Mitundu ya necrosis, zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, mankhwala ndi kapewedwe

Madokotala amakonda kuthana ndi nkhani ngati necrosis. Mitundu, zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo cha matenda akhoza bwinobwino zimachitika gulu zogwirizana masiku mudziwe anthu. Ndipotu zizindikiro za necrosis a zimakhala ndi maselo chinayang'ana kwambiri anthu wamba. Ndipo nthawizina kungakhale Chifukwa ndondomeko kukhala amapha. Choncho, kuphunzira funso n'zomveka.

necrosis Kodi

Mawu amenewa akusonyeza maselo necrosis mu umunthu ndi womaliza kusiya ntchito zawo. luso Ie kukhala mu malo ena za thupi pambuyo ndondomeko necrotic ndi zosatheka.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya necrosis kuoneka chifukwa chikoka cha nzothandiza amphamvu kwambiri. Nthawi zina kuti okhumudwa amachititsa nzothandiza ofooka. Pankhaniyi, kanthu ayenera yaitali kuti kuwononga kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chitukuko pang'onopang'ono ayenera kutsogolera kusintha kusintha dystrophy sizingasinthe. ndondomeko wotero lagawidwa zinthu zingapo kiyi. Ndi za paranecrosis akasintha adakali kusintha, necrobiosis (kusintha sizingasinthe, koma maselo ndi moyo) ndipo necrosis, imene autolysis amapezeka.

Pansi autolysis ayenera kumvetsa mfundo wodzilamulira chimbudzi cha zimakhala ndi maselo anamwalira chifukwa zotsatira za michere ena. Ndipotu, ndondomeko izi ndi zofunika kwambiri m'thupi, chifukwa limachititsa kumaliza machiritso pambuyo necrosis.

Mmene zinthu zosiyanasiyana

Mwa kuphunzira nkhaniyi, kungakhale koyenera Atchule zimene kungachititse osiyanasiyana necrosis kuonekera. mndandanda uli motere:

- matenthedwe. Kutentha kugwa m'munsimu mlingo wa -10 ° C kapena kupyoza mlingo wa + 60 ° C.

- makina. Amaswa, kufinya, onongani.

- magazi. Iyi ndi kuchotsa kotunga magazi kuti mbali makamaka thupi chifukwa cha kufafaniza ya chotengera kapena kuphipha yaitali. chotengera akhozanso mwamphamvu kwambiri wothinikizidwa oyang'anira kapena watsekedwa ndi thrombus a. Sitingathe kukusalani mmene chotupa cha.

- Zamagetsi. Pa kukhudzana ndi mantha kwa thupi zingakhudze kutentha yovuta, amachititsa khungu necrosis.

- Otani. Mitundu ina ya necrosis ingayambe ndi kugwa kwa yaying'ono-zamoyo kapena zotsatira za mankhwala awo zinyalala.

- Neurogenic. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa msana makungwa mitsempha anapanga zilonda.

- Chemical. Gulu la zinthu kumaphatikizapo kuvumbula alkalis ndi zidulo. Choyamba kusungunuka mapulotini motero chifukwa chinyontho ukapita liquefactive necrosis. The chachiwiri chifukwa coagulation mapulotini ndi kutsogolera ku chitukuko cha youma coagulation necrosis.

Monga mmene taonera, zosiyanasiyana ziti zimene zimakhudza chikhalidwe cha maselo.

mitundu necrosis

Necrosis wa zimakhala ndi maselo angasonyeze m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo kusiyana zina yokulirapo. Pano pali mitundu yofala necrosis:

- chilonda. Izi necrosis a zimakhala amene anakumana ndi chilengedwe kunja. Zimakhala yowuma (coagulative necrosis) kapena yonyowa (kollikvatsionnoe minofu kuwonongedwa). Palinso mtundu gasi, chifukwa chikoka cha n'ngopatsirana n'kupanga tizilombo.

- Sequestration. Izi gawo necrotizing limene lili mu sekvestralnoy M'mimbamo wosiyana minofu wathanzi ndi mafinya odzazidwa.

- Mtima kuukira. Kuphunzira necrosis tanthauzo, mitundu ndi makhalidwe a matenda, mawonekedwe m'pofunika kulabadira ndithu. Ndi chiwalo kapena minofu malo, zomwe kakusintha necrosis chifukwa kutha mwadzidzidzi a kapezedwe magazi. Ndipotu, tikulankhula za ischemia. Pachifukwa ichi mChipangano necrosis ischemic.

- M'madzi, Aka kollikvatsionny. Okhumudwa sangathe liziyenda putrefactive mikroorgnizmami nsalu isungunuke.

- kuuma necrosis (coagulation). chitukuko zachokera minofu degidradatsiya ndi coagulation mapulotini. Okha mu mtundu uwu wa minofu necrosis kukhala wandiweyani, wamakwinya, atrophic ndi youma. fomu iyi ndi kovuta kuti pogawanikana pamawere hydrolytic ndi zambiri zimachitika m'mikhalidwe aseptic.

Direct ndi mosadziwika mitundu ya immobilization

Poganizira necrosis, zimayambitsa, zizindikiro zoyimira ndi zitsanzo za matenda ayenera kulabadira mawonetseredwe awiri a vutoli, kusiyana waukulu yafupika limagwirira wa zosayembekezereka.

The oyamba - ichi ndi necrosis mwachindunji. Pakuti ndondomeko imeneyi, khalidwe la selo imfa mwachindunji ku malo zotsatira kuwononga wothandizira. Izi zikhoza kukhala makina kapena mankhwala choipa, mmene cheza mphamvu, mabakiteriya ndi poizoni amatulutsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo necrosis matupi awo sagwirizana ndi kuwononga iwo amene chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi alkalis kwambiri yotayikitsa, zidulo.

Sitipereka necrosis zikuwoneka chosiyana. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi chakuti ndondomeko ya minofu ndi selo imfa angayambe mtunda wina pamalo sichikupindulitsani wothandizila amachita. N'chinthu chanzeru monga awa mitundu necrosis monga trofonevrotichesky ndi mtima.

Dziwani kuti ali aang'ono ndi ambiri maonekedwe a minofu mwachindunji kuwonongeka, chimene chayambitsa makamaka ndi chifuwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

mmene aputosisi

Izi mtundu chiwonongeko anasonyeza khungu ndi minofu. Iye ayenera kukhala wotsimikiza kulabadira, ngati cholinga ndi kuthana ndi chakuti necrosis amenewa. Aputosisi kulephera modes zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, amachoka padera chifukwa cha chiwembu ake zachilendo chitukuko. Mfundo yofunika ndi selo imfa amapezeka mu nkhani iyi chifukwa cha kutsegula mu phata la majini yeniyeni. Ndipotu, pali kudzipha ake. Pali salinso ndi funso amene amadza ku chiwonongeko analinganiza ndi thupi.

Chifukwa likhale la jini apoptotic ndi kutsegula kwa cytoplasmic mapuloteni p53, okhoza kuti azolowere zosiyanasiyana zinthu, extracellular chilengedwe. Mowiriza zofanana ndondomeko kungakhale pa rearrangements osiyana mutational mbewu.

Kuyambira necrosis ochiritsira aputosisi amakhala mu ndondomeko zowononga amayamba msanga phata khungu, ndipo kenako okha wotetezedwa imfa cytoplasmic. Mu chakale mawonekedwe sakhalapo: ndi cytoplasm - gawo loyamba la kuwonongeka, ndi ngale - womaliza.

Kusiyana kwina wotsika chakuti pa aputosisi kupha maselo payekha thupi lonse, pamene necrosis wamba kumaphatikizapo cholinga chachikulu cha chiwonongeko.

diagnostics

Information zimenezi vuto ngati necrosis (mitundu siteji, zotsatira), idzamupindulira chogwirika ngati immobilization maselo kapena minofu sichidzaululika nthawi. Choncho, kuchokera matenda akatswiri a tsoka wodwalayo kwakukulukulu zimatengera.

Ngati pali zifukwa akuganiza necrosis ziwalo mkati, mitundu zotsatirazi kafukufuku ayenera kuti azitsatiridwa:

- X-ray;

- Kujambula;

- radioisotope chindodo;

- yopangidwa tomography.

Ndi njira zimenezi n'zotheka kufotokoza kukula yeniyeni ndi malo a m'dera. mosamala amenewa akhoza kukonza kusintha oopsa kwa kapangidwe minofu ndi molondola kudziwa mtundu wa matenda, ndi mbali yake.

zotsatira

vuto monga necrosis, mwina angapo kwanzeru.

The choyamba - ndi mayamwidwe minofu necrotic, kenako achire zonse. Chitsanzo, machiritso a madera aang'onoang'ono necrosis mu chiwindi kapena khungu.

Poganizira siteji necrosis, mitundu, poyambira Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda wonse, ayenera kulabadira chakuti nthawi zina ndondomeko ya selo imfa itha resorption ndi mapangidwe kwa chilonda. Izi zikhoza kukhala chilonda pa khungu pambuyo kukhudzana ndi zinthu matenthedwe kapena mankhwala, komanso kufufuza kwa minofu mtima, makamaka pamene m'mnyewa wamtima infarction anagwidwa.

Nthawi zina, ndondomeko resorption akhoza anamaliza mapangidwe cysts. Izi nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu ubongo pambuyo sitiroko ischemic, amene anali ndi mawonekedwe a matenda a mtima.

Chimodzi mwa zotsatira zake ndi zotheka kwa necrosis - kusiyiratu mtundu wa amputation mowiriza mofuna kapena exfoliating. Mbali yoyamba, akunena za ndondomeko ya kukana ziwalo kapena mbali zawo. Mwachitsanzo, imfa ya zala ndi chilonda. Exfoliate May epithelium m'mimba kapena maselo epidermal kuti anafa.

Encapsulation ndi imfa okwana

Pamene wina zotheka zotsatira necrosis kudziwa encapsulation kwa ndondomekoyi. chikhalidwe choterocho a minofu zimawonedwa pa ndikosatheka resorption awo kapena kukana. Chotero zotsatira ndi n'zotheka TB.

Otsiriza ndi mawonekedwe aakulu, kumene kungakhale zotsatira za matenda - ndi imfa wamba. Chifukwa ndondomeko imeneyi ndi necrosis wathunthu akhoza kukhala mtundu wina wa necrosis a chinthu etiological kukhudzana - zoipa mankhwala matenda a mtima.

Imfa ya chamoyo wonse monga mbali ziwiri: matenda ndi kwachilengedwenso. Mbali yoyamba, ndondomeko mwina invertible, wachiwiri amakhala zabwino - Mwamsanga mpweya Mwamsanga ntchito mtima ndi kayendedwe ka oyima magazi.

Chifukwa cha kukomoka kungakhale yaikulu kutaya magazi, mantha ndi ululu.

chithandizo

Ngati mwakhala matenda kusintha necrotic mu zimakhala, kufunika kuvomerezedwa yocheza m'chipatala.

Nthawi zambiri, kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira anakhumba ntchito mankhwala umalimbana kubwezeretsa magazi mu zinkakhala m'dera la thupi, ngati chiwalo kapena minofu. Ngati ndi kotheka, akhoza kuchitika detoxification mankhwala kapena utsogoleli wa mankhwala.

Nthawi zina, yekha zogwirizana muyeso - ndi opaleshoni, amene yafupika minofu akufa excision kapena amputation.

Koma malingana ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ndi kusiyana kwambiri za matendawa. Makamaka, mtundu zambiri za necrosis - mtima, pamafunika njira yapadera, kuyambira kwenikweni timakhala akulankhula za vuto la mtima.

alowererepo opaleshoni

Pankhani ya matenda a necrosis kwambiri chifuwa ndi miyendo, amene kwambiri kusokoneza maselo mphamvu, lymph ndi magazi ndi innervation unachitika necrotomy. Izi kung'ambika minofu amene anafa chifukwa cha frostbite, zilonda zamoto, ndi zifukwa zina. Ndi inu mwamsanga kutembenuza yonyowa chilonda youma.

excision Izi ndi kuchotsa minofu wosabereka anachita pokhapokha kudziwa malire a necrosis ntchito nzothandiza makina. Izi zikhoza kukhala zowawa za zitsulo mpira, opaleshoni kapena singano ndodo kuchokera syringe a.

Pamene youma chilonda ntchito zina mtsogolo kufikira nthawi monga minofu necrotic sati kwathunthu delimited. Mu yomweyi, m'pofunika kuti achite kupewa woyenera wa chilonda yonyowa.

Pofuna kukumana chotero oopsa matenda, necrosis, ayenera poyamba kusamalira popewa zotsatira za zinthu zimene zingasokoneze zimakhala ndi maselo, pakutero kuyambitsa ndondomeko necrosis.

zotsatira

Mitundu ya necrosis, malingana chifukwa ndi zinthu zina Ndizachidziwikire kuti matenda ndi woopsa kwambiri ndipo afunika diagnostics apamwamba mofulumira. Popanda kuchipatala cha zinthu kudzakhala kovuta kusintha. Choncho, chinthu chabwino chomwe tingachite pa chizindikiro choyamba akuloza necrosis - titero mwamsanga kukaona dotolo.