Misika Financial. msika Financial ophunzira Russia

misika Financial - mabungwe opereka otaya ndalama pakati pa zipani: boma, makampani ndi mabizinezi. Cholinga chimodzi - kupereka ndalama kwa mavuto mu gawo weniweni, ena - likulu kuwonjezeka. Zambiri zimene ndi misika chuma, msika chuma ophunzira werenganibe.

Gawo

akhoza kugawidwa mogwirizana ndi cholinga pa m'misika:

• kuwombola yachilendo;
• ndalama;
• ngongole;
• mawu;
• chofunika;
• katundu.

gawo banki

Maziko a dongosolo lino ndi ndalama msika ndalama yochepa. Kupanga wotuluka, ophunzira anasinthanitsa zida madzi ndalama. zizindikiro zoyamba za msika amaweruza mlingo chiopsezo. gawo ili amadalira kwambiri mfundo ndalama za mabanki ndi otsogolera Reserve Federal US. Ngati msika zinthu worsens, mabungwe ngongole kuganizira mavuto monga ziwawa ndi kukula pa ngongole mopepuka.

mabanki chapakati monga waukulu ophunzira msika chuma, ndi okhawo ufulu apereke banknotes, kudziunjikira nkhokwe, amayang'anira dziko lonse.

Apadera mabungwe ngongole kutumikira makasitomala kukwaniritsa inayake makampani kapena alendo ntchito.

mabanki Universal monga gulu misika chuma padziko lonse kupereka osiyanasiyana ntchito: CSC kukopa madipoziti, malonda ndi sitolo ya Bank ku Central, aganyali nazo.

Magulu ena zachuma ngongole (depository, ndalama penshioni, kampani ya inshuwalansi) kusonkhanitsa ndalama za anthu, kupereka ngongole kubweza, achite wotuluka ndi magawo ndi kumangidwa.

msika likulu

Apa ankachitira zida yaitali. Issuers nkhani kumangidwa pa misika ndalama. msika Financial ophunzira kupereka Chiyerekezo zodalirika wobwereka, chimene chimaoneka ndi Bank ku Central wa profitability. The ndalama anakweza akhoza kumwedwa osiyana Mwachitsanzo, ndalama za mapulogalamu ndalama. The apamwamba ngozi, ndi apamwamba mtengo wa ngongole. mabanki chapakati ungawonjeze chuma ndi kutsitsa chomangira zokolola. Ndi, zinthu wobwereka mwina kusintha kwa bwino pambuyo ndalama pa. A likulu anayamba imatengedwa kuti mbali yaikulu ya chuma pang'onopang'ono.

malonda akhalire

ntchito yake yaikulu - kukopa ndalama malonda. Masauzande makumimakumi anaika magawo ndi kugulitsa mbali ya kampani awo ndalama. Bank chapakati anagunda misika ndalama. msika Financial ophunzira mumayesto chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha bungwe, kusankha kugula kapena kugulitsa magawo.

Ndalama Zakunja

Mogwirizana kwa misika atatu ndalama ikuchitika pamaziko a Polankhula. Pakuti wotuluka ophunzira kugula ndalama ya dziko chuma chuma ziwembu zomwe Akuchita kuti aganyali nazo. Ngati Investor akufuna kuti aganyali mu nsinga za New Zealand, muyenera choyamba probresti New Zealand dollar.

dziko msika

Pali anagwira kudzikundikira ndalama zilipo pakati pa mayiko. Pa msika chachikulu pali kusokonekera likulu pakati pa ndalama ndi borrowers, pa sekondale - kusintha kwa eni.

Msika dziko lagawidwa ndi maiko akunja. Mu njira loyamba:

• anapereka ntchito wokhala ndalama dziko;
• sankakhala amene amapanga msika gulu ndalama, ndi ndalama zakunja.

zonse ntchito akutsatiridwa ndi nawo yokhazikika banki. Pansi fin.rynkom mayiko amatanthauza wotuluka yachilendo ndalama, omwe si nkhani boma lamulo mwachindunji. Mu banki gawo opaleshoni kutenga malo pakati pa mabungwe ngongole kupereka ngongole yochepa. msika Financial ophunzira akhoza nayenso ngongole ndi malonda a Bank wa Central. Kutenga ngongole zilipo monga yochepa (kwa miyezi 3) ndipo nthawi yaitali, pa mlingo akuyandama chidwi. Pamafunikanso mtengo wa kulera ndalama kwa wobwereka yeniyeni ndi masamba.

Ophunzira a msika chuma padziko lonse

Pa okwanira ndi kufunika mbali pali angongole, ndalama, boma intermediaries. Anthu amapanga ndalama zawo ku ndalama, omwe invests m'misika ndalama. msika Financial gulu pamaso pa njira yoyenera angakhale gwero la kukula kwa boma. Zimatulutsa masheya a mabungwe alamulo. Omumvera izi pa malo malamulo anawagawa ophunzira munthu ndi mafakitale. Mabizinezi simungakhoze basi tiyeni Bank ku Central, komanso kuti aganyali ndalama zawo mongoyembekezera ufulu.

boma ndi zambiri wobwereka, omwe amachokera ngongole ndalama kuchepekedwa bajeti. Komanso nthawi ntchito za. Mothandizidwa ndi malamulo, sukhala khalidwe la ophunzira ndi potsogolera chitukuko cha msika. Ngati pali zotsala ndalama, boma akhoza kukhala Investor, ndiye njira zopezera ndalama ku mabungwe ena malonda.

msika Financial ophunzira amakhalanso intermediaries imene ndalama ya anthu anatembenukira kwa ngongole, chomwe chimathandiza mabizinezi kuti kupeza ndalama.

osinthitsa

gulu izi mu misika ndalama mayiko nawo kuthandiza mu kukhazikitsa wotuluka m'mwamba kapena ntchito wothandizira, mwachitsanzo kuchita wotuluka m'malo awo kapena m'malo mwa kasitomala, koma pa ndalama zake. Iwo ntchito onse pa m'bungwe ndi pa kauntala msika. ziwongola dzanja zaogulitsa ndalama - ntchitoyi malipiro kuchokera wotuluka anamaliza. Kasitomala walembapo mgwirizano ndi chipani akatswiri omwe ikuti mitundu yonse ya malamulo. Pamaziko a chikalatachi, ndi wogula amachita ntchito pa msika, kusankha Bank zawo. Nthawi iliyonse kasitomala mwina suspend ntchito za mkhalapakati wa. wotuluka onse wogula ayenera awadziwitse kasitomala ndi mndandanda izo ndalama kuchokera kugulitsa masheya mwa mawu chinanena mu mpukutuwu. wotuluka onse amayenera kugonjera kulembetsa kuvomerezedwa.

bongo

msika ophunzira awa nawo wotuluka ndi zida ndalama pa chiopsezo chawo ndi view kupeza phindu. Bongo polengeza mtengo wa ntchito, ayambe kuchita ndikupeleka n'zosiyana ndi zinthu mwachindunji. ndalama zawo ndi kwaiye ku kusiyana pakati kugula ndi kugulitsa mitengo. Choncho, bongo ayenera kuwunika zinthu pa msika. Ziphatso zitha kutenga mabungwe alamulo. Pankhaniyi, limodzi ndi gulu Zingakhalenso kugulitsa, wogula, issuer, ndi Investor nchito. gulu kawirikawiri zikuphatikizapo:

• mabanki malonda;
• ndalama kampani;
• maziko;
• underwriters;
• kampani ya inshuwalansi;
• PF ndi mabungwe ena ngongole ndi ndalama.

Bongo kuchita ntchito zotsatirazi:

• popereka mauthenga a Bank ku Central wa nkhani;
• kukwaniritsa malamulo kasitomala;
• kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wa masheya msika;
• kuchepetsa ogula ndi ogulitsa.

osunga

Depository - Bank ku Central msika chuma ophunzira kuti kupereka chithandizo kwa yosungiramo, kulembetsa kwa katundu ufulu ndi gulu la ma sheya hoda Bank Central. mgwirizano A ndi wophunzira katswiri adzakhala ali zinthu zotsatirazi:

• mutu wa ndikupeleka - makonzedwe a zothandizira kusungiramo Bank ku Central kapena Kuzindikila ufulu;
• ndondomeko akupereka mauthenga za kutaya zikalata;
• tsiku lothera;
• dongosolo la malipiro a ntchito depository;
• periodicity Nkhani;
• ntchito ya depositary lapansi.

zolemba zonse zinalembedwa m'nkhani "m'ndende" wa kasitomala.

Registrars ndi eni Chipatso cha Bank mayina Central. Kuti kalembera, mudziwe yosungirako, kusintha kwa kaundula adzakhala mlandu. License kuchita zinthu zimenezi zitha kutenga mabungwe alamulo. The kaundula mndandanda wa Bank ku Central la eni, zimene zikusonyeza nambala mtengo ndime, magulu a zikalata za ma sheya hoda pa tsiku mwasankha. Mgwirizanowo zogwirira ntchito kwa amalipiritsa ndi kaundula umodzi. Koma mmodzi wina wa katswiri angatsogolere mindandanda si ochepa a issuers. Eni ndi zopalira wa Bank ku Central ayenera kupereka mfundo yake mu dongosolo mu kaundula. Ngati chiwerengero cha ma sheya hoda kuposa 500 kulemba chofukizira ayenera kukhala lalikulu apadera bungwe. The ntchito yaikulu ya ophunzira za - ndi makonzedwe yake ya lonena ndi kukhalabe nkhani za anthu eni ndi zopalira.

kuchotsa mabungwe

Izi gulu msika Russian ndalama kusonkhanitsa, kutsimikizira ndi mfundo zolondola pa nkhani Bank Central, kuchititsa wotuluka pakati pa mabungwe. Mu kwambiri ambiri tanthauzo Clearinghouse - ofesi apadera monga kubanki, akuchita ndalama kuthetsa pakati obetcha lapansi. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusakhulupirika kwa wotuluka kuchotsa makampani kupanga ndalama malo. Iwo analengedwa monga kampani. Pa ntchito ayenera kupeza chilolezo cha Bank wa Central. Ndalama opangidwa kuchokera mabungwe awa:

• amalipiritsa kulembetsa ntchito;
• Revenue kwa malonda awa;
• ndalama kuchokera akugwira ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo;
• phindu azipereke pa pulogalamu yake;
• ndalama zina.

nkhani zina

Mamembala awa SM ntchito ntchito wothandiza.

1. Self-zolimbana mabungwe - kulumikizana kwawo gulu malonda akhalire pofuna kuteteza zofuna za eni masheya.

2. Control - ophunzira a msika chuma, amene umagwira ntchito m'malo awo a Bank wa Central, ndalama chofukizira (kwa ndalama kwa nthawi zina).

3. Information mabungwe - mabungwe amene amapereka makasitomala ndi ntchito processing ndi kufalitsa nkhani msika pa nkhani sheya msika, mitengo panopa kuwombola, akalozera kwa yolemba Kafukufuku akavalidwe.

4. okonza malonda - ophunzira akatswiri a msika chuma, zomwe amachita ndi Bank wa Central. Iwo amapereka mfundo izi kuti chipani chilichonse chidwi:

• Malamulo a chikuonetseratu kuti malonda;
• Migwirizano ndi zokwaniritsa;
• malamulo ndi ndondomeko kalembera, kuphedwa kwa wotuluka;
• zofunikila pa mitengo;
• Ndondomeko kusintha ndandanda ya;
• mndandanda wa Bank ku Central anavomereza kuti malonda.

5. jobbers - alangizi pa nkhani RZB zinthu. Kukula ndi kapangidwe ka msika nthawi zonse kuwonjezera, ntchito ndi kobvuta. The depositories ndi ambiri issuers osiyana CB. Jobbers osati kuwunika khalidwe la magawo kale inakhazikitsa, komanso kuthandiza issuers kuika zikalata latsopano. Iwo amalangiza pa mwachidwi, mlingo malonda, kudziwa chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Boma zachuma, kupenda mfundo msonkho.