Moscow mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro mu Tushino

midzi iwiri - Tushino ndi Spassky - amene anali kumanzere, banki apamwamba a Skhodnya mtsinje, ankadziwika m'zaka XIV. M'masiku amenewo anali chuma cha boyar Rodion Nesterovich chiwiya chako chokandiramo ufa. Dzina la mudzi (Spassky) anachoka obisika, umene unali malo amenewo, mpaka 1764.

nkhani

Spaso-Preobrazhensky obisika anali anapereka kwa Utatu-Sergio Lavra ana Vasiliya Ivanovicha Kvashnina, amene anali ndi dzina lakufa. Woyamba obisika mpingo unali Chiwalitsiro. Poyamba, nyumbayi inamangidwa ndi mitengo, koma ndiye linadzamangidwanso mu mwala. Pofika pakati dongosolo XVII m'ma konse dilapidated, anaganiza kutenga kuwasiyanitsa. The chachiwiri mpingo mwala obisika inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVI, ndipo anali wodzipereka kwa Andreyu Stratilatu.

Mu nthawi wobvutika pafupi Spassky obisika ndi mudzi wa Tushino anamanga misasa asilikali Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II. Iwo agwidwa ndi unawononge- midzi yonse yapafupi. Ndipo kugwa kwake kwa obisika a kakusintha. Tatseka mu 1764, ndipo Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro anakhala parishi kwa anthu a Tushino ndi Spassky. Pakuti anamanga kanthawi matabwa refectory, koma 1804-1808 izo ankaiphwasula. M'malomwake, anamanga latsopano, zambiri yaikulu yomanga mwala. Patapita nthawi izo zaikidwa ndi tiered mkulu nsanja. Mu pakati pa XIX m'ma refectory kakusintha kusintha, ndiye anakonza guwa lansembe anaika yopemphereramo polemekeza St. Sergio wa Radonezh.

Pomanga mpingo watsopano

M'zaka za m'ma XIX mpingo sanathe akomere obwera onse. Kuchuluka kufika amati lingaliro za kukonzanso kapena kukula. Komanso, iye sanali pamalo abwino. Popeza kuti kwa zaka zitatu mtsinje banki, kumene mpingo anaima, ndipo anayamba kuchepa mphamvu kwambiri, ndi chifukwa nyumbayi inali mphepete mwenimweni mwa phiri limeneli. Ndi zifukwa izi, mu 1870, anaganiza kuti amange mpingo watsopano wa Chiwalitsiro mu Tushino.

ntchito mpingo udaikidwa ndi wamanga Vladislav Osipovich Grudzinski, amene anali membala wa Nyumba ya boma chuma. Commission nyumba analengedwa, lotsogoledwa ndi wachipembedzo komweko John Spassky. Pambuyo kukondweretsa ndondomeko 1875 m'mudzi wa Spas-Tushino kachisi wa nyumba zakale pang'onopang'ono anayamba disassemble. Tinayamba ndi belu nsanja ndi refectory. Njerwa kuchokera kumadera ankaiphwasula ya mpingo wakale anapita ku ntchito yomanga mpanda kuzungulira nyumba yatsopano.

anapeza

Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro mu Tushino anayamba kumanga ofunda chipinda chodyera. Ndi September 1880, iye anali kwathunthu itatha. Pomwepo inapatulidwa m'matchalitchi awiri - lina mu ulemu wa St. Nicholas ndi Wonderworker, ndipo chachiwiri - a Abbot Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Ndithu kwambiri kuchuluka mu mawonekedwe a zopereka mpingo watsopano anapatsidwa opanga K. E. Prohorov ndi V. Suvirov, mkulu PG Tsurikov ndi wansembe John Spassky.

Mwatsoka, otsiriza a ogula anamwalira 1881, ndipo akamafika chokwanira. Anamaliza bwino chifukwa latsopano rector Nikolai Buravtsev. Mu 1882, chiwembu lonse allocated pomanga, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba zitsulo mpanda ndi zipilala za miyala, ndi kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kumayiko a mpingo anatsegula manda atsopano. Pomaliza, mu 1886, pa August 6, mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro mu Tushino mwakachetechete opatulidwira Metropolitan wa Moscow ndipo Kolomna Ionniky.

mafotokozedwe

Izo ziyenera kuti nyumbayi inali tikukonza pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene iwo anayamba kutsitsimutsa miyambo dziko la Russia zomangamanga mpingo. Kachisi mosamala kukonzekera kufanana osiyana ndi lili pa nthawi yomweyo woyengedwa ndi adaletsa zokongoletsa. Ndi umodzi mutu ndi m'malo okwezeka muyeso. Top mwakachetechete anamaliza zinthu zikuluzikulu nzeru ndi wokongola bulbous mutu, ndipo kwambiri apitirize ndi mamba chapatatu amapereka yambiri ya kachisi.

Pamwamba aliyense semicircles ndi kiot ndi mafano. Pa mbali ya refectory a belu atatu-tiered nsanja kukacha. The njerwa mpanda wa kachisi si pulasitala, kotero iwo aime motsutsa yowala mwala woyera ndi laimu zinthu zokongoletsa. Pa guwa chapakati cha mpingo iconostasis.

Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro mu Tushino ndinali nditaima pa mphepete mwa okwera okulira pakati ofanana ndi Moscow Mtsinje. Iye anali bwino kuonekera kwa mitunda ingapo pamodzi msewu Volokolamsk, komanso magombe ndi midzi yozungulira. Tikhoza kunena kuti mpingo wakhala ngati kamangidwe lalikulu la m'dera pa nthawi.

pambuyo chosintha nthawi

Kuyambira 1881 mpaka 1935, ndi kachisi pa Volokolamke mu Tushino anatsogolera mafumu lonse la abbots Buravtseva. Otsiriza a owayimilira - wansembe Alexander - anawomberedwa ndi achikomyunizimu kumapeto kwa December 1937. Iye anaikidwa pa akhala akutayirapo dothi malo a Butovo mu manda. M'chaka cha 2000, kusankha Bungwe la Aepiskopi , iye canonized.

Monga mukudziwa, zaka 30 za m'ma zapitazo zakhala zimawononga kwambiri malo olambilila. Wathunso vuto ndi mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro mu Tushino. Mu 1935 izo zinali kutsekedwa. abbot wake wotsiriza unali Alexander Sokolov, amene anamangidwa ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri anawomberedwa penapake Altai Gawo. Kufikira tsopano, malo a manda ake sakudziwika.

kunyoza

Nkhondo itatha, matchalitchi linaikidwa mabungwe a boma. Mu 50s m'ma okhala anafunsa aboma kuti adzikonzenso utumiki. Koma poyankha zopempha izi zinali kuwonongedwa kwa belu nsanja ndi mzikiti waukulu mu 1957 - amangoika yakuwadzudzumisa.

zaka 8 pambuyo zotchulidwa linathetsedwa ndi manda pafupi mpingo. m'dera lonse anaphatikizidwa zone mafakitale, kukuchitika pamodzi njanji. Kukonza ndi kasamalidwe zomangamanga, zomwe zapita m'mayiko mpingo, kuwapatutsa mu dambo weniweni, ndi kumanga kachisi - mu yosungira zomangira.

kubadwanso

Chiwalitsiro mpingo Tushino anabwerera Orthodox yekha mu 1990. Mpingo ndi guwa mkulu anali opatulidwira yekha wa mabishopu wa Moscow ndipo onse Russia Alexy II. Mu zaka ankagwiritsidwanso kuyeretsedwa yopemphereramo polemekeza St. Sergio ndi St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Rector wa mpingo anaikidwa Fedor Sokolov. Mwatsoka, zaka 10 pambuyo pake, iye anafa. Iye anaikidwa pambali pa guwa lansembe adzabadwanso ku phulusa la kachisi.

Mwamsanga pamene mpingo anatsegula, anayamba kuchira mofulumira. Choyamba, ntchito inayambika kubwezeretsa chikuoneka: mutu analikonzanso, mbali nzeru zimamangidwa pa madenga pamwamba chakumene kamodzi belu nsanja. A. I. Tsarev chokongoletsedwa tympana kokoshniks zithunzi zithunzi, zomwe zimasonyeza atumwi 12, ndipo Kyoto ndi zikuchokera "Deesis".

kubwezeretsedwa akamaliza

Komanso, pa chilichonse guwa anamangidwira pridelnyh mutu, kupereka limaonetseratu silhouette kachisi. Malinga ndi makombo ochepa chopulumuka openwork mpanda anakwanitsa kwathunthu recreate mawonekedwe imene anali pachiyambi. Kulinso wabwezeretsedwa ndi chipata chachikulu la Oyera.

Tikumbukenso kuti manda akale anapeza pa ntchito yomanga. Tsopano zotsalira zonse za anthu m'manda pa mpanda, kum'mwera kwa nyumbayi.

Chiwalitsiro Church - si mpingo wokha ili m'deralo. Pali tiakachisi ena. Mwachitsanzo, Mpingo wakale wa Kupemphera mu Tushino. yomanga wake kunayamba chaka 1672. Iye wakhalanso anakongoletsa, ndipo nthawi zonse anthu amamuyamikira kulambira.