Bastille lero inextricably kugwirizana ndi French kuukira boma. Patapita chaka ndi Bastille chinali chiyambi cha kusintha epochal mu dziko. Ndipo ngakhale osati France, koma mu Europe. Koma amene anatenga Bastille? Chifukwa kunali kofunika kwambiri ndi zimene chochitika ndi zophweka?
prerequisites zisinthe
Akatswiri ambiri a mbiri, kuphunzira kapena kuti zochitika kunachitika, nthawi zonse Pofuna kuzindikira miyeso iwiri zifukwa: phindu la magulu ena chikhalidwe mu dziko ndi zinthu mwamsanga, amene amaloledwa kugwira kutembenuka. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII France anali mafumu mtheradi, kumene mphamvu ya mfumu zinali zochokera kwambiri malamulo zida boma. Komabe, dongosolo zimenezi zikupezekabe mwapang'onopang'ono poyamba atumwi theka chapitacho, chifukwa nthawi anasonyeza mu cholowa ndi kusanduka anachita. Development wa mfundo za Choonadi cha nthawi, makamaka mfundo za mgwirizano chikhalidwe ndi wa mavoti ku nyumba aphungu, mavuto pakati pa mfumu ndi anthu apamwamba, ndi anthu apamwamba ndi bourgeoisie, anthu wamba ndi magulu onse chapamwamba, yokumba zambiri tima. Komanso, anapezeka kuti otchedwa Old boma okha anathandiza kuti afotokoze zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo England. zochitika chosintha wangotchulidwa mavuto aphungu a dzikoli 1787 ndi 1789, chifukwa cha zofuna za chuma Chachitatu (ie m'munsi) ufulu waukulu ndale (kwa iwo nkhani 96% ya anthu). Ulendo wa mfumu kupasuka kwa Assembly Constituent mwalamulo anapezerapo kayendedwe ka misa.
Amene anatenga Bastille? Ndipo chifukwa kunali kofunika?
kusiyana Misa ndi khamu la anthu anayamba July 12, 1789. Chipwirikiti anapitiriza Paris masiku awiri. The Bastille ndende ndale, kufanizira wachifumu boma nkhanza pa nthawi ndi iwo amene amadzinenera kulankhula wotsutsana ndi izo. Bastille ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za zisinthe - nkhondo yolimbana despotism monarchical. Komabe, amene anatenga Bastille, adali odabwa kwambiri. Pa nthawi imeneyi, akaidi minomwe basi anali mu ndende. Komabe, chofunika chinali chakuti za kugwa kwa linga imeneyi.
zotsatira zisinthe
Mu August 1789 izo Analeredwa ndi French Declaration of Human Rights ndi nzika za. Patapita zaka ziwiri, choyamba mu mbiri ya France (ndi wachinai mu mbiri ya Ulaya) wakhala linalowa nawo m'Pangano lamulo ladziko. Amanenera, ulimi mpaka 1794, pamene ikuchitika Thermidorian Chisoni, kwathetsa Jacobin kupondereza Maksimiliana Robespera, pa zina - mpaka 1799, pamene panali kulanda boma latsopano, zimene zinachititsa kuti mphamvu ya Napoleon Bonaparte. Mwatsoka, si nthawi zonse utasintha kuyambitsa zotsatira anafuna anthu. Ndipo si nthawi zonse zipatso ndi mphamvu galimoto. Choncho amene anatenga Bastille, ndipo sanalandira ankafuna. Kale zaka makumi anai zitachitika wabwezeretsedwa ku mpando wachifumu wa mafumu a Bourbons lapansi. Komabe, anthu a France (ndi kale lonse la Europe) zinachitikiranso bwino pochita zinthu ndi akuluakulu kukhululukidwa. Kenako French kuukira boma zinachitika kale mu 1848 ndi yafalikira lonse la Afrika. kayendedwe Izi kuyamba ndi Paris. Bastille nayenso anakhala chizindikiro chomwecho. Lero ndi tsiku kutenga m'ndende Olemekezedwa France monga kachisi dziko, ndi pa July 14, chikondwerero chaka chilichonse mu njira chachikulu, mofanana ndi chikondwerero cha Tsiku lokumbukira ufulu wodzilamulira.