Makhnovshchina - ndi anarchism kapena kuba?

Makhnovshchina - gulu pa Civil nkhondo, malingaliro amene anali mbali ya anarchism. Dzinali likuchokera ku dzina la mtsogoleri wa n'ngopandukira wa - Nestor Makhno. Mu mbiri ya Civil nkhondo, chithunzi cha Nestor Makhno unatenga malo apadera, izi ngwazi lanthano, ndi mabuku ovomerezeka ndi zikuchepa zoipa chithunzi cha mdaniyo, adventurer ndale, ndi bandit. njira izi imani kutsutsa, kusowa mozama kokwanira, akuluakulu zopelekedwa zifukwa zogomeka. Adalenga fano cholakwika ndi imodzi osati munthu koma zochitika moyo chikhalidwe, monga Makhnovshchina pa Civil nkhondo.

Pamene gululi anabadwa Nestor Makhno?

anayambira tinganene kuti ngati 1918. Makhnovshchina pa Civil nkhondo anali makamaka chithunzi chikhalidwe. Asilikali motsogozedwa Makhno ankapita kum'mwera Katerinoslavshchina wamba amene ankachita nawo mbali pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu Soviet ku Ukraine mu zoyambirira za 1919. Inali nthawi imeneyi ntchito yawo ndi amene amatchulidwa mu buku lino. Ndiye njira Makhnovists ndi Red Army anayamba mogwirizana zina ndi zina. Ngakhale izi, opandukawo achita mbali yofunika kwambiri kugonjetsedwa kwa Denikin, Wrangel kenako.

Nestor Makhno - ndi luso lolinganiza

Nkhondo yolimbana ndi adani a utasintha, Nestor Makhno anadzionetsa lolinganiza luso ndi choyambirira mkulu zigawenga. Motsogozedwa wake, pa mphindi ena ogwirizana zikwizikwi wamba.

Pa mtima kusiyana pakati pa Makhnovists ndi boma la Soviet anagona kukana wamba malamulo a "nkhondo chikominisi", komanso maganizo osiyana a Bolsheviks ndi n'ngopandukira pa udindo wa boma pomanga lamadyerero. Pambuyo kumayambiriro ndondomeko yatsopano chuma ambiri osauka kumanzere Makhno asilikali. Makhnovshchina - gulu kuti anayamba kukhala ndi khalidwe n'zovuta ndale. Mwachionekere, mfundo imeneyi ndipo anapanga Makhno, amene anali kumenyedwa zonse za Red Army, kusiya zina kumenyana mu August 1921 kuwoloka malire ndi Romania.

Zotsatira pa Nestor Mahno anarchistic kayendedwe

Kumatikumbutsabe maganizo ake amapezeka mu Makhnovshchina. Kupita wakhala ngati "brainchild" wa Nestor Makhno. Zigawenga zambiri amatchedwa china chirichonse monga "bambo."

mutu wopandukayu amanyadira ndi zambiri ankapereka kwa mapepala onse.

Pakutha 1918 Nestor Makhno anakwanitsa adzalumikizana pansi pa lamulo lake ambiri a magulu wopandukayo kugwira ntchito mu dera. Kumapeto kwa 1918, Nestor Makhno, pamodzi ndi asilikali Soviet anachita opareshoni kufika kulanda Ekaterinoslav, koma bwino sunakhalitse. mzinda anali pochitika awiri.

Nestor Makhno ndi boma Soviet

Mu February 1919, mgwirizano pa kulowa kwa asilikali ake anali yolembedwa ndi ndodo Nestora Mahno mu wofiira Zadneprovski Division monga 3 Brigade Zadneprovski. Makhnovshchina - gulu chosiyanitsa kulimbamtima mu nkhondo ndi asilikali a Entente ndi woyera m'chaka cha 1919. Iwo lalandidwa Mariupol. Koma pakati pa zigawenga ndi Bolsheviks panali kusamvana lakuthwa nkhani maganizo. Makhno sanathe kuzindikira mfundo za ulamuliro wa a proletariat ndi "nkhondo chikominisi", makamaka ubweya ndi socialization ulimi. amatsutsana akhala kukula ndi makamaka mphamvu m'chaka cha 1919, zinachititsa atamunamizira mwagwirizana ndipo anakhala chopunthwitsa timakhala pambuyo Trotsky anayambitsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi "olimbanawo" kutsogolo Chiyukireniya.

Ntchito ya gulu anarchist mu kugonjetsedwa kwa A.Denikin asilikali

Mu August 1919, Nestor Makhno analengeza chilengedwe cha woukira boma zigawenga zambiri asilikali a Ukraine. Khama lake lolunjika makamaka polimbana Denikin, amene pa nthawi panatenga ambiri Ukraine, ndipo anatsogolera amanyansidwa bwino pa Moscow. Mu September Makhno adalowa mgwirizano yochepa ndi Republic Ankhondo Chiyukireniya Anthu pa kanthu olowa ndi Denikin. Mu nkhondo ya Peregonovka pafupi Uman Makhnovists anathyola maalumali zokoma kapitawo woyera, ndiye anaukira mofulumira kumbuyo kwa woyera kumwera kwa Ukraine, ndiye mu chaka cha 1919 pafupifupi mwathunthu yosalongosoka iwo. Makhno nthawi iyi analanda mzinda wa Aleksandrovsk, Berdyansk, zambiri, Nikopol, Mariupol, Melitopol. Zimenezi yofunika zedi amakakamizidwa General A. Denikin ngofunika apakavalo mayunitsi amachotsedwa Bolshevik kutsogolo ndi kuwaponya anthu opandukawo. Izi, zatithandiza wofiira kuletsa pasadakhale Anton Denikin, ndi kutembenukira mafunde mu mtima mwawo. Koma nthawi iyi zonse kunachitika mgwirizano ndi wofiira Makhno analephera.

Kamodzi Denikin ngozi wakhala kuthetsa, Red Army ku January 1920 anatsogolera nkhondo ya kuwononga Makhnovist. M'chaka cha 1920 anapanga otsiriza 3 anaukira Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine, ambiri, kuswa 1400 mailosi. Mu kugwa kwa 1920 nsonga reused Makhno mu nkhondo ndi asilikali a General Wrangel. Makhnovist apakavalo anaukira mu kumbuyo kwa woyera, nawo Kuoloka kwa Sivash ndi Perekop wovulala chitetezo ndi Yushuni. Chikadzangotha adani a Crimea wofiira mobisa okhwima linakhazikitsa ntchito yatsopano opandukawo.

Makhnovshchina, chaka cha chilengedwe chimene angatchedwe mu 1918, yathandiza zochita za zochitika za Civil Nkhondo m'dera la Ukraine.