Mapuloteni biosynthesis - monga izo zimachitika?

Mapuloteni biosynthesis amapezeka ziwalo zonse, zimakhala ndi maselo. Kuchuluka yaikulu ya mapuloteni apanga mu chiwindi. Ribosomes kunyamula mapuloteni biosynthesis. Mankhwala, ribosomes - nucleoproteins wapangidwa RNA (50-65%) ndi mapuloteni (35-50%). asidi Ribonucleic ndi zigawo za granular endoplasmic reticulum, kumene gulu kumachitika biosynthesis ndipo apanga zedi.

Ribosomes amapezeka mkati mwa selo mu mawonekedwe a masango mayunitsi 3 100 - polysomes (polyribosomes). Ribosomes zambiri cholukanalukana achilendo ulusi kuonekera mu elekitironi maso - ndi RNA.

Aliyense ribosome Odin lithe polypeptide awo unyolo, gulu - angapo ngati unyolo ndi zedi.

Masitepe mapuloteni biosynthesis

Kutsegula wa amino zidulo. Mu hyaloplasm kwa madzimadzi interstitial chifukwa cha mayamwidwe, osmosis kapena zoyendera yogwira kwa amino ndi zidulo analandira. Mtundu uliwonse wa kwa amino ndi imino enzyme interacts ndi munthu - aminoatsilsintetazoy. Zochita adamulowetsa mankhwala enaake a cations, manganese, cobalt. Pali adamulowetsa kwa amino acid.

Mapuloteni Biosynthesis (Gawo lachiwiri) - ndipo anachita pawiri ndi adamulowetsa kwa amino asidi mamita-RNA. Adamulowetsa kwa amino zidulo (aminoacyl adenylate) ntchito michere umasamutsidwa ku t-RNA wa cytoplasm lapansi. ndondomeko ndi catalyzed ndi aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. zotsalira kwa amino asidi chiphatikizana ndi gulu hydroxyl wa carboxyl chachiwiri atomu Carbo ribose nyukiliotayidi tRNA.

Mapuloteni Biosynthesis (Mbali yachitatu) - mayendedwe a zovuta za kwa amino asidi adamulowetsa ndi mamita-RNA ku maselo a ribosome lapansi. The kwa amino asidi zogwirizana ndi tRNA, ndi inasamutsidwa kuchoka hyaloplasm pa ribosome lapansi. ndondomeko ndi catalyzed ndi michere yeniyeni, liri ndi osachepera 20. Ena amino zidulo ndi kusamutsidwa angapo tRNA (mwachitsanzo, valine ndi leucine - atatu tRNA). Zimenezi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya GTP ndi ATP. Chinthu chachinayi cha biosynthesis a amakhala ndi ankameteramo ubweya wa aminoacyl-t-RNA zovuta ndi RNA - ribosome. Aminoacyl-tRNA, ati ribosome ndi interacts ndi mamita-RNA. Aliyense gawo t-RNA kumaphatikizapo nucleotides atatu - anticodon. The mRNA chiwembu kuti limafanana nucleotides atatu - codon. Aliyense codon zizigwirizana tRNA anticodon acid kwa amino wina. Pa biosynthesis amagwira kwa ribosomes mu mawonekedwe aminoacyl-tRNA kwa amino zidulo, amene hereinafter kuti anatsimikiza mtima mu mayikidwe a codons ndi mRNA anapanga mu unyolo polypeptide.

Siteji yotsatira kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni - ndi mwambo wa unyolo polypeptide. Pambuyo oyandikana aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon alumikizidwa awo codon-RNA, zikhalidwe kwa kaphatikizidwe wa unyolo polypeptide. N'kupanga peputayidi muzikondana. njira izi catalyzed synthetases peputayidi, adamulowetsa MG cations ndi mapuloteni chikhalidwe mwambo Mfundo F1, F2, F3. Mphamvu mankhwala ndi guanozintrifosfatnaya acid.

Kuchotsa unyolo polypeptide. The ribosome, umene apanga padziko unyolo polypeptide, ndi unyolo likadzafika kumapeto-RNA, hereinafter "kudumpha" mwa izo. Mpaka kumapeto osiyana mRNA amamangiriridwa ku malo ake ribosome latsopano limene synthesizes mamolekyulu wina polypeptide. Unyolo polypeptide ndi amakadula ku ribosome ndipo excreted mu hyaloplasm. Zimenezi ikuchitika ntchito yeniyeni kumasulidwa Chinthu (R), zomwe chikugwirizana ndi ribosome ndi facilitates hydrolysis wa Mgwirizano efa pakati pa polypeptide ndi tRNA.

Ethers anapanga maunyolo hyaloplasm polypeptide ya mapuloteni zovuta. Anapanga sekondale, ukachenjede ndipo nthawi zambiri - kapangidwe quaternary ya mapuloteni molekyulu. Motero mapuloteni biosynthesis mchipindamo.