Zakudya Cell ndi kukula. Njira chakudya selo

Malinga ndi kafukufuku oyambirira m'munda wa thanzi, mawu akuti "selo chakudya" anawona m'lingaliro achikale. Amati kuti n'kofunika kupulumuka. Mol, moyo kukhala zofunika osachepera kuchuluka kwa zakudya kuti Payenera kukhala mu chakudya pofuna kupewa maonekedwe a zinthu kunja kuonekera kapena akuoneka vuto. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha luso ndi patsogolo ndi luso lotha m'thupi, inu mukhoza kuwona momwe zakudya kulowa selo, kodi njira zina zomwe zikuchitika kumeneko. Nkofunika kuti view latsopanoli zikutithandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chosowa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika chakudya kungachititse kuti mphamvu otsika, ukalamba msanga kapena matenda.

Kodi khungu?

Maselo - ndi zofunika unit wa moyo, umene zimakhala onse ndi ziwalo. zigawo timeneti ndi mosalekeza anachitira ndi mzake poyankha zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Zakudya za maselo a thupi n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa ngati kuti ntchito sadzakhala kuchitidwa bwino, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita kuchepa ambiri zizindikiro matenda a.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zambiri zofunika kuti maselo kuchita tsiku ndi tsiku - kuteteza DNA zisaonongeke. Komanso, iwo kupereka thupi lonse ndi mphamvu. DNA anali kusungidwa mu pakati. Pali njira zambiri kusunga chovuta. Komabe, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti maselo zakudya m'thupi ndi okhutira otsika antioxidants ndi phytonutrients ena molumikizana ndi zotsatira chilengedwe poizoni monga mankhwala kungawononge kuti DNA. kuwonongeka ichi, lotchedwa kusintha ndi, zingakhudze kubereka mphamvu. Komanso, amakwiya maonekedwe a kutupa zimakhala, ukalamba awo asanakwane.

Udindo wa zakudya mu moyo wa khungu

The wamkulu ali ndi pafupifupi za zankhaninkhani, 30 maselo. Komanso, tsiku lililonse zikwi mayunitsi zatsopano chitidwe ku akale, nsanza kapena kuonongeka. Mphamvu maselo - ndondomeko kupereka zipangizo thanzi yaiwisi kuti alenge latsopano ndi kukhala mayunitsi akale. Ndiponso, zakudya ndi kuteteza zisaonongeke ndi kupereka thupi ndi mphamvu zofunika. Ngakhale kuti maselo a zimakhala zosiyanasiyana ndi ziwalo zingasiyane mu mawonekedwe, kukula, katundu, iwo ali zigawo zikuluzikulu ofanana kuti kugwira ntchito yeniyeni.

Mphamvu ndi maselo

Chipolopolo kuti encapsulates selo, wotchedwa selo nembanemba. Ali ngati malire structural, amene kumathandiza zili mkati kuchokera kusokonezedwa kunja ndi ingress wa wothandizila osafunika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chipolopolo izi akutumikira monga semipermeable fyuluta kupereka selo ntchito ndondomeko chakudya. Kudzera anyamula zakudya ndi zinyalala M'malo mwake, kuchotsedwa thupi. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti kulankhulana intercellular ndi mgwirizano ntchito zonse zokhudza thupi la thupi.

Kakhungu ndizo kwenikweni kunyama, amene, kukhala insoluble m'madzi, kupanga chotchinga chachilengedwe kupanga malire ndi dongosolo. Waukulu ntchito ya lipids ndi kulenga maonekedwe ndi structural bata. chigawo china chofunika kwambiri ndi mapuloteni. Iwo amapereka kulankhulana ndi kupereka njira za ubwenzi. Mwachitsanzo, maselo fupa angagwirizanitse kwa fupa ndi mapuloteni mu nembanemba selo. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi ma siginalo awo tikadwala zakudya ndi zinyalala excretion.

Ntchito yaikulu ya selo nembanemba

Maselo ndi nyumba zidutswa za nyumba yonse thupi. Zonse mu thupi - kuchokera tsitsi pa mutu ndi pansi kuti misomali ya zala, komanso khungu, magazi, ziwalo ndi mafupa - wapangidwa maselo. makoma awo, wotchedwa selo nembanemba, ngati mpanda linga kuti kunyalanyaza zakudya ndi kukankhira chinachake chimene amapweteka. Ngakhale zosiyana (mosiyana ndi magazi mitsempha, fupa amasiyana minofu, etc.), iwo onse ndi kapangidwe zikuluzikulu ndipo akufunika ngati ndondomeko yofunika monga maselo mphamvu. Ndi ndiwo mphamvu ndi nyonga.

zakudya Cell ndi kupanga mphamvu: mitochondria

Selo nembanemba lozungulira selo ngati khungu kuphimba thupi. Mu njira yomweyo monga zimakhala thupi ndi ziwalo ndi kuchita zinthu zina, ndipo aliyense selo uli chake Mabaibulo kakang'ono wa iwo. Iwo akutchedwa organelles. Ena mwa organelle zofunika kwambiri udindo kupanga mphamvu kuchokera zakudya, ndi mitochondria. Mu thupi, ambiri a iwo.

Mukachipinda lili mazana angapo masauzande zoposa ziwiri mitochondria malingana ndi zosowa zawo mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, maselo a mtima ndi minofu chigoba, omwe chofunika mphamvu kwambiri kukhalabe gulu zonse mwa thupi, ndi 40% ya malo ake anagonjetsedwa ndi dongosolo izi. Wapakati thupi la munthu lili kuposa wina quadrillion ngati zigawo zikuluzikulu. Mosiyana ndi Kakhungu akunja selo lililonse mitochondrion ali zipolopolo ziwiri: amkati ndi kunja. Woyamba tichipeza 75% mapuloteni - ndi zambiri kuposa aliyense malire zina selo. mapulotini Izi ndi mbali ya unyolo elekitironi zoyendera ndi kugwira ntchito yaikulu mu m'badwo wa ATP.

Kodi magulidwe ndondomeko pa mlingo ma?

Unicellular mapangidwe organelles komanso ofanana ndi zimene zimapezeka zamoyo zina. N'zofunika kwa bwinobwino njira zambiri moyo. Chapakati ulamuliro ntchito mwachindunji ndi selo pachimake, amene ali DNA akutsogolera kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni mu chipinda. Mitochondria ali ndi udindo ndondomeko ya foni kupuma ndi kutembenuka kwa shuga mu mphamvu. Ribosomes mutsimikizira kugwira ntchito njira zoyendera ku ndi reticulum endoplasmic. Selo nembanemba ndi kusankha nthawi kayendedwe ka zipangizo.

kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu neutralizing zinthu zoipa ndi thanzi pa mlingo ma, monga lili zakudya maselo, zimene nyumba zotchinga ndi kuteteza ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ulimi wa mphamvu. Features maselo mphamvu ogwirizana ndi ntchito iliyonse zigawo zake. mapuloteni zakudya ndiye unagwa mu amino zidulo, ndiyeno kachiwiri apanga ku zinthu zatsopano ofanana. Ena amino zidulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga kusonyeza mankhwala monga mahomoni. Anthu, mudzachitira mbali ya kulankhulana intercellular. Kupereka thupi ndi zakudya zokwanira zofunika kungathandize kusunga dongosolo zolondola nembanemba lapansi.

zakudya mulingo woyenera ma

An ndondomeko zofunika imagwira ntchito ma - chakudya. Iwo ayenera kutenga malo momwe akadakwanitsira. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa umoyo wabwino ndi nembanemba selo. Monga ngati womanga nyumba sangathe kulingalira popanda kuika maziko olimba, ndi wathanzi bwino ukugwirira ntchito thupi ayenera maziko olimba. Kuloŵerera ndondomeko amatchedwa zakudya woonda kulowa foni lokha kudzera Kakhungu, amene ntchito mulingo woyenera ayenera kukhala wathanzi, zofewa mofewa.

munthu kutukula selo zakudya ndi chiyani? Vital ntchito iliyonse gulu ayamba kudya zakudya athanzi ndi mankhwala organic. Kawirikawiri izo zimachitika kuti alipidwa zakudya tsiku zikuphatikizapo yekha popanga zipangizo ndi zedi yomwe zofunika. Kodi mungachite ntchito yabwino khalidwe zowonjezera zakudya kuti angadwale mlingo mphamvu selo mpaka akadakwanitsira.

Zisanu ndi zamoyo

Mukachipinda angapo ntchito zimene ziperekedwa:

• Kubalana. Kubereka ana - ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri.
• Movement. Cell ayenera kukhala makina. Nthawi zonse tithe kusintha mawonekedwe ake.
• Kagayidwe - zofunika kwachilengedwenso ndondomeko atetezedwe, womwenso njira catabolic ndi anabolic.
• Kupuma - kupoletsa mphamvu zako kagayidwe kachakudya, selo kuchulukana ndi kukonza otchedwa.

• Mphamvu. kudya chakudya zikhoza kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana malinga ngati unicellular kapena multicellular chamoyo.
• Homeostasis - mkhalidwe wamphamvu mgwirizano wa chamoyo kuchokera zachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi ya mphamvu zisanu.
• Kugawilidwa kwanthaka - ndiyotani pakuchotsa muli.

Njira yobweretsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana

Mphamvu ndi koyenera kuti mphamvu ndi kukula. anthu onse akukhala pa dziko amene amafunika chakudya. Koma thupi lawo maselo zakudya njira zingasiyane. Zomera ndi Ngokhoza kulenga chakudya chawo kupyolera photosynthesis. Iwo ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kutembenuza mamolekyulu yosavuta mpweya woipa ndi madzi kuti zikhale chakudya zovuta zambiri. nyama, nayenso, ndi kudzisamalira okha likuvutika nyama zina kapena zomera. Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko ndi anyamata. zinthu zambiri zovuta amathyoka mu yaing'ono, losavuta mamolekyulu sungunuka, amene angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu ndi kukula.

Thupi la munthu linapangidwa ndi matrilioni a nyumba zingatipunthwitse kakang'ono, omwe mu njira ena amatenga gawo mu njira yofunika: kupuma, kupanga mphamvu, gululi, chimbudzi, kupatukana, kubereka, ndi ena. Maselo ndi matupi kakang'ono, omwe wazunguliridwa ndi m'chimake zozitetezera. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mphamvu ndi selo kukula kumakhala kovuta. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kusatsatira kuloŵerera zinthu kapena kutaya zinyalala. Pankhaniyi, selo amakhala poizoni ndipo zingakhale zovulaza thupi, osalola kuti uziyenda bwino.