Mbawala kuwuluka - tiziromboti zosasangalatsa

Kumapeto kwa chilimwe mu nkhalango Siberia ndi chapakati Russia limapezeka mbawala intrusive kuwuluka (zithunzi tizilombo m'nkhani ino). Kuwonjezera dziko wathu ndi kunyumba kumpoto kwa China, mu North America ndi Scandinavia. chiwerengero cha tizilombo zimadalira chiwerengero cha gwape ndi mbawala.

Mbawala kuwuluka, mphalapala mudzichonga, louse mbawala, mphalapala louse - onse ali amodzi ndi tizilombo yemweyo amene ali m'banja la Hippoboscidae. Trehmillimetrovoe thupi mawonekedwe flattened ndipo yokutidwa ndi kuwala bulauni leathery zophimba wandiweyani. Pa mutu wake mu mabeseni zakuya ili tinyanga, omwe pafupifupi osati protrude pamwamba pa. Mbawala ali lalikulu ntchentche maso wopangidwa mwa 2.5 tysyach mbali. maso lake ¼ thupi lonse kupatula pa mitu yawo ntchentche pali 3 maso yosavuta. Mouthparts wa tizilombo ankanena za mtundu kubowola-woyamwa ndipo ali ndi dongosolo ofanana ntchentche Zikuluzikulu wotchedwa ntchentche khola. Nswala louse ndi wandiweyani ndi poyela mapiko ndi ochepa mitsempha, kutalika kwake kuyambira 5.5 kuti 6 mm. Pa mbali ya chifuwa ndi miyendo amphamvu ndi ntchafu wakuda ndi zikhadabu asymmetric. Mbawala ntchentche anapereka ndi mimba zotanuka kuti pamene kudya akhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu kukula.

Mtundu wa ectoparasites tizilombo chikukhudza kruglozhiznennym. M'mawu ena, mbawala ntchentche wakudya kokha magazi kuti umabala nyama magazi ofunda. breadwinner ake eni chachikulu ndi ogawika-hoofed nyama. roe Izi nswala, agwape, agwape ndi mbawala. Komanso, ndege bloodsucker bwino ntchito ng'ombe kunyumba, mapezekanso nguluwe, zimbalangondo, nkhandwe, agalu, yoongoka, nkhosa ndi zina zotero. Ngati pali mkulu chiwerengero cha tiziromboti, ndi ose ntchentche kuluma likuoneka munthu, ndipo tisaiwale - chowawa kwambiri. Pa malo a kuluma reddens khungu, pali mfundo zolimba, amene akhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku 20.

Chifukwa chake imatchedwa mbawala nsabwe kapena nthata? Ngakhale pamaso pa mapiko bwino anayamba, tizilombo zimauluka wokongola zoipa ndi mtunda waufupi. Mapiko a iwo Kwenikweni, muyenera popita ku fungo la nyama magazi ofunda. Ndipo mwamsanga pamene amakwanitsa cholinga chawo, iwo mwamsanga anataya. moyo wawo wonse tsogolo kale loyenda pa thupi la wochereza alendo athandizi. Iwo burrow mu ubweya wake, amaluma kudzera pakhungu ndipo anayamba kudya magazi. Choncho panali poyerekeza ndi nsabwe ochiritsira ndi nthata.

Patapita milungu ingapo mu keds wopambana moyo umabwera msinkhu, iwo anayamba kugwira awiriawiri, yaikazi ndi yaimuna. Pambuyo umuna, atapita masiku 16, akazi chibala mphutsi choyamba. Onani kuti chibala, monga mtundu uwu tizilombo amatanthauza moyo akatundu, kapena m'malo - kuklorodyaschim. A yaikazi thupi akufotokozera dzira choyamba, ndiye larva. Kuunika kunadza trehmillimetrovye prepupal anapanga. Ali ndi maola ochepa kuwasandutsa puparia (puparium), yokutidwa ndi chipolopolo zolimba ndi kugwa pansi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku October kwa March. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, pupa adzakhala mpaka August, ndiyeno pali latsopano sitima mbawala ntchentche. The yaikazi moyo wake (pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) nthawi mwayi 30 puparia amenewa.

Nyama, majeremusi izi kubweretsa nkhawa kwambiri, chifukwa munthu mmodzi angawononge mazana ukhazikike. Ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti zikutha m'mayiko nyama kumachitika wachinyamata kukula yomweyo. Mwatsoka, othamangitsa polimbana tizilombo sapezeka. Mungadzitetezere ku kulumidwa iye, m'pofunika pamene kuyenda mu nkhalango kusamalira zovala zawo. Cuffs pa manja liyenera kugwirizana snugly kwa thupi, mathalauza bwino lembani masokosi, ndi kukhala ndi chipewa pa mutu wake. Pambuyo kuyenda mosamala kuyendera zovala zanu ndi kuchotsa izo obisalamo tizirombo.