Mariinsky Palace, St. Petersburg. Zochitika za Saint-Petersburg

Nyumba ya Mariinsky ya St. Petersburg ndi imodzi mwa zochitika zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ku likulu la kumpoto. Nyumbayi imamangidwa mofanana ndi zojambulajambula zamakono zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri zodzikweza. Mwina kutanthauzira kotereku kotereku kunali chifukwa chakuti nyumbayi inamangidwa ndi Maria Nikolaevna, mwana wamkazi wa Nicholas I, amene anakhala ndi mwamuna wake, Duke Maximilian Leuchtenberg nthawi ya Winter Palace. Emperor ankafuna kuti anthu okwatiranawo akhale ndi malo awo okhala.

Mbiri ya Mariinsky Palace

Mkulu wa kumpoto wa Russia ndi malo ovomerezeka a chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi. Nyumba ya St. Petersburg ndi yosiyana. Mzinda uno muli nyumba zambiri zachipembedzo, nyumba zachifumu ndi zolembera. Ambiri a iwo anamangidwa m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu. Gawo lakumwera la St. Isaac's Square, limene lero lili Mariinsky Palace ya St. Petersburg, inapezedwa mu 1761 ndi mwini wake wa Count Chernyshev, Ivan Grigorievich, amene adafuna kumanga nyumba zambirimbiri pa malo ambiri. Kukonzekera kumeneku kunaperekedwa kwa katswiri wina wa ku France dzina lake Jean-Baptiste Wallen-Delamot, pulofesa, katswiri wodziŵa ntchito yomanga nyumba zachifumu. Chifukwa cha iye, zomangamanga za St. Petersburg zinalandira bwino monga Gostiny Dvor, Palace Yusupov ku Moika, Imperial Academy of Arts.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1765, mtsogoleri wa asilikali dzina lake Ivan Chernyshev pamodzi ndi banja lake lonse adalowa m'nyumba zatsopano zitatu. Wokongola - kotero kunali kotheka kuwonetsa nyumba yachifumu, yokongoletsedwa ndi miyala ya mabulosi oyera, ochokera ku Italy.

Mu December 1766, Mfumukazi Catherine II anachezera nyumba ya Count Count Chernyshev, yomwe mpando wapadera wokhala ndi dzina lake unakonzedwa, wakhala pansi pomwe adasewera makadi. Pomwe panalibe munthu wovekedwa korona, chovalacho chinali chophimbidwa ndi chophimba cha velvet asanayambe ulendo wotsatira.

Mu 1839, nyumba ya Count inawonongedwa ndipo m'malo mwake kumanga nyumba yayikulu yomwe inatchulidwa kuti mbuye wa Maria wamkulu Maria Nikolaevna adayamba ndipo adatchedwanso Mariinsky.

Kukana marble

Nyumba yachifumuyo inamangidwa malinga ndi ntchito yomanga nyumba A. I. Shtakenshneider, yemwe adachita ntchito malinga ndi zamakono zamakono. Wopanga zomangamanga anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zochepa kuti athe kuchepetsa moto. Zojambulazo zinali zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi miyala yamwala. Pofuna kuti mfumuyo ikondwere, mmisiriyo anakana marble, ndipo zokongoletsera zonsezo zinali zopangidwa ndi miyala ya mchenga, chifukwa malinga ndi momwe makomawo ankatentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kuyika

Chipinda choyambirira cha nyumba yachifumu chinali chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe monga maulendo ambirimbiri a zipinda akulankhulana pakati pawo, koma malo enieniwo anali osiyana kwambiri. Masitepe akuluakulu adachotsedwa pakatikati pa chitukuko chachikulu kumanzere kwa malo oyendetsera alendo. Mbali ya pampositiyo inachepa, koma inakhala yotentha.

Pa chipinda chachiwiri, anthu anayamba kuona miyambo ya nyumba zachifumu. Ma suites awiri, omwe amapezeka mozungulira, akuphatikizana, akupanga holo-rotunda. Chotsatira chinali chipinda chotchedwa Pompeian, pafupi ndi Malo Odyera ndi Malo Odyera Oval.

Accommodation

Zipinda za Mfumukazi Mary Nikolaevna zinayamba ndi chipinda chodyera, kenaka ndi ofesi. Mchipinda chogona, chipinda cha boudoir, chipinda cha chimbudzi ndi chipinda china, Chimake, kapena Oval. Muphiko labwino panali kampanda wapadera wopita kumtunda wapamwamba. Anali mndandanda wa zozizwitsa zokongola, zomwe zinali zotheka kuyenda kapena kukwera wokhotakhota wamng'ono. Kumbali zonse ziwiri za ndimeyi zidabzala zomera zosadziwika zomwe zimapanga mlengalenga. Kuyenda mumsewu wopita patsogolo wa phiri kumapangitsa kuti anthu okhala m'nyumba yachifumu amve.

Mpumulo wa Mkulu wa Leuchtenberg

Mkazi wina Maria Nikolaevna ankakhala m'zipinda ndi mawindo pa Isaakievskaya Square. Zipinda zake zinayamba ndi Pulezidenti wa Paradaiso, womwe unapitilizidwa ndi chipinda cha mabilidi, chipinda chokhalamo ndi nduna ya Turkey. Panalinso mndandanda wambiri wa zida. Pamalo oyamba a Maximilian anali ndi chipinda chokhala ndi mawindo a galasi. Galasi losungiramo zinthu zinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku mzinda wa Germany ku Munich, komwe kunakhazikitsidwa duke.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa zomangamanga

Mzinda wa Mariinsky wa St. Petersburg utamangidwa, unatsegulidwa kwa maulendo omasuka. Aliyense akhoza kuyang'anitsitsa ndikupita ku tchalitchi cha nyumba yomwe ili m'chipinda chapamwamba. Alendo anakwera masitepe omwe amachokera ku nyumba yocherezeramo alendo, msewuwo unali wotseguka kokha, ndipo panalibe kutuluka padenga.

Atumiki ndi oyendetsa nyumba ankakhala pansi pansi ndi mapiko a nyumba yachifumu, omwe amatchedwa Officer ndi Hofmeister. Ndizochitika kuti malo onse a nyumba ya Mariinsky adalumikizidwa momasuka, panalibe malo oletsedwa kapena zipinda zotsekedwa kulikonse. Mfumukazi Maria Nikolaevna adavomereza njira yotseguka ya moyo, iyenso analipo kuti azilankhulana ndikufunsidwa kuchokera kwa anthu ake mofanana.

Imfa ya Duke

Mu 1852, ali ndi zaka 35, Maximilian Leuchtenberg anamwalira, akusiya Maria Nikolaevna ndi ana awiri aamuna awiri - Eugene ndi George, omwe adakwatirana ndi akazi awo kumbali yakum'mawa kwa nyumba yachifumu, komwe amakhala kufikira imfa ya amayi awo, Maria Nikolaevna, yemwe adamwalira mu 1876. Panthawi imeneyo, Nyumba ya Mariinsky ya St. Petersburg inalemedwa ndi ngongole, ndipo oloŵa nyumba ankaona kuti ndibwino kokha kuti agulitse nyumba ya makolo. Komabe, panalibenso ogula, ndipo nyumbayi inalembedwa ku dipatimenti yosungiramo chuma.

Mzinda wa Russian Statehood

Mu 1884, Nyumba ya Mariinsky ya St. Petersburg inapita ku chuma cha tsarist cha rubles milioni zitatu ndipo inakhala katundu wa boma. July 14, 1884, Emperor Alexander III adasaina lamulo, malinga ndi zomwe nyumba yachifumuyo inanenedwa kuti ndi malo ovomerezeka a misonkhano ya State Council. Ndipo mu February 1885, Nyumba ya Mariinsky inakhazikitsa makomiti a Council of Ministers, State Chancellery, ndi Special Office for Applications for the Highest Name.

Kuyeretsedwa

Pa February 11, 1885, Nyumba ya Mariinsky inalengezedwa kuti ndi pakati pa dziko la Russia. Ansembe omwe analipo anali ndi utumiki wapadera wa Mulungu ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa nyumbayo ndi mkati.

Pamene State Duma inakhazikitsidwa mu 1905, Boma la State linakula kwambiri. Nyumba yosungirako nyumbayi siinagwirizane ndi anthu onse. Pansi pa khoti, Winter Garden inakonzedweratu, yomwe inamangidwanso kwambiri, ndipo pa Oktoba 15, 1908, Bungwe la Boma linagwira kale ntchito pansi pazifukwa zatsopano.

Nthawi yatsopano

The Revolution of February 1917 inasintha kwambiri m'dziko. Choyamba, Boma Lokonzekera linayambira, lomwe linali ku Mariinsky Palace ndipo linagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka August. Ndiye pali Komiti Yonse ya Russia ku Zosankhidwa ku Msonkhano Wachigawo. Pambuyo pa October Revolution, People's Commissariat of Property ndi Supreme Council of the National Economy anasamukira ku Mariinsky Palace mokwanira.

Maulendo a ku Saint-Petersburg

Mu mzinda pa Neva akusonkhanitsidwa zoposa zamakono zomangamanga, akale ndi amakono. Makedoniya amakhala pamodzi ndi nyumba zomangidwa, koma nyumba iliyonse ndi mbiri ya mbiri. Mkulu wa kumpoto monga wonse ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko la Russia, mgwirizano wa zochitika mu luso ndi zomangamanga. Kulikonse malo odzaza alendo, kukayendera gawo laling'ono la iwo, izo zidzatenga sabata limodzi. Chifukwa chake, maulendo oyendayenda pafupi ndi St. Petersburg ali ndi bungwe, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchezera nthawi yochepa. Gulu lirilonse la alendo likutsogoleredwa ndi wotsogolera, ndipo ngati galimoto ikugwiritsa ntchito mabasi abwino.

Mariinsky Palace lero ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha Russia, ulendo wawo umaphatikizidwa mu njira zonse zoyendera alendo. Masiku amodzi, nyumba yachifumu ikhoza kuwonedwa kuchokera kunja, ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata chipinda chake chimakhala chofikira. Pulogalamu yochezera zochitika zakale za mzindawo ikuphatikizaponso St. Isaac's Square yonse ndi zipilala za Peter Wamkulu ndi Nicholas I, nyumba zachifumu, hotelo ya ku England yodabwitsa. Makamaka chidwi choyendera kachisi wa St. Isaac's Cathedral omwe ali ndi mapiritsi osiyana a malachite kuchokera pansi mpaka padenga, malo osungirako zithunzi, omwe amamangidwa mochokera ku mitengo ya mandimu ndi serp Maxim Salin.

Mutatha kuyendera tchalitchichi, mukhoza kupita ku Mariinsky Palace, yomwe adiresi yake ndi: Isaakievskaya Square, 6.