Matabwa denga: mawerengedwe, zinthu ndi zojambula kapangidwe

Denga ndi mbali yofunika ya nyumba. cholinga chake chachikulu - chitetezo cha danga mkati mwa nyumba kuchokera zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe. Iwo amasamalira zotheka akatundu onse akunja ndi kugawira pawo mofanana pa makoma onse. Denga akhoza anamangapo nyumba zosiyanasiyana nyumba. Koma wotchuka kwambiri ndi mu Russia, kumene, matabwa denga. Mawerengedwe a ndondomeko imeneyi ndi yosavuta. Ubwino wa izo amaonedwa kukhala kuphweka kwa kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga.

Zinthu zazikulu

Wapangidwa denga umenewu monga kale Tingaone mutu wake, ndiziwunda awiri okha ili pa mbali zonse za nyumbayo. Zinthu zazikulu za chotero yomanga denga ndi:

• mauerlat;
• kavalo;
• kudenga;
• mizati ndi struts;
• lathing.

Anamangapo matabwa denga ndi zambiri motere:

1. Pa mogwirizana mu chisanadze khoma nangula ananamizira mauerlat.
2. Pa pachithandara wokwera kavalo.
3. Ikani kudenga ndi struts.
4. Wokwera crate.

Komanso dongosolo chifukwa sheathe lotsekedwa chuma, kumatira ndi denga mapepala.

Chofunika kuganizira angagwiritse

Choncho, matabwa denga kapangidwe ndi yosavuta kwambiri. Koma ntchitoyi patsogolo pa khamulo denga kuti, ndithudi, izo ziyenera kukhala. Izi kupewa overspending zakuthupi ndi kupulumutsa nthawi ndi khama.

Pamene yolemba kujambula kuwerengetsera matabwa denga zambiri ikuchitika motere:

• yenda momyata kuweramira ngodya;
• m'litali ndi mtengo zigawo kwa kudenga;
• phula pakati kudenga.

Pofuna kudziwa mlingo woyenerera wa kutchinjiriza, kumatira ndi chuma denga, nawonso kuwerengera dera stingrays ndi gables. Iwo amaganizira magawo onsewa ndi linaŵerengera denga matabwa denga.

zizindikiro malire ngodya

Ndi ku mbali ya cheza ndi kuyamba mawerengedwe a matabwa denga akumanga nyumba. Zimadalira chizindikiro ichi Pankhaniyi akhale pa zifukwa zingapo:

• anasankha kupanga zinthu denga sheathing;
• mwachidwi, mphepo akatundu;
• chisanu katundu.

Mbali yoyamba amatengedwa ku nkhani yake yoyamba ya malangizo onse a Mlengi wa zinthu. Choncho Mwachitsanzo, mbali osachepera ndingaliro:

• chifukwa zitsulo adzakhala madigiri 14;
• zipangizo ukonde - 5 - 15 m'ma;
• corrugated bolodi - 15 g;
• Ondulina - 6 GR.

Malinga mphepo ndi matalala katundu mfundo malire yenda momyata kuweramira ngodya ofunitsitsa ndi mapu apadera mtunda. Komanso matebulo apadera ntchito mu nkhani iyi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphepo katundu amphamvu ndiziwunda analimbikitsa pofuna - 15 - 25 madigiri. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mvula m'dera limene nyumba anamanga M'malo mwake, izo ingathandize steeper - madigiri 45 mpaka 60.

Kudenga matabwa denga: ndi mawerengedwe a mbali ya ndingaliro

Choncho, pokhala anaphunzira mfundo malire, mukhoza muchokera kwa drafting lenileni la zojambula denga la nyumba. Chinthu choyamba Choncho kofunika kudziwa malo kutalika lokwera. Ngati denga matabwa anaganiza chapamwamba wamba, kwambiri Nyamulani kavalo pamwamba mlingo wa mpanda. Izi adzapulumutsa nkhani. Ngati denga zakonzedwa akonzekeretse pabalaza (amene ali osowa), m'pofunika kumanga okwera zokwanira. Mulimonsemo, ntchito mulingo woyenera kwambiri mbali ya otsetsereka ndi 30 m'madera ambiri a Russia - madigiri 45.

Kuwonjezera pa msinkhu lokwera kuwerengera otsetsereka a denga matabwa, kapena m'malo mbali ya ndingaliro ya kuwala kwake, ndipo muyenera chigawo monga m'lifupi matabwa a. Iwo akhoza anatsimikiza basi kuyeza lalifupi khoma la nyumba, ndiye muyenera kuwonjezera chifukwa cha kutalika kwa eaves lapansi. Kenako, mawerengedwe imagwiridwa ntchito chilinganizo ndi: N = 1 / 2L * tgA. A - ndi mbali lenileni la otsetsereka, H - kutalika kwa lokwera, ndi L- m'lifupi matabwa. The tangent kupendekeka kwa zingadziŵike ntchito masamu Bradis tebulo.

Mawerengedwe a kudenga denga matabwa: kutalika ndi gawo mtanda

Ndi zinthu izi mu matabwa dongosolo denga ndi zofunika. Kuwerengetsa gawo mtanda ndi kutalika kudenga kuti makamaka zochokera chakuti kwa 1 mita ² otsetsereka lidzagwa zipangizo kulemera osati makilogalamu oposa 45.

Ambiri onse matabwa denga msonkhano gawo ntchito bala chuma 100 × 150 masentimita Zimenezi zingakhale abwino stepi ino pakati kudenga pa 80 -.. 100 masentimita Ngati kusodza pakati pa zinthu ziwiri imapereka mtunda wamkulu, m'pofunika ntchito thicker matabwa. Ndi mapazi aang'ono M'malo mwake, adzaikidwa kudenga n'kakang'ono.

matabwa kutalika anatsimikiza malingana ndi kukwera ndi m'lifupi mwake lokwera wa matabwa (akufufuta 2). Kudenga Pankhaniyi mu kansalu lamanja ndi mbali ya hypotenuse lapansi. Kudziwa kutalika kwa bala m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Mukhozanso kuwerengetsa zaka za matabwa chimodzi, basi moganizira mbali ya denga matabwa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera mbali zina monga kutalika lokwera malo. chiwerengerochi ayenera chabe awonjezere sine kupendekeka kwa. Phunzirani kuchokera chizindikiro ichi mungathe Bradis tebulo.

Kuti chifukwa cha pamapeto pake chifukwa ayenera kuwonjezera pa 20 - 40 cm pa overhangs lapansi. Konzekeretsani iwo kwenikweni. Apo ayi, m'tsogolo kugwira ntchito kwa nyumba Madzi a mvula adzagwa pa makoma ake. Ndipo ichi, nawonso, adzakhala kuchepetsa moyo wa nyumbayi.

Omwe matabwa kwa kudenga ayenera kusankha khalidwe. Ndipotu chinthu denga ndi chonyamulira. Mabala ndi zambiri mfundo sangathe ntchito chifukwa kudenga. Angagwirizanitse zinthu izi mauelatu ndi lokwera ayenera pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya kanasonkhezereka kapena misomali khalidwe.

Mawerengedwe a m'derali chiwerengero cha ndiziwunda chofunika zakuthupi

Choncho anachita kuwerengetsera ngodya matabwa denga, m'litali ndi gawo mtanda zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso. Koma kuti ganizilani kuchuluka zofunika zakuthupi plating, muyenera kudziwa zambiri, ndipo zizindikiro monga stingrays m'deralo. Pankhaniyi, aliyense mitunduyi makamaka zovuta komanso alibe ntchito. Onani dera limbikitsa kungakhale chabe ndi kuchulukitsa kutalika kwa mtanda pa kutalika kwa nyumbayi.

N'zosavuta kudziwa kapangidwe ndi chiwerengero chofunika zakuthupi cladding. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ntchito mfundo denga choyamba tiyenera kuwerengera dera mayina. Kuti tichite zimenezi, chulukitsani m'lifupi ndi kutalika. Komanso, dera limbikitsa lagawidwa m'dera mpukutu. Mu mawerengedwe mu nkhani imeneyi zofunika kuganizira Akuti chiwerengero cha zigawo plating. kuwerengetsera ndi ntchito mfundo pepala, monga zitsulo kapena bolodi corrugated ndi kubala.

Yowerengera gables m'dera

Mbali iyi ya dongosolo denga bwinobwino anatseka matabwa. Kuwerengetsa matabwa matabwa denga adzafunika zizindikiro monga kutalika lokwera ndipo m'lifupi nyumba ya chikhato lapansi. Pambuyo tipeze malo a mbali imeneyi ya zomangamanga denga, lidzakhala lilipo kwa zofunda nambala kofunika matabwa. The mawerengedwe mu nkhani iyi, malinga ndi njira: S = 1 / 2ah, kumene S - m'deralo, - m'lifupi matabwa a, H - kutalika kwa lokwera malo.

malangizo abwino

Kupanga stingrays mawerengedwe m'dera ndi matabwa, n'zosavuta kudziwa kuchuluka zofunika zakuthupi plating. Komabe tikhale malata pa denga ndi matabwa chofunika kukhala malire. Ndipotu, pamene denga cladding mwa zinthu adzatse- ungwiro. Zinyalala mu Zikatero zambiri mosalephera. Ndipo unadulidwa matabwa kapena mapepala ambiri zomveka osati nthawi zonse analandira.

zimaonetsa Main denga matabwa: bwanji kupewa

Motero, mbali yakumanja ya polojekiti ndi kuchita kuwerengetsera zonse zofunikira, denga zidzatheke kumanga odalirika kwambiri. Komabe, padenga la ndiziwunda awiri cholimba, malangizo ena ayenera kutsata mwachindunji mu msonkhano wake:

• pamaso pa wosanjikiza wa denga kutchinjiriza mkate kwenikweni kukhala chimanga chosakhwima mpweya wabwino;
• okha slab kutchinjiriza chuma ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi mzake, ndi nyumba truss dongosolo maximally wandiweyani;
• kusakonda filimu mu chitumbuwa atathana ndi zomatira tepi osati misomali;
• crate ayenera kunyamulidwa ndi phula lolingana chuma osankhidwa.

Sungani denga kukapanga izo odalirika, si kuswa luso lililonse. Chitumbuwa denga matabwa denga waikidwa motere:

1. Kukhazikika pakati kudenga zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo kutchinjiriza mbale. Pa mbali ya chapamwamba, kuti iwo musalekane, nakoka mauna chosowa cha chitsulo kapena waya zotayidwa.
2. Pamwamba kutchinjiriza waikidwa kumatira. Wotetezedwa yabwino wake ndi lochedwa pang'ono pa mipiringidzo. Njira imeneyi imagwira kuti kupewa discontinuity pamene kusuntha zakuthupi denga, ndi kukonza mpweya wosanjikiza.
3. Pamwamba pa kumatira anasonkhana crate.

Nthunzi chotchinga matabwa denga yothetsa ku chapamwamba lapansi. Pamwamba filimu Ufumuyo tepi wokwera encasing zakuthupi. Izi zikhoza kukhala Mwachitsanzo, matabwa plywood, mbale pulasitiki, ndi zina zotero.

Maziko pansi nkhani denga

Kuwerengetsa mabokosi mu drafting wa denga matabwa ayenera kuganizira zinthu monga kulemera kwa zinthu denga ndi zotheka chisanu katundu. Pansi zitsulo Mwachitsanzo, thandizo gulu akhoza lalembedwa ndi phula la 230 - 400 mm. Mu battens denga yothetsa olimba, etc.

Matabwa maziko pansi zinthu denga komanso amasankhidwa ndi nkhani ya kulemera masika. Anasonkhanitsa mabokosi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga matabwa, ndi bolodi. Mulimonsemo, kutenga zapansi ogwiritsa kwambiri matabwa lonse ali osavomerezeka. zinthu Apo ayi batten cha machitidwe a denga mwina kuluka. Komanso, matabwa lonse kawirikawiri osokoneza, amene mungapange mbale ogwiritsa encasing zakuthupi si wodalirika. Njira yabwino walkable ankaona matabwa kapena matabwa 150 mamilimita lonse.