Mawu mu Latin yomasulira. Wokongola akuti mu Latin galamafoniyo

Zikuoneka kuti palibe kufotokoza kuti nambala yaikulu otchedwa mawu mapiko ndiponso mawu m'nthano za anthu ambiri a dziko anaitenga ku Latin kuchokera kalelo. Ambiri a ife lero ngakhale khutu ku mawu amenewa, akuganiza chinachake bwino ndi kwathunthu wamba. Koma, kwenikweni, iwo ali ndi magwero akale kwambiri. Taganizirani mawu odziwika bwino kwambiri mu Latin, anakhala, titero, tingachipeze powerenga.

Latin ndi chiyambi cha chinenero

Latin choyambiriracho, monga, wa m'mayiko a European banja chinenero cha Chitaliyana ndi subgroup chinenero Latin Faliscan. Nthawi ya kubadwa kwa chinenero angatchedwe nyengo ya zaka mazana angapo Khristu asanabwere. Choyamba, akukhulupirira izo analankhula mitundu ena amati Latins. Koma icho chiri, titero, okwana ochiritsira lingaliro. Pakati wotchuka kwambiri chinali Aroma.

Ufumu wa Chiroma

Latin anafika pachimake ndendende mu Ufumu wa Roma, kwinakwake mu I m'ma BC, mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Augustus. Akatswiri ambiri kuitana nthawi iyi "Golden Age" wa Latin.

M'pake kuti pa nthawi ndi panali mawu Latin kuti tsopano ntchito. Wokongola mawu mu Latin, ndiye anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo chinenero wakhalapo mwalamulo anatengera pa mlingo boma mpaka kugwa kwa Western Roma kwe chilichonse. Ngakhale ankaona mwalamulo chinenero akufa yokha, ndi izi ife sitingakhoze kugwirizana, koma pa izo mtsogolo.

Mawu mu Latin m'nthawi yakaleyo

Monga zachilendo ngati izo zikumveka, koma Ufumu wa Roma anapereka dziko nambala wokulirapo wa odziwika bwino mawu, miyambi, ndi mawu, kuposa Greece chomwecho wakale, ndi nthano zake ndi nthano. Popeza kuti pafupifupi akuti aliyense mu Latin nthawi ili ngati chobisika tanthauzo nzeru zaumunthu, chifukwa chabwino si mkulu, koma, titero, kubwera pansi. nthano Greek, pa dzanja ena, lowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi pafupifupi ndi kanthu kochita ndi zochitika zenizeni.

Ngati mudzapempha munthu funso lokhudza zimene akudziwa odziwika bwino mawu a Latin, anabwera kwa ife ku Roma, n'kutheka kuti adzayankha: "Ine ndinabwera, ndinaona, anagonjetsa» (Veni, vidi, vici) kapena "kugawaniza ndi kugonjetsa" ( Gawani neri impera) ». Mawu amenewa a Kaisara wamkulu, komanso mawu ake anamugoneka: "Brutus, inunso ...".

Kulankhulana ndi zinenero zina Latin

Tsopano nthawi kunaonekera Latin yomasulira. Komabe, kutanthauzira kwa omasulira ambiri chabe plunges mu mantha. chakuti anthu ambiri amangowerenga sindikukhulupirira kuti kutanthauzira kwa mawu odziwika bwino mfundo Latin. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti osati Latin anapezeka wamba nsomba mawu. Ambiri a iwo anakhala pambuyo polowa ntchito ku Latin.

Mwina ambiri a inu mukudziwa kuti mawu akuti "bwenzi A amadziwika mavuto", kuti zambiri amapezeka mu chinenero chilichonse, folklore iliyonse, mwa mtundu uliwonse. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, akhoza zimachitika mfundo zimene ife Tsopano itanani "mawu Latin anawamasulira kuti" chifukwa poyamba chiweruzo zimenezi, mwinanso zinachokera ku chikhalidwe china, izo zinali ndendende, anthu Roma.

Afilosofi kwambiri ndi anzeru

Rome (ndipo ndithudi, aliyense) Afilosofi ndi anzeru - osiyana gulu kuti anapatsa dziko mawu ambiri amene tsopano, monga mutu sapota ndi mfundo zakuya, zopezeka ichi kapena mawu a Latin.

Koma zimene kunena, anzeru ambiri a m'nthawi yake, ngakhale pokhala wa mtundu wina, anasonyeza ukaidi wake anali pa Latin. Ngakhale Descartes ndi dictum wake nthanthi "Ine ndikuganiza, chotero ine kulibe» (Cogito, ergo ndalama).

Ku Rome anabwera kwa ife mawu akuti "Ine ndikudziwa kuti ine sindikudziwa kanthu» (Scio ine kusindikizidwa scire), amene analembedwa ndi Socrates.

chidwi kwambiri philosophically kuyang'ana ndi zambiri zonena za mlakatuli Roma Quintus Horatius Flaccus. Kaŵirikaŵiri anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti wokongola Latin (chikondi zambiri), lomwe lili ndi wosakhwima ndi wochenjera nthanthi tanthauzo bwino Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "Chikondi chinachake chimene ine ndikufuna chikondi, koma zimene mungathe, zimene zawo." Iyeyu amatamanda ndi mawu ndi "GWIRITSANI tsiku" kapena "GWIRITSANI mphindi» (likawomba wotheratu), komanso masiku ano amadziwika kuti, "muyeso ayenera kukhala mu zonse."

mabuku Latin

Koma olemba (olemba, olemba ndakatulo ndi playwrights), iwo anapulumutsa Latin ndipo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zake osati chiganizo choyambirira, koma mawu akuti mu Latin galamafoniyo.

Kumbukirani osachepera ndakatulo Chiyukireniya poetess Lesya Ukrainka "Contra spem Spero" ( "Popanda chiyembekezo, ine ndikuyembekeza"). Koma kwenikweni ndi Latin mawu «Contra spem spero» mtengo womwewo.

Tingakumbukire ndakatulo ndi Alexander Blok, imene amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "veritas vino» ( «Mu vino veritas»). Koma izi mawu a Pliny. Mwa njira, mbadwa za izo, titero, kupeka natembenukira «Mu veritas vino, ergo bibamus!» ( «Mu veritas vino Choncho, madzi akumwa!"). Ndipo chifukwa cha zitsanzo zimenezi kungatithandize kukhala ndithu kwambiri.

Mawu mu Latin mu dziko lamakono

Ndipotu, ambiri amadabwa kuti mawu wotchuka ife ntchito lero, osati kwenikweni kuganizira za chiyambi awo. Ilo likadali makamaka mawu a Latin yomasulira.

Tiyeni tiwone chimene chatsalira kwa ife ku Latin cholowa. Inde, ambiri mawu abwino Latin mu Masiku ano chotchuka kwambiri, koma Ambiri ntchito ndi nzeru zaumunthu mawu. Amene sadziwa mawu akuti wotchuka ngati "Chete - kuvomereza", "The chinthu chachikulu - chikondi", "Kupyolera minga nyenyezi", "Nyimbo amasiyana," "Kupanga mapiri kunja kwa molehills," "Palibe utsi popanda moto '( oyambirira "Kodi utsi pomwepo, ndi moto"), "Ngati mukufuna mtendere - kukonzekera nkhondo", "mkazi zonse zosintha ndi anasintha", "munthu aliyense wamanga wa mwayi wake (tsogolo)," "Umbuli la chilamulo palibe chowiringula" "O, nthawi! O mores "," Pa akufa - kapena zabwino, kapena kanthu, "" moto ndi lupanga (a lupanga) "," Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi mokondera "," Tsogolo amathandiza wolimba (mwayi) "(" silipita Wolimba Mtima (woyang'anira ) zabwino ")," ankaiganizira, onse - liwiro, "" Mkate ndi pamasewera "," munthu kwa munthu - nkhandwe, "" Language - wanu "mdani (oyambirira" chinenero - mdani wa anthu ndi umodzi wa mdierekezi ndi akazi ")," kuchenjezedwa ndi forearmed ", ndi zina zotero. d.? Koma mwina mawu chopatulika - izo «Memento Mori» ( «Living, Memento Mori").

Monga Tingaone zitsanzo pamwambapa, onse odziwika bwino mawu a Latin, m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zina anamasulira mosiyana. Inde, inde! Izi ndizimene tinatengera kwa makolo athu.

Komano (ndi iyi kumene), kuphatikizapo mawu mapiko ndi mawu angapezeke, wochokera mbewu ena Latin. Nthawi zambiri izi nzeru Oriental. M'njira zina ngakhale mofananira kuti mfundo nzeru zaumunthu, amene padangokhala anasonyeza mwa anzeru Ufumu wa Roma. Ndipo palibe zodabwitsa mu, chifukwa pafupifupi onse zikhalidwe za anthu a dziko lapansi pamlingo winawake zogwirizana.

Pomaliza

Mwachidule chifukwa, izo Tingaone kuti lonse mbiri ya chinenero Latin, chikhalidwe anapereka dziko mawu ambiri mapiko ndiponso mawu amene sakanakhoza ziwathandize kukumbukira mawu a buku Captain Magazi Rafael Sabatini akuti: ". Moona mtima, akale Aroma anali anthu anzeru" Ngati munthu sakumbukira kapena sakudziwa, asanapange nkhope yake akukondedwa Latin «Audaces fortuna juvat» ( «Mnthawi tsoka amathandiza").

Ndipo sikulakwa onse amene amanena kuti Latin - chinenero chakufa. Osanenapo chakuti tsopano ntchito mankhwala, ndi Dziwani kuti Chikhristu, nayenso, saiwala izo. Mwachitsanzo, lero Latin ndi chinenero cha Woyera Onani, Vatican ndi dongosolo la Malta.

Zikuoneka kuti panali tsiku ndi tsiku sizachilendo kumva nsomba mawu, titero, zokuzira pansi Malemba Oyera, kapena zowonetseredwa ndi ena a zaumulungu amene yemweyo Middle Ages Sizinali zachilendo.

N'chifukwa chake osati Latin, komanso anthu ambiri anali ndi dzanja mu chitukuko ndi kulemera, ndi ana oyamikira kwambiri zazikulu ndi ulemu.

Nthawi zina ngakhale amapita patali kuti ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu Latin mapiko kundendeku!

Komabe, mungapeze zosiyanasiyana mawu ounika akhala mapiko, koma palibe buku lina ngakhale mu World Lonse Web sangathe kupereka mndandanda. Chabwino, mungapeze wotchuka kwambiri kapena mawu zambiri ntchito. Ndipo mmene akadali osadziwika, ndi zosadziwika, zobisika kuseri kwa chotchinga cha mbiri ...