Mapulaniwo - ndi chiyani ichi? Tsinde la mbewu: kapangidwe, ntchito

Kuthawa - gawo mlengalenga wa mbewu iliyonse. Amakhala ofananira gawo ndi - tsinde, ndi mbali - la chipepalacho. dongosolo kuti zimayambira amagwira ntchito za thupi danga n'kukawatula zinthu. Kodi maonekedwe a dongosolo alola thupi ili kuonetsetsa viability wa mbewu?

Kodi tsinde?

Tsinde - ndi wothawa olamulira, mbali chapakati ndi chachikulu. Mu ndondomeko ya kusanduka, iye anatuluka ngati chinthu cha anatengera zomera malo lapansi. Chifukwa cha kubwera kwa makina minofu chomera zamoyo anatha adzaikidwa mu malo molunjikitsa. Dongosolo anayamba wa zimakhala conductive zinachititsa kuti ndondomeko chiphaso mosalekeza madzi nthaka ndi organic kuchokera ku ziwalo photosynthesizing.

ntchito tsinde

Koma tsinde - si thupi lokha, amene ali mafupa ofananira zomera ndi amapereka akukwera ndi kutsikira panopa zofunika zakudya. Mwachitsanzo, zomera apamwamba spore, horsetails, ndi chlorophyll. cacti A kwambiri kumawonjezera kukula ndi kasungidwe madzi. The ndondomeko ya dzuwa komanso amachita chiwindi ngati masamba a zomera lidzasinthidwa singano kutaya zochepa chinyezi.

Ulendo uliwonse tsinde anakonza masamba komanso masamba. Awa ndi akuluakulu m'tsogolo, amene ali wakhanda. Iwo vegetative ndi zobereka. Woyamba zinagwira chomera vegetative ziwalo - masamba ndi mphukira. Yotsirizira amapanga ndi zobereka limba mbalizo, amene amathandiza kubereka, - duwa.

Kapangidwe tsinde kunja

Pa tsinde ndi apoyera n'zosavuta kuona mayikidwe a masamba kapena mabala a iwo anasiya. Iwo akutchedwa mfundo. A mtunda wa pakati pawo - internodes. Tsinde ndi lamina kupanga ngodya - tsamba axils. Iwo anakonza axillary (lateral) impso. Chifukwa nthambi kuthawa. Kukula msinkhu kupereka masamba osachiritsika a mbewu.

Mu chikhalidwe, kawirikawiri kusinthidwa ya tsinde la. Iwo ali yemweyo zinthu structural, koma zowoneka amaoneka mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pomwepo kenaka ya peppermint ali internodes mwachilungamo elongated ndi pansi, wautali akuzisunga chomera yotheka.

kapangidwe mkati

ntchito tsinde chifukwa cha maonekedwe a matabwa ake mkati. Kunja thupi selo chivundikiro nsalu chivundikiro. Iwo akhoza kukhala (peel) kapena akufa (Nkhata Bay). Iwo kuteteza nkhani za tsinde zisaonongeke makina.

Peel alipo zomera wamng'ono, amene zaka alibe upambana chaka chimodzi. Lili dongosolo wapadera - ndi stomata, imene mpweya kuwombola amapezeka.

Kenako, minofu amoyo m'malo mwa Mipikisano wosanjikiza chubu, ndi stomata - tokhala ang'onoang'ono lenticels lapansi. Ndi kukula kwa zomera ndi kumawonjezera wochindikala. Imakhala ntchito aluso zoteteza, kuyambira maselo ake akufa kanthu, kokha mpweya chili mwa iwo. A mwamphamvu chotsatira mzake, kulenga chotchinga kwambiri ku chokhwima zinthu zachilengedwe woopsawo tizilombo fumbi. kwambiri transpiration.

Wosanjikiza lotsatira ndi kotekisi. Amakhala ndi maselo sieve ndi anzake selo kuti kupereka kayendedwe ndi kusunga zipangizo. Mu wosanjikiza yomweyo bast ulusi - minofu zinthu mwamwambo, kupanga tsinde yolimba. Ndi chifukwa iwo pa nthawi ya amphamvu makungwa mphepo mtengo kukhalabe sanamuvulaze.

Chotsatira ndi mbali yophunzitsa minofu tsinde - cambium, imene tsinde umakhala makulidwe, nthawizina kufika kukula ndithu. Makamaka adamulowetsa ntchito zawo m'chaka ndi chilimwe.

Mbali yaikulu ya tsinde amatenga nkhuni. zinthu conductive la mbali kusamutsidwa zinthu, makina - kupereka mphamvu, pamene waukulu - kusunga zinthu zofunika. wosanjikiza Izi ndi lonse, wakuda ndi lofunika kwambiri ntchito anthu mu ntchito yake malonda.

Pakati ndi pakati, lalikulu ndi kumasura maselo amene amachita ntchito ya kuwonjezera apo.

zosiyanasiyana

Fomu mphukira olamulira ndi udindo wake mu mlengalenga zikhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana. zomera ambiri zimayambira chilili. Kufika kwa dzuwa kulola bwino anayamba makina minofu ndi mizu, amene wagwira molimba mbewu m'nthaka. zimayambira izi zikhoza lignificated kapena busa.

Zokwawa ndi zimayambira tigwiritsitse kulola eni mofulumira kukhala magawo atsopano, chimakankhira zomera zina. Ali zimasintha wapadera kwa kafalitsidwe vegetative, mwachitsanzo, sitiroberi masharubu. Koma Ivy ndi pritsepok wapadera akhoza kukula ngakhale padziko ofukula ndi miyala. Hopbine lazungulira thandizo lililonse, lophunzira malo abwino dzuwa.

Mawonekedwe a mitundu tsinde la zomera zingasiyane. Kotero, iye anamaliza mbewu, pamene sedge wa - triangular. Oimira ambulera banja ndi dzungu ndi tsinde dzenje.

mbiya ndi chiyani?

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana moyo wa zomera: udzu, zitsamba ndi mitengo. Yotsirizira yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa bwino anayamba tsinde. Nacho magawano selo maphunziro mbali nsalu - cambium - patsogolo kwa thickening a mphukira ndi mapangidwe olamulira a mbiya.

maselo cambium kugawanitsa chaka, n'kupanga wosanjikiza wina makulidwe - mphete pachaka. chiwerengero chawo angathe kudziwa m'badwo wa mbewu.

Top ambiri

Pa zithunzi pansipa - zimayambira za mtengo waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse - ndi redwoods. Thunthu nthumwi ya dziko chomera kufika msinkhu wa 80 mamita.

Sequoia General Sherman ndi kuleza ankakhala. Moti mbari - pafupi zaka 2500.

Ambiri mwa ogulitsa onse madzi thunthu malambe m'mayiko. Mtengo umenewu ndi lalikulu kwambiri mu dziko chifukwa circumference thunthu. Koma maluwa tsinde ali ndi kutalika kwa 0.5 mm, kukhala laling'ono.

zosintha

Malinga ndi zimene zimagwira ntchito zimagwiridwa ndi tsinde, zikhoza kupeza zinthu zatsopano za dongosolo, chimene chinapanga kusinthidwa ya tsinde la. Zikuphatikizapo mbatata tuber. Amakhala ndi tsinde unakhuthala ndi masamba vegetative, ndipo amatchedwa maso. Mwa njira, ndi tubers si mobisa yekha, monga mbatata zatchulidwazi ndi Yerusalemu atitchoku - Yerusalemu atitchoku. Kabichi kohlrabi mitundu tuber pamwamba wolemera mu mchere wofunika.

tsinde zosintha ndi udzu tirigu, Cape jamu ndi kakombo wa mzigwa. Iwo akutchedwa rhizomes. Pa interstices awo yaitali ndi zoyamba za masamba ndi masamba umene kukhala mizu adventitious ndi mphukira wa masamba obiriwira.

Mapulaniwo - komanso ndi adyo mababu, maluwa ndi tulips. Iwo mosabisa ndi chimanga chosakhwima tsinde otchedwa Donets. The mizu ya zomera ndi fibrous, ankaimira ndi mtanda wa mizu adventitious. Impso ili collum kukhala masamba. Iwo akhoza kukhala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Choncho, anyezi yowutsa mudyo ndipo masamba minofu kuteteza youma ndi membranous. Ndipo m'mikhalidwe yabwino wa aimpso kukula achinyamata mphukira wobiriwira.

Kuwasintha ndi kutumikira kwa vegetative kafalitsidwe zomera. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi masharubu sitiroberi. Ting'onoting'ono ta wa nkhaka kuthandiza chomera amagwiritsitsa thandizo, kulola kuti atenge malo ambiri zaphindu danga poyerekezera ndi dzuwa.

Chodzitetezera ndi minga minga, peyala zakutchire, barberry ndi hawthorn. Mitengo imeneyi ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha zipatso yowutsa mudyo ndi mitundu yowala, amene zimakonda kudya nyama zambiri. spines lakuthwa salola kutero, ndipo zipatso ndi zipse pa nthambi.

Tsinde - thupi zofunika zomera. Munthu amazigwiritsa ntchito zachuma, matabwa manufactures katundu wa m'nyumba. zosintha zambiri angapewe kudya, ntchito kafalitsidwe vegetative, kupereka viability wamkulu wa zomera zambiri.