Mbiri ya Hans Christian Andersen - matsenga enieni

Dzina la Hans Christian Andersen ambiri a ife timadziwa kuyambira ali mwana. Ponena za moyo wake, adanena kuti ndi wokongola komanso wokongola, kuti ngakhale panthawi ya zovuta za ana kwa banja la Fairy Fairy idapatsa iye kusankha yekha moyo, wosankhidwayo sakanakhala moyo wabwino.

Andersen anali chiyani? Kunja iye anali munthu wamtali wovuta kwambiri ndi mikono ndi miyendo yaitali, mochititsa manyazi, chifukwa anyamatawo anamupatsa mayina a "stork" ndi "lamppost". Moyo wa Hans Christian Andersen ndi wodabwitsa kwa munthu wamkulu. Iye anabadwira m'banja la wofukizira nsapato komanso wopanga nsapato m'tawuni ya Denmark ya Odense mu 1805. Nthano ndi malingaliro akhala akukhala mu banja lino. Bamboyo sanangomuwerengera kuyambira ali wakhanda nkhani za "Zaka 1,000 ndi Mdima umodzi," adamuwuza mnyamatayo kuti m'mitsempha ya mwazi wachifumuyo. Zikuoneka kuti zinali zozizwitsa, zomwe Hans Christian Andersen ankakhulupirira moona mtima . (Zithunzi zochepa zomwe adamulemba iye mwini adanena kuti bwenzi lake laling'ono ndiye Prince Frits.) Komabe, tikukamba za munthu wodabwitsa. Ndani akudziwa, pamene mbiri ya munthu yemwe amadziwa kuwonetsa maso a ana, inakhala nkhani yamatsenga, ndipo pamene zenizeni? Zoona zake n'zakuti pambuyo pa imfa ya Mfumu Frederick VII (dzinalo linapatsidwa kwa Frits ndi kulamulira), Andersen ndiye yekha amene anavomerezedwa ku bokosi, kupatula banja.

Mbiri ya Hans Christian Andersen ikuunikiridwa ndi chikondi cha masewero. Masewera ake omwe ankawakonda anali masewera a zisudzo, omwe "ojambula" anali zidole zopangidwa ndi matabwa omwe anali ndi zovala zovala. Mnyamata wa iwo anabwera ndi machitidwe atsopano ambiri. Koma Hans anaphunzira kulemba ndi kuwerengera zaka khumi zokha. Izi zisanachitike ndi nkhani yotsatirayi. Abambo ake atasiya kuphunzira kwa mkazi wamasiye yemwe anali ndi kachilomboka zaka zingapo m'mbuyo mwake, kuti mwanjira ina (monga zinali mwambo m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu) adamulanga ndi ndodo. Iye sanalolere zachiwawa. Hans, atatenga primer pansi pa mkono wake, pang'onopang'ono, mutu wake unakwera pamwamba, anasiya kosatha nyumba ya wozunzika.

Vuto linafika m'banja pamene Andersen anali ndi zaka 11, - bambo ake adafa mwadzidzidzi. Mwanayo amayenera kupita kukagwira ntchito kudyetsa banja lake: choyamba monga wophunzira ku fakitale ya nsalu, ndiye-chifukwa cha fodya.

Nkhani yowonjezereka ya Hans Christian Andersen imakhalanso ngati nthano. Monga momwe amayi ake adakumbukira pambuyo pake, wolemba zamatsenga pamaso pake, akulosera za tsogolo la mwana wake, adafotokoza za ulemerero, za chikumbutso m'moyo wake. Mwa njira inayake panafika masewera achidole mumzindawu amafunikira chojambula chojambula pamasewero kuti akhale ophunzitsa. Hans mosangalala anagwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu. Popereka zisudzo za kunyumba kunyumba zabwino Odense nyumba, adalembera kalata kalata yovomerezedwa ndi a koloneli kuti azindikire maloto ake oti akhale woyimba pa Royal Theatre. Atagula nsapato zake ndi ndalama, Andersen wa zaka 14 anapita ku Copenhagen. Amayi ake amulola kuti achoke, akuyembekeza kuti Posachedwa Hans abwerere, chifukwa mumzindawu munalibe achibale kapena anzawo. Atamuuza za izi, adafunsa funso lakuti: "Bwanji ukupita?" Mnyamatayo anayankha mosamalitsa komanso mokwanira kuti: "Kukhala wotchuka!"

Lotolo linakwaniritsidwa: poyamba pochita chifundo, komanso chifukwa cha mau a "masewero", mnyamatayo anavomerezedwa kuti akhale ndi maudindo. Pamene Hans adasanduka mnyamata, ndipo mawu ake "adathyoka", adakhumudwa - kuchotsedwa ku zisudzo chifukwa cha kusowa chiyembekezo. Koma adali atadziwika kale, chifukwa cha malingaliro odabwitsa. Wolemba ndakatulo, Ingemann, amadziwika bwino kwambiri pa talente ya Hans Christian Andersen - kuti udziwonere nokha ndikuwonetsa owerenga anu "mu ngale yamtunda". Mnyamata wina waluso anazindikira ndipo, mwa pempho lovomerezeka kwa Mfumu Frederick VI, anapatsidwa mwayi wophunzira maphunziro a boma. Tsopano Hans anali wodzala, atavala, ndipo panali denga pamwamba pa mutu wake. Koma mnyamata wosasangalatsa, yemwe analibe "abwenzi" nthawi zambiri ndi galamala, nthawi zonse ankatsutsidwa ndi aphunzitsi ndi anzake a m'kalasi omwe anali aang'ono kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Wolemba nkhaniyo adalemba ndi zolakwitsa pamaganizo ake mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake!

Mbiri ya Hans Christian Andersen monga mlembi imayamba zaka 25, atatha kufotokoza nkhani yosangalatsa yokhudza zizindikiro za mzake wachikondi pamene akuyenda mumtsinje. Patadutsa zaka ziwiri, kulandira mphoto yachifumu, Hans Christian Andersen amalandira mphamvu zambiri, akuyenda kudutsa ku Ulaya. Patadutsa zaka ziwiri, mu 1835, pomalizira pake analeka kuyesa masewera ndipo adayambitsa nkhani yake yoyamba.

A Danes adadabwa ndikudabwa. Ambiri anali osokonezeka: kodi munthu wamba angalenge bwanji chozizwitsa choterocho? Ndipotu nkhanizi zimangodziwikanso kwa Ole Lukoie, yemwe amatha kumva mawu a Chosowa Chokha, atenge maganizo a Pink Bush, akalankhule ndi Thumbelina pang'ono. Ulendo wachiwiri unalembedwa ndi iye zaka zitatu. Kwa mafunso a atolankhani za kumene akukonza ziwembu, Andersen nthawi zambiri anadabwa ndikufunsidwa ngati sakudziwa chilichonse. Pambuyo pa zonse, ngati mutayang'ana bwino ndikumvetsera, mpanda uliwonse, duwa lililonse limayesa kufotokoza nkhani yake. Pokhala wotchuka, wolembayo anayesera kubwerera njira ya woimba masewero. Komabe, kuyesera sikumubweretsere bwino. Mu 1845 adayambitsa gawo lachitatu la nkhaniyi.

Taganizirani, sizodabwitsa - munthu mmodzi yekha amapatsidwa mwayi wopanga fuko la dziko lonse ndikupereka mowolowa manja kudziko lakwawo? "Mfumukazi ya Chipale chofewa", "Mermaid yaing'ono", "Msilikali Wamphamvu Wamphamvu", "Thumbelina", "Princess Princess" imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.

Mbiri ya Hans Christian Andersen ndi moyo mu nthano. Pambuyo pa imfa yake mu 1875 pansi pa miyendo yake amzanga anapeza mapepala olembedwa ndi manja ndi nkhani yatsopano yamatsenga.

Chithunzi cha "Little Mermaid" chake chinakhala chizindikiro cha Denmark. Tsiku lake lobadwa, pa April 2, ndi International Children's Book Day.