Zilandiridwenso A. N. Ostrovskogo waima pa chopunthira cha sewero dziko lathu. Fonvizin, Griboyedov ndi Gogol anayamba chilengedwe lalikulu Russian zisudzo. Mkubwela kwa masewero Ostrovsky, ndi maluwa luntha ndi luso lake sewero wauka kwa ro. Nzosadabwitsa wotsutsa Odoyevski mwaonapo kuti Ostrovsky mabuku Russian tabadwa 3 la sewero: "Oaf", "Tsoka kwa nzeru" ndi "Inspector". Play "zinatha" Iye adayitana chachinayi wakuti ndi otsiriza chosowacho wapangodya umene adzakhala anamangidwira omveka "nyumba" ya zisudzo Russian.
Kuchokera "zinatha" kuti "Mavuto"
Inde, ali ndi sewero lanthabwala "anthu Ake - awerengedwa" (dzina lachiwiri la "zinatha") akuyamba kutchuka lonse Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, Wolemba wina, ogwirizana zilandiridwenso ndi mwaluso redesigned miyambo yabwino "mwachibadwa" kusukulu - pa umoyo maganizo ndi satirical. Khalani "Columbus Zamoskvorechye," iye anaulura kwa dziko ndigwira osadziwika stratum moyo Russian - limatanthauzanji ndi amalonda zazing'ono bourgeoisie zazing'ono, zomwe anamuzindikira anawulula, lowala amphamvu otchulidwa bwino ndi wachisoni nkhanza chenicheni cha dziko wa kugula ndi kugulitsa, chinyengo, kusowa kwa zikhumbo mkulu ndi zolinga . Izi zinachitika mu 1849. Ndipo wolemba wake waukulu woyamba kusewera akulongosola chikunena mtundu wapadera wa munthu amene iye amaoneka mobwerezabwereza, kuchokera Samson Silych Big Tito Titych Bruskova ku "Mu chachilendo phwando matsire," ndiyeno Marfe Ignatevne Kabanovoy ndi Savely Prokopievich Wild ku "The Mphepo" - mtundu wa wankhanza otchedwa molondola kwambiri ndipo bwino ndipo anapita, chifukwa Wolemba wina, mu zolankhula zathu tsiku ndi tsiku moyo. Mu gulu ili yabwino kwa anthu amene kwathunthu linaphwanya logic ndi khalidwe, mchikhalidwe koyenela wa coexistence anthu. "Samodurov Russian moyo" wotchedwa wotsutsa Dobrolyubov Wild ndi Kabaniha woimira "mdima Ufumu" "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky a.
Nkhanza monga umoyo-typological chodabwitsa
Tiyeni tione zodabwitsazi kwambiri. Chifukwa pali olamulira ankhanza zazing'ono pakati pa anthu a? Choyamba ku kuzindikira mwini zonse ndipo mtheradi mphamvu yake, kukhazikika wathunthu wa zofuna ndi maganizo a anthu ena osati zawo, timafuna kulangidwa ndi kupanda kukana ya akuvutika. Choncho imasonyezedwa ndi "mdima kumwamba" mu Ostrovsky "Chifunga". Wildlife ndi Kabanova - olemera anthu a m'tauni yaing'ono Kalinov, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Volga. Ndalama zimawathandiza kumva tanthauzo lenileni ndi kufunika. Iwo kuwapatsa mphamvu ndi - woyang'anira banja lake, pa zachilendo, penapake amadalira anthu awa, ndi zina - pa maganizo a anthu mu mzinda. "Mdima Ufumu" Ostrovsky a "Mvula ya Mkuntho" mantha chifukwa chakuti iye udzaononga kapena mangles mawonetseredwe pang'ono za matchalitchi, mumaganiza aliyense ufulu ndi ufulu. Nkhanza - mbali pepala la ukapolo. Mofanana, izo amaipitsa ndi "ambuye wa moyo" onse, ndi onse amene atama pa iwo, chiphe mpweya wawo timathawa onse muzochitika za moyo pagulu mu Russia. N'chifukwa chake, ndi tanthauzo Dobrolyubova "ufumu wamdima" mu "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky ndi n'chimodzimodzi ndi nkhanza.
nkhondo sewero
Ndi kumvetsa zozama za zoona, wolemba anatha kuwonetsera kwambiri ndi zofunika kwa iye. Mu chisanadze kusintha 1859 iye anali pansi kuganiza ndi ulendo pamodzi Volga mu 1856-1857. amalenga play, anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa ntchito zake bwino - sewero "Mvula ya Mkuntho". Kodi chidwi: chabe mwezi sewerolo itatha, Kostroma zinthu zinachitika monga nkhani kubereka ntchito zolembalemba. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Monga mmene ndendende Ndikumva ndi ndikulingalira Alexander nkhondo ndi mmene mosapita amasonyeza "mdima Ufumu" kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho".
Ostrovsky sikuli chabe monga nkhondo yaikulu anasankha kutsutsana chachikulu cha moyo Russian - Mkangano pakati pa mfundo ndiwofatsa, zochokera m'miyambo ya makolo akale anapanga zaka zambiri ndi zochokera unquestioned ulamuliro, makhalidwe, ndi malamulo oletsa pa dzanja limodzi, ndi pa zina - chiyambi cha wopanduka, kulenga ndi moyo , chosowa cha munthu kuswa olakwika, kupita patsogolo mwauzimu. Chifukwa zakuthengo ndi Kabaniha kutchula za "mdima Ufumu" kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho". Ostrovsky momveka bwino kuti pang'ono ustupnichestvo iye connivance ndi acquiescence basi kunditumiza ku Mulingo wa amathandiza anthu.
Nzeru za "ufumu wamdima"
Kuchokera mizere loyambirira la sewerolo mu chikumbumtima chathu anayamba mbali ziwiri: danga ufulu wa Volga, vistas zodabwitsa, M'maso lonse ndipo lina, pamabwera m'mlengalenga unakhuthala kuyembekezera zopweteka ena zodabwitsa ndi ludzu watsopano. Abale oimira "ufumu wamdima" mu "Mphepo" kusewera mantha cataclysms za chilengedwe, kuona ngati kusonyezedwa kwa mkwiyo wa Mulungu ndi chilango m'tsogolo chifukwa cha machimo - zolaula ndi kungoganiza. Izi akubwereza nthawi zonse Marfa, kumatikumbutsabe ndi Wildlife. Pa pempho Kuligina ndalama kwa pomanga ndodo mphezi nzika izo limanenela: "Mvula ya Mkuntho de A anapatsidwa chilango, ndipo, kotero-ndi-wakuti, Ambuye ndikufuna chitetezo chimodzi." ndemanga ikusonyeza kuti nzeru za chimene chimatsatira oimira "Ufumu mdima" mu "Mphepo" kusewera: simungathe kukana kuti anapambana kwa zaka zambiri, sitingachite motsutsana ndi chifuniro kapena chilango chochokera kumwamba, odzichepetsa ndiponso ogonjera kukhalabe mfundo koyenela nthawi yathu. N'zochititsa chidwi okha akulu olamulira ankhanza zazing'ono Kalinov osati amakhulupilira kuti ino, komanso kuti icho chokha.
Prude pansi pa amati ndi ukoma
"Mdima Ufumu" kusewera ndi A. N. Ostrovskogo "The Mphepo" ndi ambiri amaganiza. Koma mizati ya mu malo oyamba m'tchire, ndipo Kabanov. Marfa, mkazi portly wamalonda a mbuye wa nyumba, kuseri kwa mpanda mkulu misozi wosaoneka kuthira zimachitika manyazi tsiku ndi tsiku ulemu kwa anthu ndi ufulu wosankha, lotchedwa mu sewerolo bwino - ndi prude. About iye akuti: "opemphetsa akugawana chikondi, kupita ku tchalitchi, anabatizidwa ndi mtima wonse ndi zoweta kudya kudya, anola ngati dzimbiri chitsulo." malamulo kunja amakedzana iye ayesera kusunga zonse, ngakhale makamaka kusamala za amanena mumtima. Kabaniha amadziwa kuti wamng'ono ayenera kumvera mkulu amafuna kumvera padziko akhungu. Pamene ife adagawana, Catherine Tikhon asananyamuke, mkaziyo kugwada pa mapazi a mwamuna wake ndi mwana - mkazi wake malamulo okhwima khalidwe lake. Pali ndi "Amayi silimadzitsutsa" ndi "Musati muziyang'ana pa anyamata 'ndi ena ambiri' mafuno abwino." Ndipo anthu onse amene analipo zimadziŵa zinthu farcical, Bodza ake. Marfa Only zimakondwerera mu cholinga chake. A mbali yofunika kwambiri tsoka la Katerina komanso ankaimba amasokoneza khalidwe la mwana wake, akuwononga moyo wabanja lake, moyo wa kuzunza kwambiri kukhonda Catherine kupanga sitepe fateful ku gombe la Volga kuphompho.
Lagona pa udindo wa chilamulo
"Mdima Ufumu" sewero A. N. Ostrovskogo "Mvula ya Mkuntho" - nkhanza pamwamba maonekedwe ake. Katerina, Poyerekeza moyo mu banja lake ndi banja mwamuna wake, amaona kuti kusiyana zofunika: kuno zonse zikuwoneka "mu ukapolo." Ndipo izo nzoona. Mwina kumvera malamulo zauchigaŵenga masewera, kapena inu kufufuta ufa. Kuligin momveka kuti makhalidwe mu "nkhanza." Amene ali wolemera, akuyesera kuti akapolo osauka kuwonjezera makobidi awo boma. Yemweyo Wild swagger pa amadalira iye, Boris: "Kodi kukondweretsa ine, kotero ndidzakupatsa cholowa!" Koma chonde wankhanza zazing'ono n'zosathekadi, ndi tsogolo la anthu osauka Boris ndi mlongo wake anakonzeratu. Adzakhala manyazi ndi kunyozedwa, opanda mphamvu ndi chitetezo. Kodi pali njira yotulukira? Ndi: kunama, ayizembe, ngati n'zotheka. Chomwechonso mlongo Tikhon - Varvara. Ake makhalidwe abwino ndi losavuta: kuchita zimene mukufuna, ngati palibe wina anaona, onse "sewn kotero Leka" anali. Pamene Katerina zinthu zimene sangaone dissemble, wosanamayo, Barbara limatiuza anangoti: "Ine sindikudziwa motani, koma muyenera kukhala - anaphunzira!"
Lopotana, Barbara ndi ena
Ndipo umene akuimira akuvutika chifukwa cha "ufumu wamdima" ndi A. N. Ostrovskogo sewero "Mvula ya Mkuntho"? Awa ndi anthu ndi moyo wosweka, miyoyo wolumala, ziwalo makhalidwe dziko. The Tikhon chomwecho mwachibadwa wokoma mtima, wodekha munthu. Yankhanza mayi anapha iye zoyamba za chifuniro chake. Iye sangakhoze kutikakamiza ake, sakupirira, ndipo supeza kumacheza ndi kumwa. Kuthandiza mkazi, kutenga mbali ake, kuti adziteteze Kabanovskiy umasinthasintha kupitirira iye, nayenso. Mosonkhezeredwa ndi mayi ake, akuwombera Katherine, ngakhale bondo. Imfa ya mkazi amakhala kuti awonetsedwe poyera mlandu mayi, koma zikuonekeratu kuti mofulumira kwambiri lama fuyusi idzapita ndipo zonse sizinasinthe.
Ndithu chinthu china khalidwe lina mwamuna - Vanya Kudryash. Kuti mawu ake sali kukwera, likubwezera aliyense ndiponso "shrill" Wild sakutero m'munsi roughness. Komabe, khalidwe ndi owonongedwa mochititsa mphamvu ya "ufumu wamdima". Lopotana - buku la Wild, koma sanabadwe adalowa mphamvu, osati zamaterevshego. M'kupita kwa nthawi, adzakhala woyenera mbuye wake. Barbara, anakhala wabodza komanso kulekerera kuvutitsidwa wa mayi, kenako akuthawa kwawo. Mabodza kukhala chikhalidwe chake chachiwiri, choncho heroine ndi amatichititsa chisoni ndi chifundo chathu. Wamanyazi Kuligin kawirikawiri angayerekeze kudzitchinjiriza pamaso pa anthu ankhanza cheeky "ufumu wamdima". Ndipotu, palibe wina koma Catherine, inunso, mwa njira, munthuyo alibe kuuma yokwanira ndiwo "ufumu" Vuto.
Chifukwa Catherine?
The ngwazi yekha ntchito, wina amamvera mtima makhalidwe ndikutsutsa moyo ndi miyambo ya "ufumu wamdima" mu sewerolo A. N. Ostrovskogo "Mvula ya Mkuntho" ndi Katerina. mwachibadwa ake, kudzipereka, otentha impulsiveness, anauzira sikuloledwa kupirira nkhanza ndi chiwawa, kuvomereza nthawi malinga kuyambira zodyera domostroevskih. Katherine akufuna kukonda, kusangalala ndi moyo, kuona mmene zachilengedwe, kukhala omasuka dziko. Monga mbalame, iye akufuna kutsika pansi, ku ziwalo za moyo ndi Wawomba kudzulu. Iye ali wa chipembedzo, koma osati mu Kabanovskiy. Khalidwe lake m'mbali akuswa awiri mkangano ntchito kwa mwamuna wake, chikondi cha Boris ndi kuzindikira ochimwa pamaso pa Mulungu. Ndipo zonse izi kwambiri oona mtima, mwa kuya kwa mtima. Inde, Katherine ndi kapolo wa "ufumu wa mdima". Komabe, iye anatha kuthyola maunyolo wake. Kugwedezeka kwa zaka zakubadwa maziko. Ndipo ndinatha mwachindunji linanena bungwe la ena - imfa yake osati, koma Zionetsero konse.