Chiyambi cha Baikal. Nyanja Baikal pa mapu. Age Baikal beseni

Magwero a nyanja Baikal tectonic. Inkakhala ku Siberia; Ndi kuya mu dziko. Nyanja ndi madera onse ozungulira ndi anthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndithu ndi wapadera wa nyama ndi zomera. Choona chidwi ndi boma latsopano la Russia, Baykal wotchedwa nyanja.

Pa nthawi, pali mikangano za angati kwenikweni zaka dziwe. Monga ulamuliro, zonse kutsatira chimango Zaka miliyoni 25-35. Komabe, za kuwerengetsera zolondola pali zokambirana. "Moyo" ndi nyanjayo ndi uncharacteristic kwambiri, monga ulamuliro, Lakes onse dambo patapita zaka 10-15 zikwi aliko.

General mudziwe Hrs

Nyanja ya Baikal ili pakati pa Asia, umachokera ku chakumadzulo kumpoto chakumadzulo. M'litali - 620 Km, osachepera m'lifupi - 24 Km, ndi pazipita - 79 Km. Gombe akutambasula 2 zikwi. Km. Nyanja beseni wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri ndi m'mapiri. Kugombe la kumadzulo kwa mtundu phompho miyala. Mu nyanja kum'mawa ndi lathyathyathya.

thupi ili ya madzi akuya mu dziko. General Nyanja Baikal dera 31 chikwi. ^Km2. Wapakati akuya posungira - mamita 744. Chifukwa chakuti maganizo ndi pa 1 zikwi. M m'munsimu mlingo wa World Ocean chigwa cha nyanja ndi imodzi mwa kwambiri kwambiri.

madzi mphamvu - 23 zikwi makilomita ^{3 ..} Mwa nyanja ya Baikal panambala mu chithunzi ichi. Iye chivomereza ndi ya Caspian, koma kusiyana ndi kuti madzi yamasika mchere. Choona chidwi n'chakuti mosungiramo ali wambirimbiri madzi kuposa dongosolo lonse la Wamkulu Lakes.

Mu XIX chinapezeka kuti 336 kugwa mu madzi nyanja umayenda. Pa nthawi, palibe kanjedza yeniyeni, ndi asayansi zonse wotchedwa deta chosiyana, kuchokera 544 mpaka 1120.

Nyengo ndi nyanja madzi

Nyanja Baikal kufotokoza kumatithandiza kuzindikira kuti madzi posungira muli zambiri mpweya, mchere zokwanira (particulate ndi kusungunuka) ndi zosafunika organic.

Chifukwa madzi apa ndi ozizira kwambiri nyengo. Chilimwe kutentha zigawo musalumphe madigiri 9, osachepera - madigiri 15. Zinali kutentha apamwamba madigiri 23 ena kumalo.

Pamene madzi ndi buluu (monga ulamuliro, izo zimakhala ngati m'chaka), tikuona pansi pa nyanja, ngati kuya Panthawi imeneyi musalumphe mamita 40. M'chilimwe ndi autumn pigment kuti mitundu madzi akamaphwera, ndi chilungamo amakhala osachepera (osapitirira 10 m). Salt komanso ang'ono, choncho angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati madzi otchezedwa.

yozizira koopsa

Amaundana-mmwamba akupitiriza kuyambira chiyambi cha January ndi khumi zoyambirira za March. Ice anaphimba nkhope yonse ya dziwe, kupatula zomwe zili hangar lapansi. Kuchokera June kuti September ndi Baikal kutsegula kwa navigation.

Ice makulidwe kawirikawiri sakhala upambana mamita 2. Pamene pali katundu frosts, ayezi ming'alu unagawanika mu zidutswa zingapo zazikulu. Monga ulamuliro, mipata zimachitika m'madera amodzimodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo limodzi ndi phokoso mokweza kwambiri kuti akukumbutsa akatemera kapena bingu. Nyanja Baikal vuto si bwino kwathunthu, koma izi ndi zofunika. Chifukwa ming'alu nsomba siumafa, chifukwa madzi olemera ndi oxygen. Chifukwa chakuti ayezi akudutsa dzuŵa mu algae madzi kukula bwino.

Magwero a nyanja Baikal

Mafunso za chiyambi cha Baikal komabe alibe yankho lachindunji, ndi asayansi kutsutsana pa izo. Tsopano pali umboni wakuti gombe panopa osati zaka zoposa 8 zikwi, ndi mosungiramo lokha kumeneko yaitali.

Akatswiri ena amavomereza kuti chiyambi cha Nyanja ya Baikal chifukwa pamaso pa chobvala plume, winayo - ndi kusandutsa vuto zone, ndi wachitatu - ndi kugunda kwa mbale Eurasian. Mu thupi ili la madzi akadali kusintha chifukwa zivomezi zonse.

Ndithudi kokha amadziwika kuti maganizo, amene ali Nyanja Baikal - kugaŵikana. matabwa ake ndi ofanana ndi dongosolo la Nyanja Yakufa.

Chiyambi cha ku chigwa cha nyanja Baikal anali mu nthawi Mesozoic. Komabe, ena ali ndi maganizo kuti izo zinachitika zaka 25 miliyoni zapitazo. Popeza mosungiramo ali mabeseni angapo, iwo amasiyana nthawi ya mapangidwe ndi dongosolo. Panopa zikamera wa chimaposa latsopano. Chifukwa cha chivomezi chachikulu pansi madzi atachoka pa chilumbacho ndipo gawo laling'ono la Bay unapangidwa. Mu 1959, chifukwa cha tsoka pansi chilengedwe cha posungira ali kubwera mamita angapo pansi.

Pansi nthawi zonse zikuchitika subsoil Kutentha, izo kwambiri ndi chiyambi cha ku chigwa cha Baikal. Awa ndi ziwembu za dziko ndi kuthekera pokweza matanthwe a pansi padziko, aphwanya kuti deform. Ambiri mwina, zoterezi anali molimba mapangidwe m'mapiri yozungulira mosungiramo lonse. Pa nthawi, matendawa, tectonic anazungulira Baikal kwa pafupifupi onse mbali.

Ambiri odziwika chakuti chaka chilichonse gombe la nyanja kutali Chrixitu pa masentimita 2-3. Chiyambi cha Nyanja ya Baikal zimakhudza ntchito zivomerezi m'deralo. Tsopano m'dera mosungiramo palibe kuphulika, koma ntchito chiphala akadali pano.

Relief nyanja anayamba osakwanitsa zaka ayezi. Mu ena moraines anati kuzikhulupirira. The mosungiramo anagwa apezeka kukula mamita mpaka 120. N'zotheka ndi mfundo imeneyi, kuti chiyambi cha Baikal Nyanja wakhala kugwirizana ndi kusungunuka kwa floes ayezi. Koma ife tikudziwa motsimikiza kuti dziwe kwa nthawi yaitali si ataphimbidwa ndi ayezi, kupanga moyo mwa ilo lili.

Biota

Baikal wolemera nsomba ndi zomera. Kuli mitundu 2000 nyama zam'madzi. Ambiri a iwo - ali kuderako, ndiye, iwo sangakhoze moyo yekha mu nkhokwe ili. Chotero ambiri okhala nyanja chifukwa chakuti madzi okwanira mpweya okhutira. Nthawi zambiri pali nkhanu epishura. Iwo mbali yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa Baikal monga kugwira ntchito fyuluta.

Magawo a kuphunzira ndi kuthetsa wa nyanza

Malinga ndi zikalata, amene anapezeka chifukwa cha anayendera Baikal, m'zaka za m'ma XII m'dera pafupi anthu Buryats. Iwo ayambe katswiri gombe kumadzulo, atabwera Transbaikalia. midzi Russian anaonekera kokha m'zaka XVIII.

The zinthu zachilengedwe

Baikal ali ndi zachilengedwe wapadera. Mu 1999, malamulo a boma amene amateteza thupi la madzi Atengedwa. Anaika ulamuliro umenewu, asaaonerera pa ntchito zonse za munthu. Nyanja Baikal mavuto kugwirizana ndi kudula mitengo, imene imawakhudza chilengedwe. Anthu nawo zinthu zimenezi, azikalangidwa mwa lamulo.

Chiyambi cha dzina

funso limeneli adakali bwinobwino, ndi n'kuŵerengera asayansi, ndi osiyana kwambiri. Panthawi pali zoposa khumi kufotokoza ndi kungolota. Ena zochokera lomwe ali chiyambi cha dzina la chinenero Turkic (Bai-Kul), ena - Mongolian (Bagan, komanso Baigal wotchedwa Dalai). Anthu amene ankakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja, anamutcha dzina lakuti njira chosiyana: Lamu, Beihai, Beigang Nuur.

Ndi Baikal akhoza anafika ku mbali. Monga ulamuliro, alendo kukauona mu Severobaikalsk ndi Irkutsk ndi Ulan-Ude.

A makilomita ochepa ku Irkutsk Listvyanka inali - pafupi dziwe m'mudzimo. Ndi iye amene amatsogolera chiwerengero cha alendo. Kodi mungathere tchuthi wanu mwachangu ndi zochita zambiri amasirira kukongola la nyanja.

Pa kufupi ndi gombe la nyanja ya Baikal ndi Khakusy achisangalalo. Komanso, mungapeze kudutsa chikhalidwe.