The portraitists kwambiri. Chithunzicho zojambulajambula

Chithunzicho - luso chithunzi anthu kubwezeretsa, kapena gulu la anthu mwandondomeko mtheradi. Childs, izi chithunzi luso phunziro kwa kalembedwe ena. Chithunzicho, amene analemba chithunzi, mwina wa mmodzi kapena sukulu ina ya kupenta. Ndipo ntchito zake ndi kuyamika kuzindikira kuti umunthu ndi kalembedwe, amene ayenera kukhala mmisiri.

Akale ndi Ano

Chithunzicho zojambulajambula akamachita anthu enieni, kujambula kwa chikhalidwe, kapena kubereka zithunzi akale pamtima. Mulimonsemo, chithunzi chinachake potengera ndi kakunena za munthu weniweni. Nthawi zambiri, ngati chithunzi zimaonekera panthawi iliyonse, kaya pano kapena zapitazi. Pankhaniyi, chithunzi zojambulajambula m'malo maziko mwachizolowezi yosonyeza ena otero mbali ochiritsira monga kumanga nyumba ya nthawi anasonyeza chapansipansi, kapena zinthu zina khalidwe.

Rembrandt

Zooneka Tirhana zosiyanasiyana, ndipo Mitundu payekha angathe kukhala paokha kapena akhoza apanga. Ndi chithunzi ogwirizana mu umodzi nkhani lonse osiyana, koma nthawi zonse umalamulira nkhope ya munthu. The kwambiri chithunzi amisiri a m'mbuyomu anali ndi luso zithunzi luso ku ungwiro. ambuye zikuphatikizapo Dutch zojambulajambula Rembrandt Van Reyna (1606-1669), amene analemba zithunzi zambiri. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo chimatengedwa ngati chithunzi mwaluso. wowona ndi moyo wosafa, chifukwa Rembrandt Van Reyna ali zaka zoposa mazana asanu.

Chosema - wosakhwima luso

The kwambiri chithunzi amisiri a m'mbuyomu - ndi chuma mtundu wa mayiko limene unabadwa, ankakhala ndi kulenga zojambula wake. An amaonekera pa mbiriyakale ya kupenta anasiya German wojambula Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), amene ankagwira ntchito ku mtundu wanyimbo wa chosema. zojambula ake anasonyeza mu zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri yapamwamba ya dziko. Painting, chithunzicho panthawi zosiyanasiyana, monga "Chithunzicho wa Venetian wamng'ono," "Chithunzi cha Mfumu Maximilian", "Chithunzicho ya Young Man" ndi ena, ali chosaneneka katswiri. portraitists wamkulu osiyana amisiri onse a mkulu mlingo mawu. webs awa anatsanziradi.

akazi lathu

Giovanni Boldini (1842-1931), wojambula wa ku Italy, ndi imodzi mwa malo oyamba mu mndandanda wa "amisiri lalikulu chithunzi cha dziko." Iye anazindikira ngati mbuye malire a chithunzi wamkazi. zojambula wake Tingaone maola, kotero zithunzi yeniyeni ndi kwabasi. Olemera mitundu, mitundu ambiri ozizira, kusiyanitsa chikunena, midtones masewera - zonse pamodzi zojambula wake. chithunzicho amalowerera kusonyeza khalidwe la dona za pa lona, ngakhalenso maganizo ake.

Wotchuka chithunzi zojambulajambula Russia

Mu Russia, nthawi zonse anali amisiri kwambiri. Chithunzicho luso anayamba m'nthawi 14 BC, pamene amisiri aluso monga Andrei Rublev ndi Feofan Grek. ntchito yawo mokwanira chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi mtundu wanyimbo ya chithunzi ndi, monga ojambula zithunzi izi utoto zithunzi, koma mfundo za zithunzi chikufanana.

Mu nthawi yomweyo, wojambula wotchuka ntchito Dionisiy (1440-1502), protégé Ivan III, Moscow mfumu. Mfumu analangiza chithunzicho utoto tchalitchi kapena mpingo, kenako anaona Analenga katswiri wake. Mfumu ankakonda nawo nkhani imeneyi Mulungu yokondweretsa.

Mmodzi wa ambuye loyamba Russian chithunzi luso anali Ivan Nikitin (1680-1742), wophunzitsidwa mu Europe. Anali mtima wa Mfumu Peter Wamkulu. Ntchito odziwika ndi zithunzi Nikitin Augustus II, Mfumu ya Poland ndi Duke wa Mecklenburg.

Alexey Zubov (1682-1750), katswiri wa portraiture. Iye ankakonda kwambiri a Peter Wamkulu. Pamodzi ndi atate wake, ndi wojambula wotchuka, mmisiri Fedorom Zubovym nawo mu mapangidwe a Moscow Kremlin amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida.

The portraitists chachikulu cha m'ma 18 mu Russia, monga ulamuliro, olembedwa kuyitanitsa.

Vasily Tropinin (1776-1857), wotchuka Russian wojambula, kwenikweni anatchuka kwambiri mu 1827. Iye analenga m'chiuno chithunzi cha Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich, oimira yowala andakatulo Russian. kuti linapangidwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo yekha. Ndipo chithunzi chinali choti bwenzi la Alexander, Sobolev. Chithunzicho anakhala wotchuka kwambiri wa chilengedwe chonse, amene nthawi ankafotokozedwa Pushkin. Penti "Alexander Pushkin" Tropinina kalekale kukhala tingachipeze powerenga polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Orest Kiprensky (1782-1836) anayamba kulemba pa zaka 22. Chithunzi choyamba analengedwa Kiprensky kalembedwe Rembrandt a, pa lona zotsatirazi A. K. Valbe. Wotchuka ntchito chithunzicho ndi ankaona "Chithunzi cha E. V. Davydova," lolembedwa mu 1809. Angapo zojambula Oresta Kiprenskogo ali Tretyakov Gallery.

Alex Venetsianov (1780-1847) - Russian wojambula, amene ankaona anayambitsa chiwembu kalembedwe mu chithunzi luso. Iye anali wophunzira wa wolemekezeka zojambulajambula Vladimir Borovikovsky. Young wojambula Venetsianov ambiri akudziwa kuti kupenta "Chithunzicho wa Amayi," analengedwa mu 1801.

Borovikovskiy Vladimir (1757-1825), mbadwa ya Mirgorod, anatchuka kwambiri ndi odziwika bwino pambuyo msonkhano ndi Catherine II, kuyendayenda monga gawo ulendo wake mu 1787. The zojambulajambula analenga mndandanda wa murals luso mu nyumba yachifumu, yomwe inali mu njira ya Mfumukazi. Catherine anasangalala ndi ntchito Borovikovsky ndi kum'patsa ndalama zambiri.

Mndandanda wa "Great Russian portraitists za m'ma 19" kutsogoleredwa ndi Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy (1837-1887), ndi zojambulajambula kwambiri, katswiri wa zojambula pakhoma la chikhalidwe achipembedzo. Portraiture Archaeology walola iye kulenga mndandanda wa zithunzi za anthu otchuka, kuphatikizapo P. M. Tretyakov, S. P. Botkin, I. I. Shishkin, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, L. N. Tolstoy ndi ena.

Wotchuka chithunzi amisiri wa Russia zamakono

Igor Belkovsky (b. 1962), lolingana membala wa Russian Art Academy, membala wa Union of ojambula la Russia, wopambana wa mphoto "Pakuti tsogolo lowala" pokhazikitsa Kazembe wa dera Chelyabinsk.

Alexander Shilov (b. 1943), Mmisiri Anthu a USSR, membala wa bungwe Pulezidenti chifukwa Culture ndi Tirhana. Mlembi zithunzi ambiri a m'nthawi yake.