Msika likulu lonse

Ndalama likulu - ndalama kuti akhoza kuchita ngati chinthu cha ulimi ndi njira phindu. amalonda zoweta zambiri amapezeka mu vuto la kusowa kwa zomverera likulu. Zimenezi atumikire monga chokhumudwitsa kuti lidzigwira ntchito zawo n'zothandiza pofuna kukwaniritsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu angapo ubale zachuma ali nazo chuma ndalama yochepa alembedwe ndalama. Eni ndalama izi ndi mwayi nthawi zina kusamutsa kugwilitsa ophunzira ena ubale zachuma. Mbali yachiwiri kupanga phindu nawo, ntchito monga chuma. Komabe, ali kwa ena nthawi ya kusowa liquidity wa ndalama kwa kukula anafunira pafupi yaitali. Izo ziri chimodzimodzi zomwe anaonekera likulu msika, ndiwo chida ndalama chikalata kuti mabungwe a zachuma kwa ena nthawi ndi ndalama ndipo akudikila alipire. Pankhaniyi, bungwe limene limapereka ndalama zake ngongole, amadwala ndalama monga kuchuluka ntchito wobwereka lapansi.

likulu la dziko msika ali mitundu iwiri ya nyumba: ntchito ndi mabungwe. Pankhaniyi, kapangidwe wachiwiri ndi ambiri ndipo zikutanthauza umembala wake mabungwe boma (Bank chapakati cha Russian Federation, chuma ndi mayiko ngongole mabungwe), mabungwe zachuma mseri (mabanki malonda, ndalama penshioni ndi kampani ya inshuwalansi), komanso Makampani ena ndi kuphana. The otsogolera mu gulu la mabungwe anatumizidwa ku mabanki m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mabungwe.

The padziko lonse likulu msika malingana ndi nthawi ya gulu lake lagawidwa m'magulu atatu: msika eurocredits, ndalama msika padziko lonse lapansi ndi msika chuma. Choncho, lonse msika chuma chuma zachokera kupereka eurocredits kwa nthawi yochepa (kwa chaka chimodzi). misika likulu kwa nthawi yaitali amaloŵamo kusintha ena mwa mawu kukula voliyumu ya ntchito pamodzi ndi 70 ntchentche za m'ma XX. Ichi ndi chifukwa patsogolo sayansi. Izi limatchedwa likulu msika m'dera konsortsionalnyh kapena ngongole syndicated, chifukwa zimenezi ndi mabwenzi chuma ndi banki consortia kapena syndicates.

Msika dziko la likulu zachokera kupatsidwa kumangidwa, ndi chiyambi mapangidwe ake imagwera pa 60 chaka TH zaka mazana makumi awiri. Ndi mawonekedwe ake anayamba kugwira ntchito msika kufanana chikhalidwe cha ngongole ena ndi msika Euroloan. Kale mu 90s oyambirira zinali chifukwa Euroloan pafupifupi 80% ya chuma yonse ya mayiko ngongole. The anati msika ndalama likulu ndi chochitika chofunika - ndi angongole ndi amangawa ntchito ngongole ndalama zakunja. Kusiyana kwina mu dera lino ubale ndalama ndi nkhani za anthu omwe si anthu a chikhalidwe ngongole zakunja m'dziko lomwelo, ndi mayikidwe a Euroloan ikuchitika ku misika ya maiko angapo.