Mbali yofunika ya kulankhula - ndi chiyani?

Kuyambira kale, maganizo a asayansi ndi funso za mbali ya kulankhula. Studies zoyenera iwo, chinkhoswe mu Plato, Aristotle, panini, Jaska. Koma zilankhulo Russian, tisaiwale mayina a vv Vinogradov, lv Scherbo A. A. Shahmatova ndi ena.

Kuvuta kwa kulekana kwa mbali ya kulankhula

Mbali kulankhula siyana kwambiri zofunika ndi onse mu chinenero chilichonse. Ndi mafotokozedwe a funso kwa iwo akuyamba kufotokoza ake kalembedwe. Ponena za mbali ya kulankhula, galamala zimatanthauza grouping mayunitsi ena a chinenero. Mu mawu ena mu lotanthauzira mawu a zigwire enaake kapena gulu yodziwika ndi zinthu zina. Komabe, pa zifukwa ziti ayenera allocated kuti mbali ya kulankhula? Malinga ndi zomwe kufalitsidwa kwa mawu mu izo? Pamodzi, tiyeni tiyankhe funso limeneli.

Vuto la akamanena za mbali ya kulankhula, komanso mfundo za Kugawilidwa kwanthaka awo zinenero zosiyanasiyana ndi mmodzi wa ambiri mu zilankhulo. ziganizo zosiyanasiyana ndi zambiri pa nkhani imene chidwi ife. Nthawi zambiri iwo akutsutsana ndi simuli bwino. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mbali munthu zigwire pamaziko a pachinthu chimodzi kutsogolera n'chobadwa mu mawu ndi gulu makamaka. Ena amakhulupirira kuti maziko kusankha mbali ya kulankhula ndi mndandanda wa zizindikiro zina, ndipo palibe mmodzi wa iwo ali mwini. Ngati tingayerekezere kuti kale ndi maganizo woona, kuti mu nkhani iyi idzakhala mbali yaikulu? Magulu zomveka akaidi mu tanthauzo lexical? Kapena kodi yokha? Kapena kulankhula ndi tanthauzo lexical wa gulu kalembedwe? Ntchito yake syntactic kapena chikhalidwe morphological? A mbali zosiyanasiyana za kulankhula ayenera allocated pa osiyana kapena pa maziko omwewo?

Gwirizanani ndi mafunso ambiri. tadziŵa chikhalidwe kalembedwe mawu akadali si chozama zokwanira gulu awo kalembedwe akhoza kumangidwa pa maziko sayansi. Chinayamba mwapang'onopang'ono ndi kukonza kenako mu mwambo wa kufalitsa mbali zosiyana za kulankhula mawu - uyu si gulu a. Chotero magawano - monga mawu ngakhale kuti pali magulu osiyana mawu kuphatikiza zina wamba kwa iwo. Yotsirizira zambiri kapena zochepa zofunika Komabe, si nthawi zonse bwino.

Kugawilidwa kwanthaka mbali ya kulankhula Chirasha

Mu chinenero chamakono Russian ali ambiri mitundu zosinthika morphological. Mavuto kwambiri ndi derivation variable mbali yaikulu ya kulankhula. Ena a mitundu anali anazindikira malangizo ndi mizu chinenero mabuku, pamene ena amaona zolakwa kalembedwe. Izo zimatengera kufunika mozama nkhani monga derivation cha kusintha kwakukulu kawirikawiri kulankhula. Kusukulu, kaŵirikaŵiri mwapadera.

Mbali ya kulankhula ndi kuphunzira mu gawo limeneli, galamala, kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe. M'mawu ake, tikambirana mfundo za makhalidwe awo ndi kusintha. Iwo zingasiyane ndi manambala, maphwando genera, choncho ndi zina zotero. D. nauni Mwachitsanzo, amatanthauza nkhaniyi. Iwo zingasiyane ndi mlandu ndi chiwerengero. The adjective si nkhani limanenera, ndipo chizindikiro ake. Izo zimasiyanasiyana manambala, kubadwa ndi mlandu. Komabe, pali mawu amene sasintha chinenero cha Chirasha. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe, prepositions ndi adverbs.

Zofunikira ndi mbali palokha wa kulankhula

Kotero, gulu la mawu amene amabwera pamodzi pa maziko a mbali dera, wotchedwa mbali ya kulankhula. Pankhaniyi makhalidwe magulu osiyanasiyana a mawu si yunifolomu. M'pofunika kusiyanitsa mbali zikuluzikulu ndipo neznamenatelnye wa kulankhula. Otsiriza umatchedwanso boma. mbali yofunika ya kulankhula palokha. Onse kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Independent mawu m'sentensi, anangotchula zinthu, zochita, zizindikiro, ndi a pempholo, pamene utumiki zambiri kugwirizana mawu paokha. Taganizirani mwatsatanetsatane lomaliza.

Akuti ndi mawu kwambiri

mbali Independent wa kulankhula kungakhale pronominal kapena nthawi yapadera. mawu chidwi amasonyeza zizindikiro, zinthu, zochita nambala ubale, kuwayitana iwo. Pronominal yekha kumufotokozera, koma musamatchule. Chiweruzo akutumikira monga wachiwiri kwambiri. mawu pronominal kupanga gawo osiyana kulankhula otchedwa puronauni. Chidwi lagawidwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za mawu potengera muyezo zotsatirazi:

- kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe;

- zowombetsa mkota makhalidwe;

- parsing khalidwe (ntchito ndi kugwirizana m'lembali).

Kuonetsetsa magulu osachepera 5, kuganizira mbali chidwi wa kulankhula. Izi maina atatu (adjective, nauni, numeral) ndi mneni ndi adverb. Nthawi zina mneni mitundu (gerundive ndi participle) zigwire payokha. Monga mukuonera, mbali ya kulankhula ndi lexical ndi kalembedwe makalasi mawu. Ndiko kuti, zigwire zochokera khalidwe syntactic, zilembo morphological ndi mfundo zowombetsa mkota.

nauni

Yambani kufotokoza mbali ya kulankhula chinenero Russian (notional) ndi nauni. Pamafunikanso mawu:

1) manauni wamba kapena mwachinsinsi, zopanda moyo kapena zamoyo, ndi zonse generic mbali, komanso sanali kulimbikira (waukulu gawo manauni) walembapo mlandu ndi chiwerengero;

2) ndi cholinga tanthauzo, kotero yankho "m'njira yotani?" kapena "ndani?";

3) nthawi zambiri mu pempholo ndi kuwonjezapo kapena nkhani, koma pangakhale anthu ena.

Onani kuti Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa manauni waukulu ndi mawu mbali kalembedwe, osati Mwachitsanzo, phindu. Zizindikiro zazikulu za mbali yaikulu ya kulankhula angakhale osiyana. Mu ichi posakhalitsa mudzaona. Monga tanthauzo la nauni, ndi mbali chabe ya mawu, kufunika kwa zimenezi osiyana kwambiri. Pano pali chitsanzo: Munthu (mtsikana), chinthu (cholembera), nyama (galu), ndi lingaliro umboni (kunyada), umboni (kutalika) chiŵerengero (lochitira), kanthu (maphunziro). mawu awa pa kaonedwe ka mfundo ophatikizana kuti ndi ulemu kwa iwo, tingafunse funso lakuti: "? zimene" kapena "Ndani?" Izi Ndipotu, ndi Kudziwa awo.

Ife chitani tikambirane mbali ina ya kulankhula - adjective.

adjective

Ndi mbali palokha wa kulankhula ndi chikhomo. Iwo amaphatikiza mawu:

1) zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa mlandu, manambala ndi osiyanasiyana, ndipo ena - chifukwa kuyerekeza mphamvu za kufupika ndi / chidzalo.

2) anam'patsa sanali procedural zizindikiro choncho limayankha funso "amene?" kapena "chiyani?"

3) Kuimba nyimbo chiganizo gawo dzina mlongo (gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe) kapena matanthauzo.

Adjectives zonse zimadalira manauni. Choncho, mafunso muyenera kuzifunsa otsiriza. Adjectives ayenera kusankha kuchokera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofanana ankafuna. Popanda mawu athu adzakhala ngati chithunzi olembedwa wa imvi utoto. Ndiyamika adjective, izo zimakhala zooneka zolondola, monga kulola kuti mumatsindikanso mbali zosiyanasiyana za chinthu.

numeral

Ukunso ndi mbali mochititsa chidwi kulankhula, wodziimira. Pamafunikanso mawu kutanthauza manambala, dongosolo la zinthu m'nkhaniyi, kapena chiwerengero. Numeral amayankha mafunso otsatirawa: "Kodi?" kapena "zingati?" Ndi mbali ya kulankhula kuti Chili mawu pamaziko mfundo zofanana. A mtengo numeral - zokhudza chiwerengero. Onani kuti mbali kalembedwe ndi sakanikira. Akudalira pa mtengo wa kumaliseche a numeral a.

mawu awa ali ofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu. Ife anayeza chiwerengero cha nthawi, mtunda, chiwerengero cha zinthu ndi kukula, mtengo, kulemera. Mawerengero pa kalata zambiri m'malo ndi manambala. Komabe, mu zolemba Mwachitsanzo, m'pofunika kuti kuchuluka anali mwachindunji manambala osati kokha, komanso mawu.

adverb

Tipitirize kuulula funso: "? Chiwalo cha mawu - chidwi" Adverb amaimira chiweruzo umboni chizindikiro zimene mocheperapo - phunziro. Onani kuti zosasintha. Kupatulapo kwa lamulo limeneli - yekha Mkhalidwe adverbs kutha mu -o / -e. Onsewo ali pafupi kaya adjective kapena mawu kapena adverb wina, amene amakhala ndi gawo chidwi wa kulankhula. Zitsanzo: kudya kwambiri, kuthamanga mofulumira, mofulumira. Adverb m'sentensi kawirikawiri chochitika. Nthawi zina zikhoza kukhala pafupi ndi nauni ndi. Zitsanzo: akuthamanga, khofi-Warsaw, dzira zofewa-yophika. Adverb mu milandu amachita monga matanthauzo kosagwirizana. Inatenga pa malo awiri adverbs gulu - momveka bwino ndi ntchito.

mneni

Ife titembenukira kwa mneni, kuganizira mbali chidwi wa kulankhula. Ichi ndi mawu chikhalidwe (adzakondwera), kanthu (kulemba), chuma (limp), chizindikiro (kuyera), chiŵerengero cha (ofanana). magulu osiyana a mneni ndipamene sakanikira mbali kalembedwe. Chinthu choterocho monga "mawu apakamwa" ogwirizana: mawonekedwe conjugated (chabe ndi munthu), unconjugated (mchitidwe participle ndi zinthu), komanso infinitive (indeterminate mawonekedwe). wofunika kwambiri kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kulankhula. Kulola ife kupereka dzina zochita zosiyana.

zachiyanjano

Pamene zochitika morphological Mgonero ambiguously kutanthauziridwa mu zilankhulo. Nthawi zina ankachita mbali osiyana kulankhula mawu kwambiri, ndiwo imfa, ndipo nthawizina - monga mawonekedwe a mneni. Iwo akuyimira chizindikiro kwa chinthu ndi kanthu. Mgonero zimalunzanitsa pamodzi katundu wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi adjectives. Izo ntchito chinenero zolembedwa zambiri kusiyana ndi m'kamwa.

participle

Tiuzeni pang'ono za gerund, kuwulula mutu wakuti "mbali kuchedwa wa kulankhula." Awa ndi mawu, monga Sakramenti la, Tingaone kaya mwapadera mneni, kapena ngati gawo osiyana kulankhula. Zizindikiro za gerunds ali motere:

1) Kudziwa kanthu zina, kotero sakramentili amayankha mafunso otsatirawa: "Kodi zachitika?" kapena "kuchita zimenezo?"

2) Kupezeka kwa zinthu kalembedwe onse ndi adverb ndi mneni.

Choncho, takambirana mbali chidwi wa kulankhula. Izi adverb, mneni, numeral, nauni ndi adjective. Nthawi zina mosiyana kuonetsetsa komanso gerund ndi participle. Tsopano inu simungathe kupita cholakwika ndi kuyankha funso: "Kodi mbali ya kulankhula - chidwi" Komabe, ife amati inu pitirirani nazo ankadziwa wangwiro ndi mbali palokha wa kulankhula, ankaona puronauni.

puronauni

Puronauni akuimira mbali palokha wa kulankhula, kusonyeza mbali, zinthu kapena kuchuluka Komabe, samaitana iwo. Osiyanasiyana mbali kalembedwe. Akudalira pa zimene mbali ya kulankhula m'malo mwa malemba akuti. Iwo akhoza wachinsinsi ndi mbali kalembedwe ndi momveka. Akuti kulankhula ntchito m'malo adjectives, manauni, adverbs ndi manambala. Iwo asapasana choti mu phunziro coherent wa pempholo, kupewa kubwereza kwa mawu amodzimodzi.

Choncho, takambirana mbali osadalira pa mawu (mawu ndi chidwi), ndi mbali wothandiza wa kulankhula , ife mwachidule anafotokoza. Tikupereka inu paokha kuphunzira zambiri za yamasika, monganso iwowo mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chinenero. Tikukhulupirira mwaphunzira kusiyanitsa pakati pa mbali yaikulu ndi wothandiza wa kulankhula.