Alonda Subaltern ku Russia: mutu, maudindo. ndi "ana a alonda mkulu" ndi ndani?

Mkulu woyang'anira, kapitawo ndodo - kugawikana kwa Russian asilikali m'gulu la alonda mpaka 1917. Yotsirizira anali wapamwamba - kuchokera yaikulu msilikaliyo. A mkulu - ndi junior kapitawo - kuchokera chizindikiro kwa kapitawo. Lingaliro la "junior" mu nkhani iyi ayenera siyanitsa ndi mawu akuti "kapitawo zazing'ono" - mutu wa kusintha pakati pa asilikali ndi alonda amene anapereka asilikali makamaka wolemekezeka amene analibe udindo wa otchuka.

An kufanizira zikhoza kupangidwa ndi asilikali wamakono: mutu wa msilikali amafuna maphunziro apamwamba usilikali, choncho pali "Transitional" udindo - anga ndi corporals. Chitani mwachindunji chiwerengero alonda pakampanipo.

chizindikiro

Non-analamula akapitawo - akapitawo akulu, wolema pa kufunafuna ndi nyenyezi (ena embodiments, wina) - ndi udindo wotsikitsitsa mu njira ya ntchito mkulu wa. The zida zankhondo kuti mutu kulibe - izo chofanana mpeni ndi cadet. Choncho, chizindikiro ndi chimodzi mwa zilembo zazikulu mu "Bela" M. Yu Lermontova -. Pechorin.

Mkulu, mphalasa ndi mphalasa

akapitawo akulu akhoza kukhala mutu wa msilikali chachiwiri. Yunifolomu adakwanisa kuona nyenyezi ziwiri. Mphalasa mphalasa mu apakavalo komanso ukugwira ku Mulingo wa mkulu chachiwiri. Mutu woyamba Pankhaniyi zinachitika pakati Cossacks ndi, wachiwiri - wina apakavalo nkhondowo manja. Pa udindo uwu unali wofanana Navy midshipman.

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti Army ndi Bulu nthawi zonse panali kusintha asilikali. alonda Senior anali nawo iwo. Kuyambira 1884 chizindikiro mutu zalephereka, woyamba junior udindo kapitawo mphalasa ndipo anakhala msilikali chachiwiri.

mkulu

akapitawo akulu, ndi lieutenants analandira udindo. Asilikali Cossack kudzakumana nawo Kenturiyo. Lieutenants ankavala phewa zomangira ndi nyenyezi zitatu pa chilichonse. Mwa njira, mutu uwu wamba zilembo osiyana mu mabuku Russian. Ndipo kodi malongosoledwe: mkulu - achinyamata, koma palibe achinyamata yaitali. Tsopano adamuyikizira "wamkulu" zolakwa ndi miscalculations. Mwa iwo ali otayika mu khadi, ndi ngwazi ndi amantha, ndi ena. Msilikali limafanana ndi udindo wa mkulu mu Russian asilikali ano.

Captain

Mutu wa mkulu apakavalo mu mzere ndi udindo wa ndodo mkulu, ndi Cossacks - podesaula. Iwo ankavala kanali ndi nyenyezi anayi pa chilichonse. Tiyeni kukumbukira kamodzinso mankhwala a M. Yu. Lermontova "A Hero Nthawi". Pali udindo uwu ankavala yosavuta Dobryy Maksim Maksimovich.

woyendetsa

Captain - apamwamba mkulu woyang'anira udindo. The apakavalo sootvetstoval iye kapitawo, ndi Cossacks - Cossack mkulu. Mkulu mu lamulo la kampani kapena batire, mkulu - ndi squadron.

Leib-Grenadier Regiment

ulemu wapadera mu ankhondo Russian ntchito mkulu wa Moyo Grenadier Regiment. Amene anavala mutu, nthawi zonse mwachita pa cholinga ichi mu nkhani iliyonse.

Leib-Grenadier Regiment - osankhika a Russian Imperial Army. Iwo nalo dzina lake ku dzanja grenade ndi lama fuyusi ndi - Grenada. Grenadiers Choyamba - ichi ndi asilikali amene anaponya mabomba anthu. Kunali koyenera mwamsanga kumuyandikira mdani. Estestestvenno kuti Grenadiers anavutika ndi zomvetsa kwambiri mu nkhondo. Kwa iwo, ife nthawi zonse zosiyana mu lamulo, ndipo pamene kupeza ogwira.

Mu 1756, mu Riga, inakhalapo pery Grenadier Regiment ndi lamulo la Mfumukazi Elizabeti. Izi zisanachitike, ndi kampani wocheperapo a grenadiers mu regiments oyenda. Choyamba Grenadier Regiment alimba mtima apitenso ku nkhondo ya Kunersdorf mu zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri nkhondo. Zinali kuukira ake anaganiza zotsatira za nkhondo lonse. Mu 1760, unit anatenga Berlin oyandikana. The Regiment wolemekezeka chifukwa kulimbamtima wake mu Chirasha Turkey nkhondo, ndipo mu 1775 anali kupereka mutu - Moyo Grenadier Regiment. Kutumikira izo ankaona wolemekezeka, ndi kusankha okhwima ofuna ankachititsa ndi kupeza ake.

Anthu otchuka monga imayambitsa alonda akulembedwa

Tisaiwale kuti apolisi a ku Russia pamaso zitasintha - izo si malo a asilikali, komanso udindo onse. Pamaso zitasintha izo kukuyerekezeredwa ndi lingaliro la "wolemekezeka", monga izo zinali ku otchuka, amene ankaona kuti ndi udindo wake kwa Lathu utumiki, m'chinyumba ichi ndi akapitawo. Pa boma ndi kuwapatsa mwayi. Only utumiki mkulu wa asilikali kuonedwa kuti wolemekezeka pakati kalasi mwayi.

Osati mwangozi, ndi Bolsheviks pa ulimi mu njira zoipa ntchito mawu akuti "akapitao" posonyeza kalasi anzawo. Pa kusintha Soviet asilikali pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ambiri Soviet nkhondowo magawano mkulu ndi Corps atsogoleri amene anamenya nawo Civil nkhondo kwa Red Army, analemba nkhani layoffs misa. Iwo ananena kuti mawu akuti "akapitao" amaona mu malingaliro awo monga "mdani", "wolemekezeka", kotero iwo sakufuna mutu wa "maofesara Soviet."

Ndiye mtima wofuna innovate chiri motere: Germany sadawopsa ku Soviet Union, ndi dziko, choncho kunali koyenera kuti adzaiwala kusiyana maganizo ndi zandale komanso kuteteza zofuna za Russia. Kusintha analenga mzimu wa kupitiriza ndi kuwina nkhondo ya mfumu. Mpaka pamenepo zoletsedwa yotchula zigonjetso ulemerero wa asilikali Russian mu nthawi chisanadze chosintha.

"Ana a alonda akuluakulu"

Ngakhale Petr Veliky anazindikira kuti okhwima Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira dongosolo mu Russia limakhudza anthu chitukuko cha boma: pafupifupi anthu onse mu mkhalidwe chidwi. Olemekezeka ankadziwa kuti Mulimonsemo iwo kusunthira ntchito makwerero. Ena M'malo mwake, kumvetsa kuti m'mikhalidwe palibe sikutheka "kulumpha pamwamba pa mutu wako." Great wokonzanso anathyola mwambo zaka zakubadwa: mu kusanja anali m'gulu, chimene chingalowe anayamba kugwiritsa magulu onse.

Chosintha chinali chifukwa chakuti akafika udindo wa munthu akhale mutu wa fuko lomveka a. ana ake tsogolo ali ndi ufulu kutenga udindo. Ndipotu, panali kusintha kuti anathetsa kukhwimitsa chitetezo Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira m'dziko lathu. Komabe, ana amene anabadwa mpaka bambo anakhumba udindo wawo akapatsidwa udindo - ". Ana (ana) alonda akuluakulu"

Kotero, ife kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zimene zili mu nkhani iyi otchuka. Monga mwana wa mkulu wa angathe kupeza mutu mwayi? Only munthu othandiza. Chifukwa Muzifunsa ena onse mwapadera osachita bungwe limene linali pamwamba pa malo awo oyambirira koma pansipa amazikonda anthu otchuka. Kenako mu 1832, "ana a alonda mkulu" adzakhala ndi udindo - "wolemekezeka nzika".