Likulu Zaire. Mzinda wa Kinshasa. Democratic Republic of the Congo

Likulu la Republic of Zaire, anadzatchedwa mu 1997 ku Democratic Republic of Congo, ndi lero imodzi yaikulu mizinda Africa ndipo dzina lake Kinshasa. Komabe, dzina yamakono ya likulu analandira pokhapokha ufulu.

Congo pa mapu a Africa

Dziko ili m'chigawo chapakati cha mu Africa, dera ndi yokha Algeria, ndipo chiwerengero cha nthandala mu malo chachinayi pambuyo Nigeria, Ethiopia ndi Egypt. Dziko ali ndi yaitali ndi maganizo mbiri zonse za nkhondo, ndi kulimbana ndi thupi.

Zonsezi zinayamba pa zaka zikwi ziwiri pamaso yathu ino, pamene mafuko a alimi Bantu ndinayamba kumpoto kumtunda, zinali anthu zakwawoko wa Apigime amene anadzakhala ochepa wamng'ono, amakakamizidwa kunja kwa periphery wa moyo boma ndi ndale kwa dzikoli.

Komabe, kwa zaka zambiri, mbiri ya Congo osadziwa mabungwe khola boma, ndipo okha XlV m'ma malire pakati pa mtsinje waukulu African Congo anatuluka ufumu wa dzina lomwelo, limene, ndi kuwawa kwa kugunda ndi colonizers Chipwitikizi m'zaka XV. Pafupifupi zaka mazana anayi, olamulira m'deralo mwaufulu anagulitsa nzika zawo Azungu amene nawonso, natengedwa akapolo African ku North America.

atsamunda nthawi

Ngakhale kuti lonse la Africa ndi la Democratic Republic of Congo ndithu anakhudzidwa ndi khalidwe lotayirira la atsamunda okhaokha ndi dyera la akatangale, munthu sayenera kuchepetsa kulimbikitsa wa anthu ena kuti chitukuko cha Africa.

Udindo wa m'dera kudziwika lero monga Republic of Congo, wosiyana katundu atsamunda, chifukwa iye sanali yokhala mzinda wa dziko lililonse ku Ulaya, koma wachita kale eniake ndi mfumu Belgium, pambuyo amene likulu la Zaire dzina lake. Ndi kuthetsa yoyamba chimene chimatchedwa likulu yodzaza Leopoldville - polemekeza Belgium Mfumu Leopold.

Maziko a mzinda

Mwala woyamba likulu latsopano la Zaire anaika wotchuka British wofufuza za Africa, mtolankhani ndi wofufuza Henry Morton Stanley, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa magombe a malonda mtsinje positi umene unali kuyamba kukula nthaŵi chigawo chapakati cha Africa, mpaka pamenepo bwino anamvetsa.

Kumasuka kuyenda ndi Africanization

Popeza penipeni mu 1881 mpaka asiye goli korona Belgium mu June 1960, likulu la Zaire, ankatchedwa Leopoldville, koma mkubwela wopondereza Mobutu boma, izo anadzatchedwa. Chifukwa renaming anali wankhanza kufalitsidwa odana ndi atsamunda cholowa, kuphatikizapo zinenero: Dutch, zofala mu Zaire anamukwiyira mwadala osamukira ndi akuluakulu. Choncho Kinshasa - likulu la dziko kumene analenga - anapeza dzina panopa, amene anapita kwa izo ku umodzi mwa midziyo kuti analowa malire mzinda.

Zaka zoyambirira za ufulu dziko sikunapangitse ulemerero ndi mtendere idzayamba. Patapita nthawi pang'ono ulamuliro wa demokalase osankhidwa pulezidenti Kasavubu inatha chiwonongeko wake. Zolipirira ndi US General Mabuchi kutsitsidwa mutu wa boma. Kinshasa - Congo likulu - anakhala ngati fupa mkangano pakati pa US ndi Soviet Union, amene anali kufuna kulamulira pa madipoziti wolemera mchere, kuphatikizapo ureniamu. Ndipo tiyenera kuvomereza kuti mpikisano uwu, Achimereka anapambana chigonjetso bwino.

Kwafalikira ndi umphawi

Pamaso 1966, likulu la Zaire, ankatchedwa Leopoldville, koma anadzatchedwa mu Kinshasa pambuyo kulengeza za ndondomeko ya Africanization. Ngakhale malo a mzinda pa mtsinje ndipo lili ndi ubwino mu mawonekedwe a mwayi njirazo mtsinje zoyendera koma kusintha amphamvu kukwezedwa ndi pamakomo amalola kutumiza chizolowezi chabe gawo malire a mtsinje.

Kugonjetsa malire ili ku gombe mpaka ku likulu, anayamba kukokera sitima zomwe pamapeto pake chinathandiza kukula chachikulu mafakitale. Kumbuyo njanji anayamba kumanga payipi, amene inatha mu 1914.

Congo pa mapu a Africa ndi imodzi mwa malo zofunika, pamene mu 1990s oyambirira, ndi ndale mu dziko, ambiri limati African ayamba kwambiri kapena zochepa nawo mapeto ake.

Mmodzi mtsinje - mitu iwiri

Likulu Zaire - si mzinda yekha pamwamba pa mtsinje wa Congo. Ku khundu m'mphepete mwa Kinshasa ndi likulu la dziko loyandikana nalo. Democratic Republic of Congo kumalire ndi boma, amene boma dzina - Republic of Congo. Anthu a ku malikulu awiri akhoza kuyang'ana pa anansi mwa mtsinje mwachilungamo lonse limene, mwatsoka, pali mlatho kuti zikugwirizana ndi awiri midzi yaikulu.

Modern Kinshasa, likulu la mmodzi wa mayiko osauka mu dziko, ndi ndithu pamaso chidwi. Wina chidwi ndi kusiyana pakati pa zigawo wolemera bizinesi ndi malo slum kumene anthu saloledwa kupeza zipangizo zofunika m'tawuni. anthu ambiri alibe ngakhale mwayi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera.

nyumba zauve likulu ndi ndiwo mavuto ambiri m'tauni, monga umbanda ndi matenda. Likulu Zaire zonse ali malo pamwamba lolemekezeka la mizinda yoopsa kwambiri Africa. Street upandu kumachititsa mzinda pafupifupi osayenera apaulendo palokha ndipo kwambiri zikutipatsa mitengo nyumba. Mwatsoka, akuba ndi akuba, rapes ndi kidnappings anakhala Kinshasa zachilendo. Nyumba m'madera otetezedwa waima pa nthawi mtengo kusiyana Europe ndi mahotela ndi wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba ndi makoma aatali ndi kuwasandutsa ngati ghetto kwa azungu.

Social dera la mzinda

Ngakhale m'matangadza yaikulu kwambiri mtengo nafuna-pambuyo mu msika wa mchere, kunena za chuma cha dziko Sikuti. Corruption, nkhani postcolonial ndi yoyendetsa zoopsa kupulumutsa nzika m'mavuto.

Monga mu mzinda uliwonse lalikulu, pali mayunivesite mu Kinshasa sukulu yachilendo apamwamba. Mozama Academy wa Tirhana, ali anayambitsa zachipatala, ndi Pedagogical National ndipo ngakhale mayunivesite Katolika.

gawo thanzi ukufanizidwa ndi ambiri angapo zipatala ndi malo zachipatala. M'mayiko ena ambiri African, mu Congo akugwira kwambiri Mabungwe lonse kuti ndalama zogulira thandizo la mankhwala kwa anthu a m'deralo.

Kinshasa - likulu la boma latsopano

Mavuto andale anatsimikiza dziko mu 2005, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano. Malinga ndi lamulo latsopano zofunika, gawo dziko lagawidwa m'zigawo khumi. likulu wapatsidwa udindo wapadera mu utsogoleri magawano - ndi onse mzinda ndi yoyenda yokha dera.

The conurbation wa Kinshasa ali pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu ndi atatu, koma zoona palibe aliyense amene akudziwa mmene anthu ambiri amakhala dimensionless nyumba zauve ozungulira mzindawo ndi ogwira ntchito mtundu wa lamba umene umawalekanitsa likulu kuchokera kumidzi m'malire izo.

Ndipo komabe, ngakhale umphawi ndi mavuto yaikulu mu dera chikhalidwe, mbadwa zambiri Kinshasa apita patsogolo kwambiri ku mayiko masewera ndi yausangalatsi.