Maganizo chilumba. Tarabarova salinso pa mapu, iye tsopano Inlundao. Island Tarabarov kuperekedwa kwa China. The demarcation ya kumalire Chirasha Chinese

Chapangitsa kuti anthu onse m'bungwe amafuna dera ena. Ndiponso, chitetezo komanso kugwira ntchito za m'dziko motsatira machitidwe boma. Koma ichi, ikusonyeza mbiri, si kokwanira. Security ndi kukhulupirika kwa dziko akhoza anaonetsetsa pokhapokha ngati malire ake ndi zodziwika bwino ndipo anazindikira oimira dera lonse lapansi. N'chifukwa chake mikangano Kupititsa kukhala imodzi mwa nkhani zofunika kwambiri mfundo yachilendo ya dziko lililonse.

Iwo nazonso ndi maulamuliro monga Russia ndi China. Poyamba, pakati pawo kugona mmene awo lalikulu la m'chipululu kapena malo kumene kulibe anthu ambiri. Kumpoto kunja China ali Wamkulu Wall. Lero, yaima kutali malire pano. mtunda ndi zoposera zikwi makilomita. Inde, anali kalekale. Ndiye Chinese sankakhoza ngakhale amaganiza kuti Amur Mtsinje pa mapu adzakhala mzere wa okulira pa chikhalidwe chawo ndi Russia. Ndipotu, mu masiku amenewo, madera awa anali kunyumba kwa Manchus pankhondo. Ndipo anthu anali kutali ethnically Han Chinese - mbadwa Chinese.

M'malire yaitali mu dziko

History wapanga Kusintha ake, ndipo lero tikhoza kunena kuti Russia ndi China - ziwiri za ufumuwo, analowa mzaka zana makumi awiri monga mayiko oyandikana. M'malire boma pakati pa iwo akhala zoposa zana ndi zaka makumi atatu. Mu 1860, Beijing zinasaina pangano limene "tsopano ndi kwanthawizonse" chinalembedwa malire a limati awiri.

Russia ndi China - mayiko awiri, kutalika kwa malire ndilo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Ndi mzere wa makilomita zikwi khumi. Umayamba kwa mfundo ya malire a Russia, China ndi Afghanistan ndi kutha mfundo sosedstvovaniya Russia, China ndi Korea.

malire kuthetsa

Makonzedwe Beijing chipangano cha m'ma 19 lero akhala akukonza kusintha zinthu zina. Awo ndikusinthidwa, imene ikuchitika ndi demarcation ya malire. Mawu amenewa amatanthauza kuukonza m'malire alipo pakati limati awiri. Chifukwa cha ichi akhoza kusintha mitsinje, nthaka ndi zina zotero. D. Koma demarcation ya kumalire Chirasha Chinese kwachitika chifukwa cha kafukufuku ndi kupereka ndemanga za alipo mizere kugawa.

Pogwira ntchito zimenezi kokha mwina chifukwa zochitika zachilengedwe. Choncho, kwa zaka 130, kuyambira kusaina pangano Beijing, anasintha ake mtsinje nkhungu. Yakhala kukatunga madzi awo pa gawo la Russia. Komanso, zopelekedwa anaulula zolakwika mu apeze malire zizindikiro onse limodzi ndi boma chachiwiri.

Kum'mawa kwa malire

Yachitika amene ali pakati pawo, Russia ndi China, anagawa m'zigawo ziwiri. The kum'mawa kwa mzere boma malire akuyamba ku moyandikana awo Mongolia. Kutalika kwa mizere ndi makilomita oposa zikwi zinayi.

Ngakhale pangano Beijing 1860, nkhani malire sanaukitsidwe kamodzi m'mayiko awiriwa. Nagawira mzere pakati China ndi Russia mobwerezabwereza anagwidwa ndi makonsolo ndi anthu a m'mayiko onse. N'chifukwa chake panali kufunika kubwezeretsedwa kwa malire monga iwo anali atathana pa kusaina mapangano osiyanasiyana.

History sosedstvovaniya

Pafupifupi m'litali lonse pakati pa liyambire kum'mawa kwa mphamvu zazikulu ziwiri zinachitika napereka lero, alikuti Mtsinje Amur pa mapu, ndi kumene otaya mtsinje Argun ndi Ussuri. Komabe, mpaka 1992 sizinapezekebe demarcated pansi mzere uwu mogwirizana. Mpaka 1931 malire mtsinje anali ndi ufulu navigation mode. Mu mabedi awo ndi mtima kusuntha madzi zikutanthauza zonsezi. Komanso, ambiri mtsinje bwinja zilumba anali pafupifupi co-pyace.

Zinthu zinasintha pambuyo chiyambi cha mokwiya Japanese ndi China, ndipo pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zidole boma la Manchukuo. Pakuti Soviet Union linali loopsa bwino kwa chitetezo. Ndi chifukwa chake boma yathu kukhazikitsa ziyang'aniridwe pa dera la mtsinje. Poyamba, njira sayambitsa mfundo iliyonse ku China. Koma ndi 60 ntchentche za m'ma otsiriza anayamba kuculuka kusagwirizana pakati pa maiko awiri. N'chifukwa chake ulamuliro Soviet m'madera madzi a mitsinje malire wakhala chachikulu ngozi.

adatsutsana m'gawo

Pa zokambirana pakati pa USSR ndi China kwa nthawi yaitali anakambirana ulamuliro zigawo zingapo. Choyamba ndi magawo awiri m'dera Chita. Ichi ndi chilumba mwachilungamo lalikulu, yomwe ili pa Argun Mtsinje, yomwe ili makilomita makumi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa mzinda wa Zabaikalsk. kufunika kwake kwa Russia ndi waukulu. Chilumba zikugwirizana dziko lathu ndi China ndi Mongolia. Komanso malowo ndiwo madzi akumwa kwa mudzi wa Krasnokamensk wa anthu a m'gawo limene umabala 90 peresenti ya ureniamu.

A yachiwiri maganizo gawo pabwino mu dera Chita ndi chilumba Menkeseli. Iye anakhala nkhani ya nkhani pambuyo Argun anasintha ake, akusandutsa njanji 5 Km kumpoto.

Komanso kukangana Russia ndi China anali pa madera awiri mu Khabarovsk Gawo. The oyamba - chilumba cha Great Ussuriysk. gawo ili mwachindunji pafupi Khabarovsk - waukulu Russian mizinda Far East.

Amayambitsa mikangano ndi chilumba Tarabarova. Si kutali Khabarovsk. Chilumba ali ndi lalikulu. Komanso, kuzungulira ndi ambiri zilumba zina ndi zilumba. Ambiri a iwo ali komwe ndi Ussuri Mtsinje amalowa Amur. Tarabarova chilumba nalo dzina lake kuposa zaka zana zapitazo. Kenako mu 1912, pa m'gawo lake, iye anakakhala ndi banja lake ndipo anayamba munda pali wolimbikira ntchito mlimi. dzina lake anali SERGEY Maksimovich Tarabarov. Mwalamulo, chisumbu wotetezedwa kwa Soviet Union mu 1929 pakati pa mzinda ndipo ndi Big Ussuri.

Gwero la zochitika malire komanso ali m'magawo atatu m'dera Primorsky. Chigawo chino:

• pafupi ndi nyanja Khanka;
• P woboola pakati mawonekedwe ndi Poltavka pafupi.

The Mbali yachitatu tichipeza n'kupanga awiri kakang'ono ka dziko, kumpoto cha Nyanja Khasan.

Onse a m'madera pamwamba ndi wofunika Russia mu mawu a zachuma. N'chifukwa chake poyamba anali pansi pa ulamuliro wake mwachindunji. Komanso, chilumba Tarabarova ndi madera akuluakulu a Big Ussuri ili pafupi ndi Khabarovsk, chotero, kutetezedwa mwambo kuukira zida.

zochita chomaliza

Mu 1991, pakati China ndi Russia anasaina mapangano kuimaliza kukonza kum'mawa gawo la malire. Patapita chaka chimodzi, m'dera anayamba kupangidwa demarcation. Chifukwa, malire pakati pa maufumu awiri Wamkulu anakhala amadziwitsidwa pansi. Ntchito yonse inali ikuchitika ndi nawo bungwe mwapadera analenga Demarcation, chimene anali oimira mayiko onse.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya malire ndi Mongolia ku mtsinje. Misty anali stamped 1184 chipilala. Mtunda pakati pa iwo ndi 1.5-3 Km, ndi m'madera ena ndi zovuta mtunda -. 300-500 mamita wakhalanso anadula ndi makilomita mazana angapo a glades, ndipo ankaiphwasula ambiri nyumba lotha zomangamanga. Anakhudzidwa ndi demarcation ndi malo mtsinje. Pa malo malire a Amur ndi Ussuri wambirimbiri miyezo hydrographic zinachitikadi, ndipo pa equator mwa nyanja Khanka anaika buoys.

Demarcation ntchito sanali kokha yambiri komanso ndondomeko zovuta. Motero m'dera okhala Russian Chilumba cha China, yomwe ili m'malire, ankaona gawo pachikhalidwe Russian. Ndipotu m'dziko iwo kuigwiritsa ntchito pa malonda awo. Komabe, ntchito zonse kunachitika mogwirizana ndi mapangano walemba pakati pa maiko awiri. The kuthetsa nkhani anali chopereka lalikulu kulimbitsa ubwenzi Russia ndi China, komanso kulimbitsa bata m'chigawochi.

Akamaliza demarcation ndi

Chochitika chofunika m'mbiri ya mgwirizano pakati pa Russia ndi China zinachitika mu chaka cha 2004 pa October 14 Beijing zinasaina pangano zina pa nkhani ya malire a kummawa. Uthera mikangano Kupititsa pakati pa maiko awiri.

Malinga ndi mgwirizano osainidwa kale, ndipo mbali ya chilumbachi Tarabarova Big Ussuri Island anasamukira ku China.

Mbiri ya nkhani adatsutsana

Amene ali ndi chilumba Tarabarova ndi mbali ya Big Ussuri, Russia ndi China sakanatha kulithetsa mu 1964 izo anayamba kukangana Kupititsa awiriwa maulamuliro, omwe si ndiyakuti mpaka kumapeto.

Pofuna kupeza mmodzi, ndi wachiwiri mtsinje chilumba, Chinese anayamba kumenyana ndi ulimi wothirira Soviet Union. Iye anali zonse osefukira mu otaya Kazakevichevo akulowa ndi mchenga. Cholinga cha ntchito imeneyi anali malangizo a ducts pachilumba ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi gombe Chinese. Pankhaniyi, chisumbu cha Great Ussuri ndi Tarabarova basi zikanakhala m'gawo la China. Koma mfundo imeneyi analephera, monga ku Russia zonse kuzamitsa pansi pa Amur ndi kulimbikitsa m'mphepete mwake. Izo zinali kokha mgwilizano mu 2004 athetsa ku ulimi wothirira yaitali nkhondo.

Amene anapita China?

Malinga ndi mapangano walemba, Russia m'manja oyandikana boma Tarabarova chilumba. Popeza China ndi mbali ya kumadzulo ya Big Ussuri (iwo unagawidwa za mofanana). Kuti tsiku ndi madera awa - chigawo Heilongjiang.

Monga panopa apatsira malire? Ina ya Big Ussuri, komanso Tarabarov chilumba kuperekedwa kwa China, malire pakati pa maiko awiri anayamba kudutsa m'dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Khabarovsk. Ndipo munda wa m'deralo, yomwe ili pa Big Ussuri, anakhalabe kumbali Russian. Otsala a Chinese tinatengera. Onse Russia anamupatsa loyandikana boma makilomita lalikulu 337 a m'dera lake.

Chasintha chiani pambuyo kulanda dera?

Ndi chiphadzuwa za. Tarabarova ndi mbali ya Big Ussuri - chilumba Chinese. Loyandikana dziko adali chifupi ndi Khabarovsk mwachindunji makilomita makumi asanu. Poyambirira, Russia Big Ussuri kutetezedwa kuukira asilikali. m'gawo lake anali otetezedwa. Chibwenzi, asilikali anasiya nyumba zonse zomangamanga ndipo anasamukira kumudzi latsopano.

The kukopa ndicho Big Ussuri Orthodox tchalitchi, anamanga mu ulemu wa St. Victor. The Chinese ndi azimvetsa kachisi wathu achipembedzo natengako ku mzere malire a kachisi.

Lero gawo la pulasitala Russia, malinga ndi pangano cha 2004 - ndi Fuyuan County, Heilongjiang Province. Russian chilumba Tarabarova ndi Big Ussuri - za. Inpundao za. Heysyantszydao.

Kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto ya mayiko amenewa kale anamanga msewu waukulu. pali yomanga yogwira za "kwambiri kum'mawa pagoda" pamodzi mbali ya kumadzulo. Izi nsanja Mipikisano nkhani, kufika kutalika 81 m, ndi mawonekedwe lalikulu. zomangamanga ndi kalembedwe wa Mafumu Tang ndi Han. Pagoda amene adzauka chabe patsogolo pa Chapel wa St. Victor, adzakupatsani chizindikiro omveka a gawo, China analandira. Nsanja patali kuti Tingaone ku mudzi Russian ili chigumula kumveka wa Amur.

Izo ziyenera kuti wasintha malo ake chirengedwe ndi mfundo kum'maŵa ya China. Poyamba, iye anali m'mudzi wa Usu, ndipo tsopano anasamukira ku chilumba Heysyantszy. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, a Chinese anayamba moni dzuwa likutuluka pa fifite-eyiti masekondi kale.

chilumba kukaona ndi alendo ochokera m'mayiko awiriwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2015 chiwerengero inali pafupi hafu miliyoni apaulendo.

zachilengedwe anasamutsidwa m'madera

Tarabarova Island, komanso Big Ussuri, ali m'dziko wolemera. Peresenti makumi asanu ndi awiri a m'dera lawo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati msipu, hayfields ndi minda olimapo. Komanso, chilumba ali kunyumba kwa ubweya zobala nyama ndi ungulates ndi waterfowl. Pali awa mitundu m'mayiko amene atchulidwa mu Red Book wa USSR, Russia ndi Union International. mndandanda lawo kumaphatikizapo: Japanese ndi wakuda Crane, wakuda dokowe, tsekwe tsekwe, Chimandarini bakha, kamba leatherback ndi Far East, etc ...

nyanja Floodplain ndi madzi a Amur Mtsinje ndi ducts ake ali wolemera mu nsomba. Pali pano ndi otetezedwa. Izi nsomba Chinese-Auha ndi wakuda carp. Mozungulira zilumba amapanga ake kayendedwe zosamukasamuka yophukira chum nsomba ndi lamprey.

Inde, China wolemera m'dziko anasamutsidwa. Komabe, mbali Russian amakhulupirira kuti, mwa mawu a zachuma, ..silinaona awiri. Dziko lathu lili mapulani chachikulu. Iwo amapereka kukhazikitsidwa mu madera a olowa zone malonda Chirasha Chinese. Iwo adzapereka zinthu zachilendo kwa kukhazikitsa malonda zolowa pakati Heilongjiang Province ndi Khabarovsk Gawo. Ndipo lero mu bajeti boma kale anayamba kuika ndalama zofunika pomanga mlatho kwa chilumba ku Khabarovsk Heysyantszy.