Mbiri ya zikamera wa ajebura ndi chitukuko

Mbiri ya zikamera wa ajebura inayambira kalekale. Mwachionekere, chikuoneka amayambidwa chifukwa ndi zokhudza woyamba ndi zina zakuthambo mawerengedwe mulimonse ntchito manambala zachilengedwe ndi ntchito masamu. Mbiri ya zikamera wa ajebura anatsimikizira ofanana matepi apachiyambi, anapeza mwa zitsanzo yolembera otukuka oyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, Aigupto ndi Ababulo kale ankadziwa kuthetsa maikwezhoni yosavuta digiri yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, quadratic maikwezhoni. Koma mawerengedwe awo anali mosamalitsa othandiza. Mbiri ya zikamera wa ajebura monga sayansi ongolankhula, zikutibweretsa ife ku Greece wakale. Ndi apa m'zaka IV zikuchokera woyamba, ndilo phunziro mwachindunji mavuto umboni algebraic. Ilo linali lonena za Diophantus woganiza. Pakhala pali atafotokoza ndi algebraic axiom losavuta: ulamuliro wa zizindikiro (opanda kuti opanda - kuphatikiza, ndi zina zotero) zitsanzo za ntchito mwachilungamo zovuta kuphunzira madigiri n'zosangalatsa kumva, polankhula zokhudza chiphunzitso cha manambala , ndi zina zotero. Mwatsoka, ili ndi ntchito yokhayo imene chatifika kuyambira kale, imvi, ndipo ngakhale ndiye osati mu zonse.

masamu Arab

Ndi kugwa mitundu wakale ndipo anataya zambiri mwa zinthu zake pozunzidwa mwankhanza ya anthu wakunja. Kuphatikizapo mbiri ya ajebura kaye kukula mu mitundu European pa Zakachikwi lonse. Pa VII m'ma pakati pa m'ndandanda wa sayansi ndi masamu, ndi mankhwala makamaka, ndi Muslim East. Kwenikweni, mawu akuti "ajebura" amakhulupirira lero, lachokera ku lonena Arab katswiri Al-Khwarizmi "Al Jabo Al mukaballa," amene anamasuliridwa kuti "chiphunzitso ubale, permutations ndi zochita." N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dzina la masamu, akatswiri ena amapeza ndi etymology la mawu akuti "aligorivimu". Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma dziko Arab kwa zaka zambiri kumakhaladi chabwino wa sayansi. Komabe, Amlowam'malo East zikuoneka anadalira ena kupindula Greek. Mulimonsemo, amadziwika kuti amadziwa ntchito za masamu wakale. Pa dzanja limodzi, Asilamu kwenikweni kulandira ulemu kupulumutsa dziko wakale cholowa algebraic, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, kwa zaka zambiri, iwo chinachititsa kuti wa sayansi wa atulukira zofunika latsopano. Iye anaphunzira masamu, koma si bwino.

Masamu ndi mitundu ina,

N'zochititsa chidwi mbiri ya zikamera wa ajebura si Europe ndi amene amakumana ndi chitukuko ake Arab. Choncho, zotsatira kwambiri kukwaniritsa izi sayansi Indian masamu. Makamaka, iwo anayambitsa maganizo "ziro" lomwe kenako anapeza dziko Arab ku Ulaya ndipo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asayansi. The Chinese ntchito paokha kwathunthu, kuyambira pa chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino, taphunzira kuthetsa maikwezhoni a mlingo woyamba. Iwo ankadziwika manambala zopanda chilungamo komanso zoipa.

Europe akubwerera utsogoleri

Linasokonekera mbiri ya ajebura ikugunda chopita akuyamba kachiwiri mu masiku ano. Choyamba zikuchokera pambuyo lonena za Diophantus anaona ntchito ya wamalonda Italy Leonardo, amene anakomana ndi masamu ndi ajebura, oyendayenda kum'mawa. Kukula mwapang'onopang'ono feudalism, ndipo pamodzi nacho scholasticism mpingo ndi dogmatism, unhurried mayendedwe a bizinesi ndi kufunafuna atulukira Kupititsa zinachititsa kuti chitsitsimutso nthambi zonse za sayansi pa dziko lapansi. Ndipo pambuyo angapo zaka zambiri, Europe ndi ayamba patsogolo mu sayansi ndi luso mawonedwe dera.