Milungu Scandinavia: Heimdal, Hermod Olimba Mtima Bakuman, Volund, Aegir, Utgard-Loki, Thor, Odin. Norse nthano

Scandinavia ali kale amatchedwa gawo lalikulu limene lili kumpoto kwa Ulaya, ndipo kuphatikizapo Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, komanso chiwerengero cha zilumba chifupi naye. mbali mbiri ya chitukuko analenga mtundu wa chitukuko, limodzi la nkhope anakhala mythmaking, Makhalidwe amene nawonso, anali pachiyambi ndi wapadera milungu Denmark. Opanda mantha ndi kufika, iwo anali m'njira zina zofanana ndi Scandinavia okha.

Kodi iwo anadza ku dziko lapansi?

Milungu ya nthano Norse, mndandanda muli mayina a m'nkhaniyi, zochepa zodziwika bwino kuposa anzawo a ku Iguputo ndi Greek, ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe cha mafuko akale Germany. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za iwo anapulumuka makamaka malemba wa zipilala ziwiri mabuku akale. Izi ndi "Mkulu Edda" - magulu andakatulo, munali Old Chiayisilandiki songs, komanso "Edda" - chilengedwe cha Chiayisilandiki wolemba Snorri Sturluson za m'ma XII.

Komanso zikhulupiriro zopeka anadziwika kwa ntchito za akale Chidanishi mbiri Saxo Grammaticus, amene adayitana "Machitidwe Danes." Ndi chidwi kuti mmodzi wa omumvera ake onse anali maziko a Shakespeare "Hamlet", amene analembedwa zaka zinayi pambuyo pake.

Kutembenukira kwa nzika za nthano aliyense, kaya iwo anabadwa Scandinavia, Greece ndi Egypt, tisaiwale kuti kwa zaka iwo mobwerezabwereza zakhala lolembedwa kuti lero zivute zitani kumabweretsa zosiyanasiyana zitengere kusiyana ndi zotsutsana. Choncho musadabwe pamene zinthu zofanana ndi kuchita milungu Masewerera a Nordic amafotokozedwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu njira zosiyanasiyana.

Scandinavia buku la zosayembekezereka ya dziko

Waukulu m'maganizo Norse nthano utoto akuimira mu izo, chithunzi cha kubadwa kwa dziko. Malinga ndi epic akale, iwo onse anayamba yaikulu wakuda phompho mbali imodzi imene Ufumu wa ayezi - Niflheim, ndi pa moto zina - muspelheim.

Ndi Ufumu wa ayezi anapitiriza chiyambi 12 ulusi, umene yomweyo chisanu, koma popeza iwo anali kumenyedwa nthawi zonse, midadada ayezi pang'onopang'ono kuyandikira malo a moto. Pamene zinthu ziwiri izi kwathunthu anayamba, ndiye nsakali wothira ayezi wophwanyidwa anabadwa chimphona Ymir ndi yemweyo kukula ng'ombe dzina lake auðumbla.

Zotsatirazi limafotokoza zinthu zina zimene zosaneneka. Malinga ndi "Mkulu Edda", kamodzi chimphona Ymir wokongola thukuta, zomwe sizodabwitsa chifukwa ufumu anali pafupi moto, padali zimphona awiri a thukuta lake - mwamuna ndi mkazi. Ndikanati komabe nzabwino, koma akupitirira kunena kuti mwendo umodzi wa anaima ndipo anabala mwana wina. Popeza n'kovuta kuyerekeza, ife mopepuka, popanda kupita mwatsatanetsatane.

Koma ng'ombe auðumbla, ndiye iye anali ndi udindo waukulu pa nthano Denmark. Choyamba, iye anadyetsa mkaka Ymir ndi amene anachokera kwa iye modabwitsa. Roswitha anali kudyetsedwa ndi chakuti adanyambita mchere kutali miyala. Kachiwiri, kuchokera kutentha kwa lilime lake anabadwa wina waukulu kwambiri, dzina lake Mphepo. Choncho anaonekera pa anthu oyamba a dziko lapansi, amene ndiye milungu anabadwa Scandinavia, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, ndipo anthu.

Asa Vanir ndi ena otchulidwa lanthano

Amadziwika kuti onse milungu Scandinavia yaimuna ndi anagawidwa m'magulu angapo, waukulu pakati adali aces, motsogoleredwa ndi mtsogoleri wawo ndi dzina la munthu. Moyo iwo anali yapafupi ndi wopambana zonse anali kulowa nkhondo ndi mamembala ena a gulu Norse.

Ambiri vuto iwo anabweretsa Vanir - gulu la milungu ya chonde, amati umwini wa dziko, koma wamenya ndi zimphona-jötunn, komanso ndi atumiki atumiki. Ndipo ndithu, mphalapala aipsa aces magazi wamkazi milungu - disy, Norns ndi Valkyries.

Mmodzi wa mitu yaikulu ya nthano Norse ndi nkhondo pakati pa Aesir ndi Vanir. Iwo anayamba ndi chakuti Vanir, kukhumudwa chifukwa chakuti anthu nyimbo zake ulemerero iwo, ndipo aces, ndituma iwo kudziko lapansi (anawatcha Midgard) Gulveyg zoipa Wanyanga. Chifukwa unali wagolidi, ndiye, malinga kuwerengetsera wa Vanir, maonekedwe ake anali kuwononga makhalidwe a anthu ofesedwa mwa mitima yawo dyera ndi kudzikonda. Asa kupewa, ndipo anapha mfiti. Izi nayamba nkhondo imene milungu Masewerera a Nordic anali kuyesa kudzikakamizira kuthetsa nkhani ya ukulu. Popeza palibe m'modzi mwa magulu sanathe kupeza bwino pakati pawo mapeto kanazunguliridwa dziko, ananamizira ndi nzeru Anagwiranso.

Mulungu wamkulu wa Aesir

Mtsogoleri ndi atate aces anali wamkulu mulungu Odin. Nthano Scandinavia izo limafanana ndi chiwerengero cha makhalidwe. Iye ankayimiridwa ngati mfumu ndiponso wansembe, Ula connoisseur wa runes, kalonga wamatsenga ndi, kuwonjezera, mulungu Scandinavia a nkhondo ndi kupambana. Mulungu Odin ankaopedwa monga woyang'anira za apamwamba a asilikali komanso wogonjetsa wa Valkyries (za iwo ayankhidwa m'munsimu). Iwo umayendetsedwa ndi Valhalla - nyumba yachifumu kumwamba, kumene mosangalala kumwamba whiled kosatha wagwa ngwazi ankhondo.

Mmodzi otchulidwa mawonekedwe a munthu-eyed, koma zonse akulu mphamvu. diso lake chosowacho anapereka kamodzi chimphona Mimir chifukwa chakuti analola kuti amwe madzi gwero kutetezedwa nzeru zawo. Laudable ludzu chidziwitso, ambiri, wakhala yodziwika ndi Odin. Mwachitsanzo, kamodzi, kumvetsa mphamvu ya akaidi runes wakale - akale Germany kulemba, iye anavomera yekha nsembe, ndipo anapachikidwa pa masiku 9, kukhomedwa mkondo mtengo mwiniyo.

Mwa makhalidwe ena a Odin, mu nthano zonse tiwerenga luso thupi lanyama. Kawirikawiri, iye amayendayenda mu dziko lapansi amati ndi munthu wachikulire, atavala malaya buluu ndipo ankaona chipewa. Anzake zonse ali mimbulu awiri ndi akhwangwala. Koma nthawi zina munthu akhoza kuyatsa mlendo ndi osauka, kapena wonyansa nyenyezi yaing'ono. Mulimonsemo, tsoka kwa iye amene, kupondereza malamulo a alendo, adzakhala ndi kutseka zitseko za nyumba yake.

ana a Odin

Mwana wa Odin anali mulungu Heimdall, amene ankaona Mtetezi wa mtengo m'dzikoli. Nthawi zambiri anamufanizira amati ndi wankhondo, lipenga mu nyanga golide. Malinga ndi nthano, ichi ndi mmene ndilengeza kuyandikira kwa mapeto a dziko ndi kusonkhanitsa milungu yonse mu nkhondo yomaliza ndi mphamvu za mdima. Heimdall amakhala ku nyumba lowoneka wotchedwa Himinborg, kutanthauza "mapiri wakumwamba". Malowa ali pamtunda pafupi mlatho zikugwirizana kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi.

Chodziwika ndi mwana wina wa Odin - wina chimanjamanja mulungu Bakuman, ndiye chimake zogonjetsa. manja ake anasowa Komabe, nkhondo. kumuvulaza wosauka uyo anali kuyesera kuti tiyambe matsenga unyolo chimphona nkhandwe dzina lake Fenrir. Kamodzi chinjoka chimenechi zambiri wosalakwa mwana wagalu anatengedwa aces m'dziko lawo la Asgard. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Bakuman adakula kukhala amphamvu ndi mwamakani chilombo kuti terrifies mabwenzi.

Ziribe kanthu momwe izo anayesa kuti alimbikire milungu, nthawi iliyonse iye anagwetsera unyolo mosavuta. Pomaliza, anadza kuthandiza elves kuti alimbikire unyolo zamatsenga masitepe phokoso nyamayi, mbalame malovu, nsomba kupuma ndi mizu phiri. Unakhalabe okha kuponyera nkhandwe. Kutsimikizira chirombo, pakalibe zolinga zoipa, mulungu Bakuman anaika dzanja lake mu pakamwa pake, kuti alumidwa kutali, mwamsanga pamene Fenrir anazindikira kuti anagwira mochenjera. Kuyambira pamenepo, mulungu zogonjetsa Raziel adani chimodzi chokha yosala dzanja.

Mulungu, ankalota maloto oipa

Tikumbukenso kuti mulungu Balder Chokongola masika - pamene aliyense anamutcha kuti okongola kwambiri, komanso anali mwana wa Odin, amene anachitira wamkazi wamkulu Frigg aces. Imafotokoza kuti iye ina anali ndi mayi ake kuti anthu ambiri amakonda kuona maloto oipa. Kuteteza mwana wake, Frigg analumbira kwa madzi, moto, achipongwe zitsulo, matabwa, miyala, ziphe, matenda, nyama ndi mbalame, kuti iwo si chifukwa vuto lililonse. Chifukwa, mulungu wa kasupe anakhala invulnerable.

Podziwa ichi, milungu ina chifukwa cha zosangalatsa anaponya miyala, mikondo ndi mivi, osati okwiya Balder. Ndipo za ndale zawo zonyansa zatha zoipa kwambiri. Mulungu kuchenjerera Loki anyenga kupeza kuchokera ku Frigga kuti pa nthawi ina sanatenge lumbiro ndi mistletoe - chitsamba, nthawi kuti sadzachitanso anatuluka lapansi.

Masuku pamutu musanyalanyaze ake, wonyenga Loki anang'amba nthambi ya zomera, ndipo n'kuuika m'manja a chikhalidwe akhungu a mulungu tsoka Hoda, anakakamizika kuponya mu kanjira pafupi Balder. ndodo pachimake anamulasa wamng'ono wokongola munthu, ndipo anafa, kukhala mumsampha wa Ufumu wa akufa ndi mkulu wa m'khutu mfiti Hel.

Pafupi mulungu chapamwamba cha aces kawirikawiri ankafotokozedwa ena otchuka lanthano khalidwe - Hermod Olimba Mtima. Iye anali mtumiki wa Odin mu dziko la akufa, kumene adali kugula kunja wolamulira mwana wake - mulungu Baldur masika. Izi cholinga chabwino wabweretsa Hermod kutchuka, ngakhale kuti tili pa ntchito walephera chifukwa cha machenjerero a wotsatira wa mulungu yemweyo kuchenjera ndi chinyengo Loki.

Mpikisano mu chinyumba Utgarde

Tikumbukenso kuti ndale za woba ndi wakuba zambiri inaipitsa dzina la Dzina lake - ndithu olemekezeka ndi kulemekezedwa Ace Utgard Loki, wotchuka chifukwa chakuti mu chinyumba wake makolo a Utgard kamodzi Mpikisano zachilendo kwambiri amagwiritsidwa. Za iwo akuuza "Edda". Limafotokoza, makamaka ngati mmodzi wa alendo wake - mulungu wa mabingu ndi mikuntho Thor, kutentha kwa chilakolako masewera anali atayambana ndi choipa akale mkazi Elli, ophatikizapo ndi ukalamba, ndi mnzako wake Loki - mulungu yemweyo wabodza, mpikisano kuposa ndi moto kwambiri .

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa onse anali kufuna kupita patsogolo pa m'deralo wamba Tyalfi kuthamanga liwiro ndinaganiza mwini nyumba yachifumu. Ngakhale kuti ndi mulungu wa mabingu, kapena mabwenzi ake adakomana popanda phindu, chikondwererocho opambana. Pa izo apangidwe kenako kwambiri nyimbo. Zilibe kusokoneza kuona ngakhale chakuti moto, ndi akale mkazi Elli, ndi mwini wa Utgard Loki wokongola kunamizidwa, n'kulandira.

Female mulungu wa Scandinavians wakale

Mwachindunji zokhudzana Odin kuti Valkyrie, mwini zomwe (monga ena magwero - bambo), iye anali. Malingana ndi nthano Scandinavia, wankhondo namwali atakhala pa akavalo zouluka, analenjekeka yosaoneka pa minda nkhondo. Tumizani mmodzi, anatola m'dziko la asilikali akufa, kenako amati ndi nyumba yachifumu ya kumwamba ya Valhalla. Pali iwo anayembekezera pa iwo, kufalitsa matebulo uchi. Nthawi zina Valkyries anapatsidwanso ufulu wosankha zotsatira za nkhondo, ndi ambiri ankakonda asirikali (kuphedwa, kumene) kuti okondedwa awo.

Kuwonjezera pa Valkyries, mbali wamkazi wa gulu komanso anali Norns - mfiti atatu, anapatsidwa mphatso ya clairvoyance. Iwo anali kuchichita mosabvuta ndi kulosera tsogolo la anthu osati ndi milungu, komanso dziko lonse lapansi. Ankakhala ku dziko, izi Kudesnitsa Midgard kumene kuli anthu. ntchito yawo yaikulu inali kwa kuthirira dziko mtengo Yggdrasil, umoyo amadalira moyo wautali wa umunthu.

gulu lina la okhalamo zauzimu za dziko wakale anali disy. Kumvera masiyanidwe a chikhalidwe akazi, ndi Atetezi kwa anthu, magulu osagwirizana iwo. Pakati pa Germany cholowa chikhalidwe, limene mbali, monga tatchulazi, ndi Norse nthano, anapulumuka kuziwerenga imene disam mphamvu kuti muli alimbane a magulu ankhondo ndi kusankha zotsatira za nkhondo.

golide tsitsi wamkazi

Kuwonjezera oimira mbali wamkazi wa gulu la amene tinakambirana pamwambawa, kuliganizira ndi wamkazi Sif, mkazi wa mulungu wa namondwe ndi bingu Thor. Monga patroness wobereketsa dona uyu, kokha wolephera kukongola kwa mulungu wa chikondi, Freya, iye anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa tsitsi lake zapadera golide, mbiri ya zomwe kuliganizira wapadera.

kukongola wina wa Seti anapanga chinyengo mulungu Loki ndi kudzazidwa ndi nsanje ya mwamuna wake Torah. Kulanda mphindi, pamene izo sizinali kunyumba, Loki anaba mu chipinda chogona kuti mkazi wake kugona ndi ... ayi, ayi, musanganize kena kalikonse - iye basi anameta izo dazi. Komabe, kutaya mtima zinthu osauka sinathe, ndi mwamuna okwiya anali wokonzeka kupha bugger, koma analumbira kuti akonze zinthu.

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Loki anapita dwarves wosula akukhala dreamland, ndipo anawauza zimene zinachitikazo. Anthu anadzipereka mosangalala kuthandiza, kusonyeza luso lawo. Dwarves linapanga kwa Seti tsitsi la golide woyenga bwino, kuwapanga modabwitsa yaitali, woonda ndi fluffy, ali chuma yomweyo kutsatira mutu ndi kuyang'ana ngati chinthu chenicheni. Kotero mulungu wamkazi Sif anakhala mwiniwake wa tsitsi golide.

Gods - ambuye wa kunyanja

nthumwi wina wanzeru wa gulu Scandinavia ndi Mbuye wa nyanja Aegir. Akukhulupirira kuti Aegir akuimira koposa zonse, bata ndi wopambana nyanja, umboni ndi khalidwe lake. Iye anali wochereza, akalola mwamantha alendo ndiponso ndiye kuti ndikawaone kunyumba. Ambuye wa kunyanja nthawi yamtendere, ndipo konse nawo milandu, ndipo makamaka mu nkhondo. Komabe, ambiri akuti akale "kulowa mano Aegir" kukhala ndi phindu - kumira, amanena kuti nthawi zina yodziwika ndi mphindi mtima.

Tikumbukenso kuti chiwerengero cha magwero monga wolamulira wa nyanja adzaitana mulungu wina Norse - Njord, ndipo makhalidwe kuti wabata ndi wochezeka mwachibadwa, pamene Aegir ankafotokozedwa wosokoneza malo m'madzi komanso mlengi wa mikuntho amene akuvutitsa ndi opulumutsa zombo masautso kuti Njord. N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa zimenezi chitsanzo chimodzi kusiyana ndi kuti chikanachitika mu epics Scandinavia m'nthawi zakale.

Smith, amene anapanga mapiko

Mu gulu Scandinavia, ndipo panali mulungu wa wosula ndi dzina la Volund. Ichi ndi wolimbikira ntchito epic khalidwe pafupifupi mitundu ya anthu Germany. Chilango zinali zovuta mwamphamvu m'njira yakeyake. Monga mmodzi wa ana atatu a Mfumu Chifinishi (Wolamulira Wamkulu), iye kuperewera anakhala ntchito za manja awo. Mu banja, munthu n'zoonekeratu sizinatheke. Wokondedwa mkazi Hervor - namwali, nthawi zina amatenga mawonekedwe a tsekwe, iye anamusiya, kusiya kokha mphete ukwati. Akudwala kulekana nkhawa, Volund 700 wosula Zobwerezedwa wake.

Koma izi sinathe ndifotokoze mavuto ake. Tsiku lina kugona mulungu-wosula anagwidwa ndi Swedish Mfumu Nidudom. woipa amene amabweretsa si yekha akumanidwa ufulu mbuye, koma wolumala, kusiya moyo wonse limp. Mukhale Volund m'kaidi-mfumu anakakamizika iye amagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku, kulipira yekha chida, ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali mkazi wake wamkazi. Only mwangozi ndi kuchenjerera wake mkaidi anakwanitsa amasulidwe awo.

Imafotokoza kuti tsiku lina mu ndende kuti Volund anabwera Niduda ana amene ankafuna, monga atate wake, kuti malupanga a opanga wake. Kugwiritsa makokedwe wosula adawapha, ndiye kupanga zikho ku zigaza za wondituma atate awo, ndi zina zodula kuchokera kwa diso kwa mfumukazi, ndi zokometsera zomanga mano kwa kalonga. Pamwamba pa izo kuti akope mosatekeseka mtsikana, iye anagwiriridwa ake. Kubwezera kotero pikulu yekha, mulungu-wosula inawuluka kuchokamo pa mapiko a iwo wokha.

nthawi yatsopano - otchulidwa latsopano

Ndi kufala kwa Chikristu Scandinavia akale nthano milungu onse akhala akukonza ndi kusintha zina, natenga mawonekedwe a oyera, kapena, ambiri, mbisoweka. Anasintha kupitirira kuzindikira ndi Volund, kusandulika kwa Mulungu khalidwe ziwanda. Ichi ndi chifukwa, koposa zonse, kwa ntchito yake. Amadziwika kuti kalelo kuti blacksmiths ndi ankapatsidwa wina kukayikitsa magawo, anasonyeza kuti iwo kulankhula ndi mizimu yoipa.

Nzosadabwitsa ndiye, kuti Goethe, pang'ono kusintha dzina, anawapatsa khalidwe lake la Mephistopheles pachithunzi mmodzi wa tsoka "Faust", anayambitsa yekha monga Woland. Mu wanzeru German anapeza anabwereka Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, moyo imeneyi mu "Master ndi Margarita" ndipo Volund akadali kupereka moyo watsopano mwa mawonekedwe a katswiri wa matsenga Woland.

A yaing'ono mndandanda wa milungu Masewerera a Nordic, omwe sali m'gulu taphunzira:

• Bragi - mwana wa Odin.
• Vidar - mulungu wa nkhondo.
• Hoenir - mbale wa Odin.
• Forseti - mwana Balder.
• Fulla - wamkazi wa zochuluka.
• Air - mulungu wa machiritso.
• Karlovna - wamkazi wa Mercy.
• Ver - mulungu wa nzeru.
• Jord - mulungu wa dziko lapansi.
• Skadi - ndi patroness za kusaka.
• Ullr - mulungu wa kusaka ndi.