Mipesa. Kodi kudzala mpesa? Kodi mpesa?

Imodzi mwa mbewu kwambiri kwambiri, akatswiri ndi wamaluwa ankachita masewera, kwa zaka mazana ambiri, akhala mphesa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu osati kwa kukoma kwake kodabwitsa, luso polenga vinyo kwambiri, komanso kuchiritsa katundu.

Anthu anatulukira njira zambiri ntchito mpesa: basketry, mipando, Miphika, mipanda, mafano munda, ndi zambiri.

Ikuimira mpesa

Fuko lirilonse amene ali ndi chikhulupiriro chake komanso miyambo, wodzazidwa ndi mipesa tanthauzo losiyana. Kwa ena, ndi chizindikiro cha kubereka, chilakolako, kutsitsimuka, moyo, ena - chizindikiro cha dyera, chinyengo ndi chinyengo, lachitatu kudzipereka akufa milungu.

Anasonyeza mpesa sizipezeka mu chikhristu. Mogwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro ichi, Khristu limaimira mpesa waukulu, ndipo otsatira ake onse ofanana ndi nthambi ya mphesa. Kufanana chomwecho m'chikhulupiriro umachitika pakati pa mpingo ndi okhulupirira ake.

Mu Chikatolika mphesa vinyo zimaimira mwazi wa Khristu, amagwirizana ndi izi mgonero chinsinsi, zimene zikusonyeza maphatikizidwe wauzimu ndi Mulungu.

Koma pakhala milandu ya mbiri vinyo zinali zoletsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, Asilamu amakhulupirira chizindikiro chakumwa cha tchimo la anthu.

Iwo wapeza malo ake pa mpesa, ndi zovala za manja a m'mayiko ambiri, amene zimayesetsa winemaking: Turkmenistan, Georgia ndi Moldova.

Kapangidwe ka mpesa

Komabe, mu nkhani palibe sibwino kunyalanyaza mfundo yakuti popanda chidziwitso cha Kapangidwe ka mpesa n'zosatheka kukula wathanzi, mphesa wokoma.

Kuti kukolola ayenera kuganizira kuti mphesa chiyenera kuchirikizidwa, chifukwa amanena kuti zomera liana ndi nthambi zoumbika mosiyanasiyana kukula.

Mipesa angathe kugawidwa mmagawo awiri:

1. Mbali mobisa. Amakhala mitundu 2 mizu. Pa kubalana mbewu mazira anapanga primal msana pa vegetative dilution - adventitious mizu. mizu Young ali tcheru kwambiri kupanda chinyontho, ndi pokhapokha Nkhata Bay minofu zophuka anaphimba chitetezo.
2. Pamwambapa nthaka mbali. Iwo kukula mofulumira ndipo amafuna kuvomerezedwa yokonza. Amakhala ndi mphesa zipatso ndi mfundo oloŵa m'malo mwa zofunika ndi fruiting. Nthambi za chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, yokutidwa matabwa pansi ndi masamba obiriwira ndi ting'onoting'ono ta. Inflorescence ndi maluwa anapanga pa zomera masika.

Mu axils masamba ndi mitundu itatu ya impso:

• Wintering.
• Pasynkova.
• Matalala masamba, imene ili pa muzu wa mpesa.

kubalana wa mphesa

Pa chulutsa mitundu mphesa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi nyengo, mitundu ndi kuswana cholinga.

1. Mbewu kafalitsidwe. Ngati zilibe kutsanzira ubwino wa mpesa kholo, chifukwa mu kusintha kwa kunja ndi kukoma. Fruiting amapezeka ndi zaka zochepa. Nthawi zambiri njira imeneyi obereketsa kubalana ntchito popanga mitundu yatsopano ya zomera kapena kupanga makhalidwe ena zofunikira ndi makhalidwe.
2. Ankalumikiza njira. A yabwino kwa wamaluwa, amalola zimafalitsidwa mipesa pansi kutentha otsika ndi yozizira koopsa kwa nthaka. Dzina lachiwiri la njira - ikuphukira. Kukhazikitsa ake ayenera Scion ya mbewu ndi chitsa mpesa ndi dongosolo labwino mizu. Pamaso kumezetsanitsa ndi Scion kumizidwa m'madzi kwa maola 4-5 kuti vymochki.
3. Wofalitsa ndi cuttings. Ambiri njira. Pali mitundu iwiri chachikulu, malingana ndi nyengo kukula:

• kukula cuttings m'nyengo yozizira, kudula kuchokera pamwamba pa mipesa m'dzinja;
• ophunzitsidwa mipesa mu kasupe anabzala mu nthaka lotseguka.

Yokonza cuttings mu makapu

Ife wamaluwa zambiri ntchito njira yokonza mbande mu makapu. Izi chiwembu kukula zosavuta ndipo sayambitsa mavuto ngakhale kwa amene amachita izo kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Kuti zimere mipesa mu makapu, muyenera: makapu 2 chizindikiro osiyana, dziko mtsinje mchenga ndi tsamba humus.

Mu kapu ndi pasadakhale zikuluzikulu chakwaniritsidwa pansi pa mabowo ladzala 2cm tsamba humus fetereza. Chikho cha kakang'ono (pansi truncate) anaika mkati lalikulu, ladzala ndi mtsinje mchenga, ndi kuzungulira - lapansi. Kenako, galasi ang'ono ndi kutsukidwa pakati pa mchenga mtsinje ndi kuzama kwa masentimita 4, amene anaikidwa mpukutu wa mpesa. danga onse pamwamba lalikulu galasi wodzazidwa ndi mchenga ndi madzi ambiri. Utakula anabzala mpesa m'chaka.

Kukula mbande mu mabotolo

Pakuti kulima mpesa mu botolo ayenera adzadulidwa kuchokera khosi chotengera ndi kupanga mabowo pansi. Choyamba, amalenga wosanjikiza ngalande, izo udzathiridwa 6-7 spoonfuls wa mix nthaka, obliquely aikidwa pambuyo kudula, ndiyeno pamwamba pa botolo steamed modzaza utuchi. Kuti masamba achinyamata Musataye chinyezi, chomera pamwamba yokutidwa ndi kapu pulasitiki.

Kutsirira ndi wolakalakika wakupatsa kudzera mphasa lapansi.

Cuttings okonzeka kutsika pamene mizu wamng'ono wa mpesa ziwoneka pa makoma a botolo.

malamulo kubzala

Pambuyo bwino mbande kukula ayenera kuti muganize momwe kudzala mphesa. Zimenezi zimafuna nthawi maphunziro yaitali, zomwe zikuphatikizapo kusankha malo a nthaka yeniyeniyo ndi mwachindunji chodzala ndondomeko.

Gawo chifukwa chodzala mu kugwa ayenera kukumba ndi manyowa. The dothi siziyenera kukhala pamwamba-hydrated mchere. Njira ankaona wakuda dothi kapena loam. Tiyeneranso kulabadira kuyatsa gawo, chifukwa chosowa kuwala kukhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe kukoma kwa mphesa.

Bwino kwambiri adzakhala chodzala mphesa m'chaka, pamene chisanu zidachoka. mbande Young anayikidwa mu maenje, pamene kuwatengera kunja muli, ayenera kuyesera kuti kuwononga mizu wosakhwima. Kuphimbira ndi peat ndi madzi ndi zonse masiku 2-3.

Masitepe a kupanga ziyangoyango

Asanalenge chitsamba akonze trellis. Iwo ayenera kupita ku kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto ndi zigwirizana wa thandizo ndi waya makulidwe a mamilimita 3. The zogwiriziza a mtundu uliwonse, zitsulo, matabwa kapena simenti, ndi zofunika kuika pa mtunda wa mamita 3-4 Chrixitu, ndi msinkhu wawo sayenera zosakwana 2.5 m. The waya ndi anakoka iliyonse masentimita 50.

Mogwirizana ndi mphesa amayamba okha chaka chachitatu mutabzala, mtengo wamphesa mapangidwe amapita tsatani mfundo izi:

1. The zomera choyamba. Nthawi wake kukula awiri bwino anayamba kuthawa. nthambi zosafunika ayenera kuchotsedwa akafika 2-5 masentimita m'litali, mwinamwake chitsamba adzakhala phindu, ndipo watopa. M'dzinja oyambirira, mphukira ali womangidwa kwa waya, koma pafupi pakati pa kuchita kudulira kusiya 3 masamba pa nthambi iliyonse. M'nyengo yozizira mbewu kusunga henna, utuchi kapena peat kuletsa yozizira koopsa, ndiyeno filimu kuthetsa chitsamba ku chinyezi kwambiri.
2. The zomera chachiwiri. Ntchito yaikulu pa stepi ino - mapangidwe mphukira 4 amene makulidwe ndi kugwa pa waya woyamba afike 7-8 mm. Kuchokera mphukira adzapitiriza anapanga chitsamba wamanja.
3. Chachitatu zomera. Aliyense wa manja 4 popangidwa ndi mipesa iwiri. Nkofunika pa siteji iyi kulamulira fruiting choyamba, kusiya kokha 1 gulu la 1-2 kuthawa.
4. zomera chachinayi. Nthawi ake afika chitsamba mphako maonekedwe. M'pofunika kugwira kuchotsa zosafunika ndi garter mphukira zobiriwira, komanso zonse fruiting. chiwerengero cha Magulu pa 1 Anapulumutsa sayenera kuposa mbewu choyamba.

Kulephera kutsatira chingandithandize kukula patsogolo mu chitsamba kukomoka ndi fruiting osauka.

Kuchiritsa katundu wa mipesa

Zifukwa mpesa kukula, chifukwa osati kulawa zipatso okha.

Kulima mphesa munthu inayamba mu M'badwo Stone, monga zigawo zake wapadera akhoza kudzitama mbali zonse za zomera:

• Peel chipatso ladzala ndi sera, mafuta n'kofunika, ndipo zosiyanasiyana utoto.
• Zipatso muli mapulotini, mapadi, hemicellulose, citric, tartaric acid malic.
• zipatso ndi wolemera mu mavitamini ndi magulu pakumwa folic acid B, C ndi P.
• Mphesa mbewu mu dongosolo ali mafuta mafuta, lecithin, vanillin, ndipo ngakhale asidi acetic.

Chithandizo cha mphesa afika dzina - Ampelotherapy. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti kuli ndi ubwino ndi mutu, kupweteka kwa mutu, kumatithandiza kuthetsa matenda otsekula m'mimba ndi kulimbana ndi khansara.

Koma, mwatsoka, osati aliyense limasonyeza osati mankhwala komanso ingestion ambiri zipatso izi.

kuluka mpesa

Anthu ndi chipiriro zokwanira, mpesa akhoza kubweretsa ndalama zambiri ndithu, kapena kungoti akhale ndi chidwi chizolowezi.

The zakuthupi kuti anthu anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuluka, zinali mpesa. Mu kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana kwa izo, chifukwa kusinthasintha wabwino ndi elasticity nthambi, n'zotheka kuti agwire chisanadze mankhwala zakuthupi.

The mankhwala wotchuka kwambiri wa mpesa zitsulo mtanga. nthambi mpesa zosiyanasiyana mtundu mtundu - bulauni kuti imvi ndi mphesa zam'tchire Komanso alinso ndi dongosolo chidwi amapereka mankhwala apadera.