono, a University Cambridge, iye anali. Pa nthawi, zochita za nzeru zapamwamba eccentric akhozadi wachinsinsi monga oletsedwa.

Chifukwa, woganiza anali chilango cha imfa, ndipo iye anatenga ululu yekha. The ndondomeko ya imfa ya Socrates mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la Plato chomwecho. Chimene icho pomudyetsanso poizoni tchire osadziwika. Malinga ndi ganizo loperekedwa, iwo anali mabanga hemlock.

Socrates chakufika kukhala kapolo wa nzeru zake. Komabe, maganizo ake tikukhala lero, kuphatikizapo njira moyo wapadera wa maieutics. Tiyeni kuyesetsa kumvetsa mwatsatanetsatane icho chiri, kodi makhalidwe ake.

The njira Socratic

Maieutics - ndi "luso la mzamba," monga anaitana izo Socrates yekha. Inu akhoza anapeza tanthauzo monga "Socratic Izitu n'zovutitsa" kapena "Socratic kukambirana."

Maieutics nthanthi - Ndipotu, njira kukhazikitsa mfundo ya "Kudziwa wekha." Ndi njira imeneyi mdani ndi kudziwa zolakwa zake osati, iye amakhala mpikisano wa chidziwitso. "Pali kanthu wamphamvu kuposa kudziwa" - choncho anati Socrates ...

Mu Greek, maieutics - ndi "Mzamba luso." Akamanena za njira imeneyi kwagona kuti poonetsa zokayikitsa mwapadera-cholinga mafunso kubweretsa interlocutor kumvetsa boma lenileni la zochitika. Choncho, mdani iye abwera choonadi, ndipo mwakachetechete anamukankha kwa izo.

Maieutics Socrates - ndi wamkulu komanso woyamba ndi luso mafunso kulemba kukambirana. Wafilosofi ankakhulupiriranso kuti zinthu zoona angabwere kokha kupyolera kudziletsa chidziwitso cha munthu wina. Ndipo amafunika ndondomeko kuyeretsedwa ikuchitika pofunsa mafunso okhudza akamanena za ichi kapena icho chodabwitsa.

Maieutics Socrates - chida mu kutsutsana aluntha

Katswiri wa nzeru kwambiri panokha njira ina kuti sanataye kufunika kwake kwa tsiku lino. Palibe amene adzakane kuti kukambirana nkhani, mtsutso zaphindu ndi chida chofunika chopezera zinthu zatsopano ndi kumvetsa msinkhu wawo kulephera.

Ambiri, Socrates mu moyo wake ndipo kenako yekha anachita zimene mafunso. Iye ankakonda kulankhula kwa munthu wamwano, mmene iye, akodwa mu mafunso lachinyengo yomweyo wopanda sanasiye onse ndi chidaliro.

Tikumbukenso kuti kukambirana pa "funso mayankho" anali mwakhama ntchito, ndi afilosofi ena, makamaka - ndi sophists. Komabe, iwo ndi mkangano woterowo akungofuna mapeto palokha. Koma Socrates Sankakamba verbiage, iye ankakhulupirira kuti kukambirana aliyense ayenera kuyambitsa cholinga chapadera. Mu zokambirana iye anayesa kuti apeze mayankho a mafunso ofunikawa aliko: "Kodi zabwino zoipa?", "Chilungamo ndi chiyani?" ndi m. p.

Zitsanzo maieutics Socrates

Socrates anali lokopa kwambiri, nditaona ndi oopsa mnzake. Kawirikawiri nkhani iye kunamizira kukhala zilizonse simpleton, kutikopa Goliyati mu maukonde wonyenga.

Anasunga mbiri ya kucheza ndi ena tchire Menon. Kuyamba ndi iwowa, Socrates anafunsa za momwe ntchito yake. Osati osadziŵa tsenga aliyense abwino chikhalidwe Menon ayamba kuphunzitsa nzeru za anthu. Posachedwapa Komabe, chifukwa cha mafunso pamwamba molondola, gwero kalekale anataya. Socrates, nayenso, akupitiriza amanyoza pa wovulalayo zilizonse.

Pamene mdani watha ake azidzidalira, iye anali wokonzeka kuti kufufuza olowa choonadi. Akufuna wina, Socrates yekha kufufuza nkhani ya kucheza chifukwa sankaona yekha wodziwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake iye anatcha luso lake "anamwino", chifukwa ngati kukambirana ndi choonadi wabadwa.

mfundo lalifupi

Choncho, maieutics nthanthi - ndi luso mafunso. Socrates ankakhulupiriranso kuti "sadziwa - zikutanthauza kuti adziwe chimene icho chiri." Kapena kuti chilungamo, muyenera kumvetsa bwino chimene chilungamo chili, ndi kufotokozera izo ndi tanthauzo chokwanira. Choncho, Socrates anali woyamba kuuka kwa mlingo wa kudziwa mfundo.

nkhani pamaso pathu njira maieutics sanataye kufunika kwake ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri pambuyo chidali chifuniro chake. Ndipo lero mukhoza kukumana amisiri amene muzigwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kuchita.