Monomer wowuma ndi kulumikiza?

Umagwirira chimasiyanitsa atatu mitundu ya chakudya. Izi wowuma, mapadi ndi shuga. Wowuma ndi nthumwi yaikulu ya gulu la chakudya achilengedwe. kaphatikizidwe ake akupezeka zomera zonse, ndi ndiwo mphamvu m'thupi la munthu. ndi monomer wa wowuma chiyani? More pa pansipa.

Minda ya ntchito

Kuyambira kale kwambiri, wowuma chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zachipatala. Mu yochizira matenda ndi ntchito ngati wothandizira ❖ kuyanika kwa zotupa anam'peza ndi mucosal yotupa njira ziwalo monga intestine ndi m'mimba. Analytical umagwirira ndi mankhwala amagwiritsa wowuma monga chizindikiro chachikulu ayodini. Mankhwala Technology amagwiritsa wowuma monga filler, ndi wothandizila kumangako. Koma kodi kugwirizana ndi monomer wa wowuma, ndi zosangalatsa zambiri. Tiyeni tione m'nkhani ino.

Only mu dziko lathu Research Center makampani wowuma ukufanizidwa ndi Institute of wowuma Research Onse-Russian. Malowa ali pamtunda m'dera Moscow, ndipo ntchito yake yaikulu ndi chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano kwa kupanga wowuma kwa mbewu monga chimanga ndi mbatata, wowuma kusinthidwa, shuga manyuchi, fructose madzi, ndi chakudya thanzi popanda mapuloteni. Komanso zochita kafukufuku, VNIIK akhala angagwiritse zida apadera omwe ntchito makampani wowuma. Choncho, ntchito VNIIK bwanji lalikulu munda sayansi, kafukufuku chitukuko mafakitale.

M'munsimu tione kuti ndi monomer wa wowuma.

kapangidwe

Ngati tikulingalira wowuma mawu a sayansi, chikuyimira yaikulu ya dzuwa ophweka, omwe anasonkhana unyolo. maunyolo awa akhoza kukhala liniya kapena nthambi. Lililonse ngati waukulu molekyulu unyolo - shuga, ndicho chikhazikitso omwe atenge mbali ya pulayimale gwero mphamvu m'thupi.

Aliyense yaitali ngati tcheni ongokhala shuga, ali ndi chuma Flex kuti squirm mobwerezabwereza apangidwe. Chifukwa ndi mapangidwe granules tosaoneka ndi maso, amene amafanana mbewu ya ufa. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ufa, zayamba akuimira chisakanizo cha wowuma ndi zinthu zosiyana m'munsili. Ndiye kuti, ndi monomer wa wowuma ndi shuga.

Ngati inu kutenga wowuma kunja ndi kuyesera mu nkhonya ndipo pakani pakati pa zala zanu, ndiye inu adzamva creaking achilendo. phokoso otere kwaiye pa particles wowuma akusisita wina ndi mnzake: iwo ndi dongosolo okhwima, ndi amenewa amadza wovulala amapezeka.

Mu mbewu zamoyo wowuma aumbike mwa mndandanda kugwirizana angapo okwanira mamolekyulu shuga. Zisanachitike izi zikachitika kaphatikizidwe wa shuga kwa mpweya woipa komanso madzi. Ndipotu, ndi monomer wa wowuma molekyulu.

The katundu wa wowuma

Zomera kwambiri wowuma ndi waukulu nkhokwe batire mphamvu. Izi ndi zimene katundu singalifotokoze chakuti yosungirako yogwira wowuma chikuchitika mu mizu, tubers ndi mbewu. Pa zikuchokera mbewu ya tirigu kapena chimanga - oposa theka la wowuma ndi.

Tiyeni tione zikuchokera mankhwala ndi kapangidwe ka wowuma ndi. Wowuma, pamodzi ndi glycogen ndi mapadi, ndi imodzi mwa oimira chofunika kwambiri gulu la polysaccharides.

polysaccharides

Polysaccharides - ndi zinthu zimene ziri zimam'patsa ma polima, zomwe zigwirizana ambiri mayunitsi monosaccharide. chiwerengero chawo akhoza zimasiyana makumi angapo masauzande angapo. Ndiko kuti, mkulu-maselo pawiri (BMC), ndi wowuma ndi shuga monomer.

Chilinganizo ambiri

mankhwala Macromolecular wa chilinganizo ambiri akhoza kulembedwa monga:

(C ₆ H ₁₀ O _{5) N,} kumene N Pankhaniyi kungakhale kwa mazana ndi zikwi.

Kunja wowuma amadziwika onse - thunthu la mtundu woyera, chomwe yaing'ono kukula tirigu. Wowuma ndi insoluble m'madzi ozizira koma sungunuka m'madzi otentha. Iwo ali ndi chuma kutupa. Njira zimadza viscous kugwirizana pambuyo yozizira anasamutsa mu misa gelatinous otchedwa phala.

The zikuchokera wowuma , pali tuzigawo twa awiri: amylose ndi amylopectin. tuzigawo twa awiri awa anapanga α-D-shuga. Amasiyana mwa iwo wokha osati kapangidwe ka unyolo wokha, komanso chiwerengero cha zatsalira shuga. zatsalira izi monosaccharide likugwirizana ndi milatho ya mpweya. Pa mapangidwe unyolo amapezeka glycosidic hydroxyl mogwirizana kwa molekyulu wina ndi molekyulu wina ndi hydroxyl mowa. Pamene yatikhudza wowuma ndi njira ayodini ukapezeka khalidwe buluu kudetsa. Ndiko kuti, anachita ndi Mkhalidwe mu chirengedwe. Kudetsa Mwamsanga pamene yankho mkangano, ndipo kumachitika pamene ozizira izo.

Tsopano zikuonekeratu zimene pawiri ndi monomer wa wowuma.

Amylose - ndi polysaccharide ndi liniya unyolo wa mankhwala, izo inamangidwa masauzande angapo hexoses (shuga zatsalira), amene inakula α-glycoside chomangira khalidwe. X-ray kusanthula limasonyeza kuti amylose molekyulu ali ndi makonzedwe helical. Lililonse kwa mwauzimu ndendende mayunitsi 6 anachokera ku monosaccharides. Pafupifupi ndi helix ali pafupifupi 50 ankasinthana.

Mkati ngati spiralevoy kapangidwe ali njira mwake pafupifupi 0.5 nanometers. Mkati njira akhoza ili mamolekyulu ena amene ali oyenera kukula. Mapulani akuimira maofesi wakupambulika dzinache kulolerana mankhwala. Pawiri la amylose ndi ayodini, ndi mtundu buluu, ndi chimodzi cha nyumba izi. Kodi monomer wa wowuma, tinapeza kale.

Amylose ndi amylopectin

Amylose ndi amylopectin ndi chimodzimodzi mipweya, kusiyana yaikulu pakati pawo - kapangidwe okhudza malo. Amylose molekyulu anamanga ulusi, i.e. liniya, koma amylopectin molekyulu ali ndi dongosolo nthambi.

Pakati pa mfundo nthambi ili pafupifupi 20-25 hexoses. Total amylopectin macromolecule mwina akupanga za mayunitsi 6000 kapena zambiri anachokera ku monosaccharides.

Childs, wowuma wapangidwa ndi 10-20% ya madzi adzamangidwa. Ngati mofulumira usavutike, izo hydrolytic kuwonongeka kwa macromolecules ndi unyolo ang'onoang'ono a mamolekyulu anapanga chifukwa.

Wowuma ndicho gwero la chakudya mu zakudya anthu, ichi ndi chifukwa chake ali ndi phindu lalikulu mu mawonekedwe a chakudya: mkate, mbatata, dzinthu. Lalikulu zedi, wowuma ntchito makampani, Mwachitsanzo, ntchito katundu sizing nsalu (mu ndondomeko sizing) gluing pepala ndi makatoni kupanga dextrin ulimbo. M'munda wa wowuma mawunikidwe umagwirira ntchito monga chizindikiro pa njira iodometric titration.

Ife tinapeza chimene thunthu ndi monomer wa wowuma.