Makhalidwe osalankhula

Aliyense wa ife amagwiritsa ntchito mawu omveka ndi osalankhula poyankhulana. Timapereka uthenga osati kudzera m'mawu, komanso kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane machitidwe ndi machitidwe osalongosola. Mudzaphunzira zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuyankhulana komanso kulandira malangizo othandiza.

Makhalidwe Abwino

Makhalidwe amodzi amatanthauza kuyankhulana ndi mawu. Kuyambira ali mwana, timaphunzitsidwa kufotokozera malingaliro awo mwachidziwitso, choncho munthu wamkulu nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi vuto ndi mawu awo. Kulankhulidwa kwa kulankhula ndi kulongosola kumapezedwa ndi chidziwitso. Komabe, 7 peresenti ya zomwe timanena zimawonetsedwa ndi ena kudzera mu tanthauzo lomwe lili m'mawu. Zonsezi ndi kupyolera mwa mawu osalankhula ndi mawu. Mukulankhulana kwa bizinesi, mwachilendo, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsera, osati kulankhula. Tsoka ilo, ambiri a ife taphunzira kukhala tcheru ndi zomwe interlocutor akunena.

Kumvetsera kumverera ndi zochitika kumamvetsera uthenga wonse. Pochita zimenezi, munthu amachititsa kuti chidziwitso chomwe amadza nacho chidziwike. Kuonjezera apo, ndi izi amasonyeza kuti amalemekeza uthenga wotumizidwa kwa wokamba nkhani.

Malamulo oyankhulana bwino, okonzedwa ndi Keith Davis

Pulofesa Keith Davis adasankha malamulo khumi awa kuti amve bwino.

1. N'zosatheka kuzindikira zomwe mumalankhula mukamayankhula, choncho musaleke kuyankhula.
2. Thandizani mnzako kuti amasulidwe. Ndikofunika kupanga kuti munthuyo amve ufulu, ndiko kupanga malo osadziwika.
3. Wokamba nkhani ayenera kusonyeza kufuna kwako kumvetsera. Muyenera kuchita ndi kuyang'ana chidwi. Kumvetsera kwa ena, yesani kumvetsetsa, ndi kuti musayang'ane zifukwa zotsutsa.
4. Nthawi zokwiyitsa ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Peŵani kugwiritsira patebulo, kujambula, mapepala osuntha panthawi yolumikizana. Mwinamwake ndi chitseko chotseka chitseko chidzawonedwe bwinoko?
5. Wokamba nkhani ayenera kumvetsetsa. Kuti muchite izi, yesani kudziyesa nokha pamalo ake.
6. Khalani oleza mtima. Osasokoneza interlocutor, musasunge nthawi.
7. Pewani khalidwelo. Ngati munthu ali wokwiya, amapereka tanthauzo lolakwika m'mawu ake.
8. Musalole kutsutsidwa ndi kutsutsana. Izi zimamukakamiza munthu amene akunena kuti ateteze malo. Angakhalenso wokwiya kapena wotonthozedwa. Palibe chifukwa chotsutsana. Ndipotu, mumataya ngati mutapambana mpikisano.
9. Funsani mafunso a interlocutor. Izi zimamukondweretsa ndikumuwonetsa kuti akumvetsera.
10. Ndipo, potsiriza, lekani kuyankhula. Malangizo awa amapita koyamba ndi otsiriza, popeza ena onse amadalira pa izo.

Kuwonjezera pa kuthekera kumvetsera mwatcheru kwa womulankhulana naye, pali njira zina zowonjezera luso loyankhulana. Asanayambe kutengapo malingaliro, m'pofunika kuwunikira, ndiko kuti, muyenera kufufuza bwinobwino ndi kulingalira mafunso, malingaliro kapena mavuto omwe mukukonzekera kulumikizana nawo. Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa bwino ntchito yanu kapena m'moyo wanu, ndikofunikira kuti muganizire zosiyana za mgwirizanowu. Ochita kafukufuku akunena kuti, pamodzi ndi kulankhulana mawu (mawu), munthu ayenera kuganizira mawu osalankhula omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito.

Chilankhulo chopanda pake

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti lingaliro limeneli silikutanthauza kokha kayendetsedwe ka khalidwe, kuthekera kutanthauzira nkhope ndi manja a mnzanuyo, komanso chigawo cha gawo la munthu, chikhalidwe chake cha maganizo. Kuwonjezera apo, lingaliro limeneli likuphatikizapo makhalidwe a dziko la khalidwe loyankhulana, malingaliro awo pamagulu olankhulana, kuthekera kwa ogwirizana kuti azindikire phindu la kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira monga ndudu, magalasi, milomo, ambulera, magalasi, ndi zina zotero.

Makhalidwe osakonda

Kuganizira za kuyankhulana, tikuganizira makamaka chinenero. Komabe, ndi mbali imodzi yokha yolankhulirana, ndipo mwina osati yaikulu mwa njira monga kuyankhulana. Kawirikawiri khalidwe losalankhula limakhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri polankhulirana malingaliro athu, malingaliro, zikhumbo ndi zikhumbo kwa anthu oyandikana nawo. Njira zoterezi zimatchulidwa osati mawu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawu kapena ziganizo sizigwiritsidwe ntchito mwa iwo. Kulankhulana, kumaganizidwa mozama, sikungowonjezereka.

Makina olankhulana osalankhulana

Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Choyamba ndi khalidwe losalankhula, ndipo chachiwiri ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimagwirizana.

Khalidwe "losalankhula" limaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya makhalidwe (kupatula kutchula mawu) zomwe zimachitika panthawi yolankhulirana. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuwonetsa nkhope ;
• Makhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha thupi;
• Kusuntha kwa manja ndi mapazi;
• Kutalika, liwu la mawu ndi zina mwa zizindikiro za mawu, chiwonetsero ndi kupuma, kulankhula mofulumira;
• Kukhudza;
• Kutalikirana mu kulankhulana;
• Onaninso, komanso kuona.

Motero, khalidwe losalankhula ndilo lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudziwonetsera nokha ndi zomwe zikukhudzana ndi mawonetseredwe obisika komanso osadziwika bwino.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga osalankhulidwa, amatha kufotokozera zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ndi magwero a uthenga omwe sungapezeke mwachindunji kuchokera ku khalidwe. Zosangalatsa kuti kulankhulana kwachinsinsi kumakhudzidwa ndi zovuta monga kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa zovala, nthawi, zomangamanga kumene timagwira ntchito ndi kukhala, zowonetsera zokongoletsera zomwe zimatiwonetsera ife maonekedwe athu. Zonsezi zimafotokozedwa ngati njira yolankhulirana yobisika . Nthaŵi zosavuta zoterezi mukulankhulana zimapereka chidziwitso kwa womulankhulana pamodzi ndi khalidwe losalankhula ndi chinenero. Kulankhulana momveka bwino komanso kosagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pamalingaliro a ife munthu kumakhala umodzi umodzi.

Khalidwe lachilendo ndi nkhani yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri m'maganizo. Komabe, nthawi zina sizili zovuta kukumbukira ndikuziganizira mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. M'munsimu muli ena mwa machitidwe osalankhula, kuthekera kutanthauzira zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kulankhulana bwino.

Zizindikiro ndi zovuta

Kusuntha kwa thupi ndi manja kumapereka zambiri zokhudza munthuyo. Makamaka, amasonyeza momwe munthu amamvera mumtima mwake komanso momwe thupi lake limakhalira. Amalola wolumikizanayo kuti aweruzire mtundu wa chikhalidwe chimene munthu ali nacho, momwe amachitira zomwe ali nazo (zolimba kapena zofooka, zowopsa kapena zoyendetsa, pang'onopang'ono kapena mwamsanga). Kuphatikiza apo, kayendetsedwe ka thupi ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana amasonyeza makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, mlingo wokhala ndi chidaliro mwa munthuyo, kutengera kapena kusamala, kumasuka kapena kutsekeredwa. Mkhalidwe waumwini wa munthuyo umasonyezanso mwa iwo.

Mawu ngati "kuwongolera mapewa" kapena "kuima pa hafu" sizongolongosola chabe zochitika. Amadziŵa kuti ali ndi maganizo otani. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti manja ndi maonekedwe ndizo zomwe sizinthu za munthu, zomwe zikhalidwe zomwe amatsatira ndizoonekera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu wakula, sangalankhulane, ngati womulankhulana ndi mkazi ndipo waima. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito mosasamala momwe munthu amadziwira ulemu wa mkazi uyu.

Zizindikiro, zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi thupi, ndi zofunika kwambiri pamsonkhano woyamba, chifukwa mbali zina za umunthu wa interlocutor sizimawoneka pomwepo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukupeza ntchito, muyenera kukhazikika pomwe mukukambirana. Mwa ichi mudzasonyeza chidwi chanu. Komanso m'pofunika kuyang'ana interlocutor maso, koma osati mwaukali.

Monga malo amwano a thupi amalingaliridwa motere: munthu ali ndi vuto, ali wokonzeka kuyenda. Thupi la munthu wotero limaperekedwa patsogolo, ngati kuti akukonzekera kuponyera. Izi zikuwoneka kuti zikusonyeza kuti nkhanza zimatha.

Manja amathandiza kwambiri kulankhulana. Kusamala, mutha kugwedeza dzanja lanu mwachidwi. Mukhoza kupanga chizindikiro chokhumudwitsa, kupotoza dzanja lanu pakachisi. Kuombera kumatanthawuza kuyamika kapena moni. Mmodzi kapena awiri akuwomba manja ndi njira yokopa chidwi. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti kukwapula kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kukopa chidwi cha milungu muzipembedzo zingapo zachikunja (asanapereke nsembe kapena pemphero). Kwenikweni, kuwomba kwamakono kwamakono kunachokera kumeneko. Zida zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi kupatsiridwa mwa kukwapula m'manja mwanu ndizowona kwambiri. Izi ndi zomveka, chifukwa chochita ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zochepa zomwe zimapereka mawu, komanso mokweza.

Mimicry

Mimicry ndi umunthu wosalankhula, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito nkhope ya munthu. Timatha kusiyanitsa ndi kutanthauzira kayendedwe ka minofu ya nkhope. Ntchito zojambulidwa zimakhala ndi maonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe a nkhope zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, timakweza nsidze ndikudabwa, mantha, mkwiyo kapena moni. Zimadziwika kuti Aristotle anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa physiognomy.

Mimicry mu nyama ndi anthu achikulire

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti osati mwa anthu okha, komanso pamatenda apamwamba, mawonekedwe a nkhope amakhalapo ngati khalidwe losalankhulirana. Ziphuphu zamapamwamba, ngakhale ziri zofanana ndi anthu, koma nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzira zina. Makamaka, grin, yomwe anthu amakhoza kutenga ndi kumwetulira, amaopseza anyaniwo. Nyama imatulutsa nsonga zake kuti ziwononge mabala ake. Zinyama zambiri (mimbulu, tigulu, agalu, ndi zina zotero) zimachita chimodzimodzi.

Mwa njira, chizindikiro ichi choopsya, mwachiwonekere, kamodzi chinali chodziwika kwa munthu. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kudandaula kwa anthu ambiri achikulire si kumwetulira kokha, komanso chizindikiro cha mkwiyo kapena kuopseza. Kwazirombo za anthu izi zikugwiritsabe ntchito ngati zida zankhondo. Mwa njira, mu chikhalidwe cha lero pali kukumbukira tanthauzo la grimace: Pali mawu akuti "kuwonetsa mano", tanthauzo lake ndi "kusonyeza kuwopsa kapena kukana."

Zizindikiro zotumizidwa ndi maso

Zizindikiro zotumizidwa ndi maso, nazonso, zikugwirizana ndi maonekedwe a nkhope. Amadziwika kuti akazi amawombera maso awo, amawaphimba. Mungathe kunena "inde", kumenyera ma eyelashes. Kuwonetsetsa, kuyang'ana molunjika m'maso mwa interlocutor kumaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha munthu waufulu ndi wamphamvu. Maganizo awa ali ndi mizu yake. M'madera achikulire, komanso mu nyama, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, ma Gorilla amavutika ndi anthu oyandikana nawo, koma munthu sayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mtsogoleriyo, popeza kuti otsogolera adzaona kuti izi ndizotsutsana ndi utsogoleri wake. Pali nthawi pamene cameraman anagwidwa ndi gorilla wamwamuna, chifukwa nyamayo inkaganiza kuti kuwala kwa kamera kamakhala kovuta, kuyang'anitsitsa maso. Ndipo lero mmalo mwathu khalidwe losalankhula limanenedwa molimba mtima. Zimadziwika kuti ngati anthu sadzidzika okha, ali wamanyazi, amachotsa maso awo.

Kulankhulana kwachinsinsi

Izi zimaphatikizapo kulumikiza, kugwira, ndi zina zotero. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterezi kuwonetsera chikhalidwe, chiyanjano, komanso chiyanjano pakati pa oyankhulana. Ubale pakati pa anthu apafupi umasonyezedwa mu stroking, embrace, kisses. Ubale pakati pa abwenzi nthawi zambiri umaphatikizapo pats pamapewa, kugwirana. Achinyamata, monga ana a nyama, nthawi zina amawatsanzira. Kotero iwo akulimbana ndi utsogoleri mu mawonekedwe a masewera. Ubale wofanana pakati pa anyamata umasonyezedwa pakukankhira, kupweteka kapena kugwa.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro zomwe zimatulutsa njira zosankhulirana (kugwira, kuika patsogolo, nkhope, ndi zina zotero) sizodziwika ngati mawu omwe timanena. Nthawi zambiri amamasuliridwa poganizira zochitikazo, ndiko kuti, zikhalidwe zomwe zimapezeka.

Zovala ngati njira yolankhulirana

Pogonana pakati pa anthu, njira zina zosankhulirana zimadziwika. Mwachitsanzo, zimaphatikizapo zibangili ndi zovala. Tiyerekeze kuti, ngati wogwira ntchito akugwira ntchito mwanzeru, tikhoza kuganiza ndi chizindikiro ichi kuti lero ali ndi tsiku lobadwa kapena adzakhala ndi msonkhano wofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zovala monga njira yolankhulirana nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndale. Mwachitsanzo, kapu ya Luzhkov, yemwe kale anali mtsogoleri wa Moscow, adanena kuti iye ndiye meya wa anthu, meya ndi "wogwira ntchito mwakhama".

Choncho, khalidwe losalankhula la umunthu mu psychology lingaganizidwe mzinthu zambiri. Chodabwitsa ichi n'chochidwi osati kwa asayansi okha, komanso kwa anthu wamba. Nzosadabwitsa, chifukwa chizolowezi cha khalidwe losalankhula, monga chikhalidwe cha kulankhula, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Kukwanitsa kutanthauzira molondola mawu ndi manja kumathandiza kwa aliyense. Kumvetsetsa bwino tanthauzo la mawu / mawu osalankhulidwa a anthu kumathandiza kulankhulana bwino.