Crimea, kapena Eastern, nkhondo

October 16, 1853 Russian nkhondo anatsimikizidwa ya Turkey. Mu historiography zoweta analowa ngati Crimea, ndi kumadzulo chikudziwika ngati East nkhondo.

Mliri wa Nkhondo

Kumayambiriro a November ndi squadron Russian mu Sinop Bay bwinobwino n'kuwononga mbali yofunika kwambiri Turkey Naval Zikuchititsa. Fifitini zombo Turkey, komanso kuchichepetsa zida zankhondo m'mphepete mwa nyanja batire linathyoka. Kaya East nkhondo yokha amgwirizano mkangano Russia ndi Turkey, wopambana adzakhala zoonekeratu. Komabe, Ottoman Porte anali ogwirizana yoopsa - France ndi England. Last, ngati inu kulankhula molunjika, anali maganizo awo pa gawo Turkey, monga dziko ochuluka kukhala yozungulira theka-njuchi a limati lalikulu la Ulaya. Zimene kwa adani analibe kudikira nthawi yaitali. Mwamsanga December ya chaka chino, squadron Franco-British anali pa gombe la Crimea ndi kum'mawa nkhondo analowa gawo ake yogwira. Monga mbali ya anagwirizana asilikali anali nainte zombo onyamula zipangizo zatsopano za nthawi. England, kenako France anali mayiko woyamba European akutulukira ku mafakitale, amene sakhoza anati kwa akaidi m'nyengo ang'onoang'ono a Russian Ufumu. Pofuna kulola anagwirizana zombo kumtunda asilikali mu Sevastopol, mu Bay mumzinda mu September 1854, sitima asanu ndi awiri kumizidwa, zotsalira zimene sankaloledwa kutseka kufikako gombe. Iwo anayamba kuzinga yaitali mzinda, amene wakhala chochitika chachikulu cha nkhondo. mzinda anatengedwa pa mtengo wa awiri mbali zonse yekha kwa mwezi akhumi wa asilikali, mu September 1855.

Yachiwiri mkanganowo

Komabe, atagwa Sevastopol East nkhondo izo siinamalizidwe. A chinthu winanso wa Anglo-French chimadalira unali mzinda wa Nikolaev, pa nthawi zakale waukulu m'munsi mwa Black Sea zombo, malo ake ndi ambiri mafakitale shipbuilding, malo ndi zida zankhondo mu zogona gawo. Kulola Nikolaev zingatanthauze imfa pafupifupi lathunthu la Russia mwayi kukumanizana otsutsa nyanja ndi koposa zonse, imfa ya onse mwayi kwa Black Sea gombe. Kale mu zoyambirira za September 1855 kuzungulira mzindawo anayamba kumanga mopupuluma za malinga kudziikira kumbuyo. Nditafika pa zochitika Mfumu Alexander II (by njira, anakhala mfumu kusanachitike, ngakhale pa khalidwe la nkhondo). Nikolaev anagwirizana anachoka. Yesetsani kuchita kumudzi uyu anali kucitika mwa squadrons British ndi French mu October 1855. Iwo zinawonongedwa Kinburn linga Ochakov anatengedwa ndi Dnieper-Bug estuary. Komabe, kubwera kwa mdani inaima m'dera Voloska kumulavulira volleys wamphamvu zida zankhondo. Kum'mawa Crimea nkhondo anasamukira ku gawo la stagnation.

Kusainira a dziko ndi zotsatira zake

Mukamaliza zokambirana yaitali, panganoli mtendere Mukalowa mu Paris. Ngakhale chitetezo cha Nikolaev bwino, Eastern Nkhondo ya 1853-1856 anali momvetsa chisoni anataya. Mu mawu a choncho mtendere ndi Russia, ndi Turkey wakhala yoletsedwa ku zombo panyanja, komanso limaletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa m'munsi panyanja pa gombe. Nyanja Black anatchedwa ndale poyera kuti zombo wamalonda a mitundu yonse, amene adali, kumene yopindulitsa makampani Western malonda aona kupeza misika yatsopano. Crimea nkhondo anasonyeza kulephera kwa ufumu nkhondo ndi chuma. Bwino zinafika kuyatsa kukufunikira kusintha zikuluzikulu mu dziko. A chotsatira chenicheni cha kugonjetsedwa uyu anali chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ndi kusintha zinthu zina umoyo ndi zachuma a 1860s lapansi.