Mitengo ya dizi yapamadzi ndi kukonza kwawo. Mafuta a injini ya dizilo ya marine

Sitima za dizilo ndizo gwero la mphamvu zomwe zimayendetsa sitimayo. Kusinthasintha kwa kanyumba kameneko kumapititsidwa ku kachilomboka, komwe kuli ndi kuchepetsa, njira yovuta ya webusaiti komanso malo oyendetsa ndege, zomwe zimapereka mpata ku ngalawayo. Chombo chachikulu cha sitimayo, chomwe chimakula kwambiri chiyenera kukhazikitsa mphamvu zake, zomwe ziyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chotetezeka chimasungidwa. Ngati injini yaikulu ikulephera, kuyima kumayikidwa, chifukwa choyimitsa sitimayo yaikulu kapena chombo chodzaza katundu wambiri pakati pa nyanja m'nyanja yamkuntho ikufanana ndi imfa yake.

Kuyamba Kwambiri

Sitima za dizilo za sitima zinayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo zinadziwika kuti ndi zodalirika, zogwira mtima, komanso zofunika kwambiri, zigawo zogwirizana. Chombo choyamba ndi injini ya dizilo chinali Danish "Zeeland", yomwe inayamba mu 1912. Mitengo iwiri ya malita 200 inayikidwa m'ngalawayo. Ndi., Yonse yomwe inayambitsa kayendetsedwe kake. Kuwoneka kwa chotengera chokhala ndi njinga yamtengo wapatali kunapanga furor ndipo chinali chiyambi cha nthawi yatsopano yamagetsi a dizeli.

Kupititsa patsogolo magetsi a mphamvu ya dizilo mu Navy inayamba mofulumira pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Chiyembekezo chogwiritsira ntchito mobwerezabwereza ogulitsa osadzichepetsa chinali chowonekera, ndipo makampani ochuluka omanga makina padziko lonse adayamba kupanga. Monga momwe zimakhalira, pakukula kwa mafakitale ochuluka a mafakitale omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri, mpikisano wayamba. Zotsatira zake zinalipo kuti panagwiritsa ntchito mapulojekiti apadera, pakagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zamphamvu, zodalirika zoyendetsa sitimayo zinalengedwa.

Kuyika

Chomera cha dizilo m'chombo chachikulu chimakhala ndi injini imodzi yothandiza ndi zingapo zothandizira zomwe zimagwira ntchito zothandiza moyo wa ngalawayo. Izi ndi jenereta, mapampu, mpweya wabwino, compressors ndi njira zina zambiri.

Pazitsulo zazikulu za m'nyanja , magetsi angapo ndi othandizira angapangidwe. Magalimoto onse ndi dizilo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu la makina, fitters ndi engine engineers ndi akatswiri oyesa.

Kupitiliza

Mitengo ya dizi ya sitima imagawidwa mu zilonda zinayi ndi kupweteka kwapadera. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ndi kofunika. Njira yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito matendawa ikuphatikizidwa ndi ntchito yoyendetsa magetsi awiri kapena zikwapu zinayi za pistoni. Kuchita mwakhama kumachitika pokhapokha muyeso umodzi, otsala atatu.

Kuthamanga kamodzi kogwiritsa ntchito injini ziwiri kumachitidwa chimodzimodzi. Mfundo yowonjezereka ya kusakanikirana kosaka moto ndi kutsekedwa kwotsatizana apa ndi kosiyana. Muzitsulo pamakhala zowonongeka zowonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti zipinda zowonongeka zikhale zowonongeka ndipo motero, palibe chifukwa chokhalira kutentha mpweya kudzera m'magetsi. Chiwerengero cha miyendo yafupika kawiri kawiri.

Zina zosiyana

Palinso mndandanda molingana ndi msinkhu wa kuzungulira. Magalimoto otsika otsika - mpaka 150 rpm ndi mothamanga-othamanga motors - mpaka 600 rpm. Mitengo yapamwamba ya ziwiya zazikulu ndi zazikulu kwambiri sizipezeka chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, katundu wambiri komanso nthawi yochuluka yogwira ntchito.

Ma injini ya dizi ya marine ya kanyumba kakang'ono

Mabwato ang'onoang'ono, mabwato ndi sitima zam'mbali za mtsinje zimapangidwa, monga lamulo, ndi njinga imodzi. Mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo yoteroyo ikhoza kukhala yosiyana, malingana ndi cholinga chomwe chotengeracho chikufunira. Mabwato othamanga kwambiri ali ndi injini zamakina, ndi kuyenda, kuona malo ndi maulendo, magalimoto otsika otsika amaikidwa. Sitima zapamtunda zimakhala ndi magetsi awiri ogwira ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo yachiwiri zimayambitsidwa ngati pakufunikira.

Mitengo ya dizi ya marine ya ziwiya zazing'ono zimapangidwira kuti zitheke. Kawirikawiri amakhala ophatikizana komanso olemera, ndi moyo wapamwamba. Magalimoto otuluka kunja amakhala kafuta, chifukwa amatha kuthamanga mwamsanga.

Dizeli amachititsa ma injini

Kuti ntchito yoyendetsa sitimayo ipite patsogolo, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta (dizeli). Kuyenera kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatirazi:

• Nambala ya Octane;
• Kutsutsana kwa detonation;
• Nambala ya Cetane;
• Chigawo chophatikiza;
• Kukwanira kwa kuyaka, utsi wa utsi, poizoni;
• Kusadziwika ndi kuchulukitsa, monga chinthu chodziwika bwino kwa dongosolo;
• Zomwe zili zotsika kutentha, zogwira ntchito;
• Mlingo wa chiyero;
• Pulogalamu yofiira, kuchokera pa malo owona za chitetezo cha ntchito;
• Kukhalapo kwa mankhwala a sulufule, zitsulo ndi zowonongeka za hydrocarboni, monga zokopa za kapangidwe ka kaboni.

Chiwerengero cha Mafuta:

• Mayiko - FO, HFO, MGO, MDO, IFO 380, IFO 380LS;
• Chifaniziro cha Chirasha - L-62, SMT1, CMT2, F-5, DM, IFO 380;
• Russian muyezo wa tizigawo - otsika viscosity, sing'anga viscosity, mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kuwala, heavy.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ku Russia, zomwe zimayendera ubwino wa dizilo ya injini zamadzi:

• Chilimwe "L" - chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha pamwamba pa zero madigiri Celsius;
• Zima "Z" - zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kufika pa madigiri 20;
• Arctic "A" - kutentha kutsika madigiri 50 Celsius.
• Mafuta a m'nyanja otsika kwambiri omwe amapezeka m'madzi oterewa amapangidwa molingana ndi TU 38.10;
• Chizindikiro cha DM - gulu lapamwamba kwambiri pa sitima zazing'ono zotembenuza;
• Mafuta a mafuta a mafuta F-5 - opangidwa malinga ndi GOST 10-5-85; Mafuta a mafuta a mafuta F-30, F-180, F-380 - amapangidwa molingana ndi TU 0252-003-2905.

Mafuta a injini ya dizilo ya marine

Mafuta opangira sitima yowonjezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyendetsa ku injini zazikulu ndi zothandizira. Pamodzi ndi ntchito yaikulu, dongosololi liyenera kupereka:

• Kutengeka kwa mafuta mumatangi m'munsi ndi kusungirako;
• Kuyeretsa mafuta kuchokera kumayiko akunja ndi madzi;
• Ngati kuli kotheka, kuzizira kwa injini;
• Kupatukana kwa mafuta.

Kulandira mafuta kuchokera ku zipangizo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja kumapangidwa kudzera paipi ya sitima, yomwe yathyola kugwirizana kumbali zonse ziwiri. Zombo zonyamula anthu, phwando la mafuta likuchitika m'zipinda zogawanika. Mafuta omwe analandira amawasungira m'matangi omwe ali pansipa ndi matanki omwe amalumikizana. Matanki onse amaperekedwa ndi mapampu okupopera, zomwe zimagwirizanitsana wina ndi mzake, ngati sangathe kulephera. Ng'ombeyo isanayambe kuthawa, mafutawa amagawanika ndi kuyeretsedwa, kenako mafutawo amaponyedwa m'matangadza.

Makina opanga marine

Mafakitale a mphamvu za dizilo amapangidwa mochuluka chotero kuti n'zotheka kufufuza dzina lawo. Zida zamakono zopanga zida zazikulu za m'madzi ndi m'nyanja ndi:

• Sakani Dizeli (Croatia).
• Mitsubishi (Japan).
• Hyundai (South Korea).
• Lombardini Marine (Italy).
• Wartsila (Finland).

Chigawo chosiyana chimaphatikizapo injini ya diesel "YaMZ", yomwe imapangidwa ndi Yaroslavl Motor Plant. Mitundu ya dizeli "YAMZ" ya zombo zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka ndizomwe zimawonekera kwambiri ku makampani opanga zombo za ku Russia onse pa mtengo ndi khalidwe.

Kukonzekera kwa malo oyendetsa sitima

Injini iliyonse, yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, imayamba pang'onopang'ono kumangokhalira kukangana. Posakhalitsa, pakufunika kukonzanso kwakukulu kapena kwakukulu. Oyendetsa sitima amayesetsa kukonza malo, paokha. Komabe, izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse, chifukwa nthawi zambiri malo amdima amafunikanso zipangizo zamakono, komanso akatswiri oyenerera. Pankhaniyi, injini imachotsedwa ndi kutumizidwa kwa wopanga.

Kukonzekera kwa injini ya dizilo imatengera miyezi yambiri, sitimayo pankhaniyi ndi yopanda pake. Komabe, mwiniwake wa ngalawayo akhoza kukhala ndi injini yosungira, yomwe imayikidwa mmalo mwa kuchotsedwa. Kotero mutha kupewa kupezeka kwa nthawi yovuta, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Zimphona zazikulu

Zina mwa injini za sitima kumeneko ndizo zogulitsa. Chombo chachikulu kwambiri cha injini ya dizi ndi Wartsila-Sulzer-RTA96-C. Zapangidwa ku kampani ya ku Finnish. Chitsanzochi chakonzedwa poganizira multivariance, mzere umaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri. Kukonzekera injini yapamwambayi ikhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe 6 kapena 14. Chisankho chimapangidwa ndi kasitomala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanayambe ntchito.

Chimake chozungulira cha chimphona ichi ndi 960 mm. Mphamvu zamagetsi - malita 109,000. Ndi. Sitima yapamadzi yokhala ndi sitimayo yokhala ndi njinga yothamanga imayenda mofulumira makilomita 46 pa ora.