Mtondo: kawetedwe simenti?

Kupeza zotsatira mkulu khalidwe pomanga mtundu uliwonse wa dongosolo, m'pofunika kutsatira mfundo zokhudzana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito. Choncho, pamene kuyala maziko a nyumbayi, akuika makoma, ndi zina zotero, yosiyanasiyana njira yomanga, kuchita ndondomeko ya aliyense wa iwo zimasiyanasiyana. Kusadziwa mmene kupasuka simenti zikuchokera kupeza ndende anakhumba, sikutheka otsimikiza chifukwa bwino ntchito anachita.

Mitundu ya nyumba zikuchokera

Musanayambe muyankhe funso ili: "Kodi kupasuka simenti" - kuganizira anthu mortars , nkhaniyi ntchito. Pali ziri nyimbo zotsatirazi:

• Konkire njira. Mtundu ntchito mu ntchito monga kuika maziko, kulimbikitsa machenjerero zosiyanasiyana, screed Pansi ndi ena. Choncho, apa Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito simenti kuti sukulu zapamwamba. Lusoli kudziŵika kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri Mwaichi kotereku zipangizo monga slag, chuma aluminous ndi ena.
• Simenti-laimu zikuchokera. Mtundu wa njira angathe kumwedwa zosiyanasiyana (kwa jointing, ndi kupaka pulasitala kuti "zikande malaya" ndi ena). Onani kuti ayenera kudziwa kupasuka simenti, anapangira zinthu kukonzekera nkhani iliyonse, chifukwa mfundo zimenezi zingasiyane.
• Zomangamanga dongosolo.

Njira yokonza njira

Lingalilani kuchepetsa simenti kwa nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Monga tanenera kale, konkire Kusakaniza ntchito maziko. Kukonzekera zikuchokera amadalira zinthu zambiri, monga nyengo pa chaka (pamene nyumba ndi ikumangidwa), zikhalidwe za dera (chigawo) ndi ena. Izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana (plasticizers, modifiers ndi zosafunika ena) kuti kwambiri kusintha makhalidwe a simenti, kuchepetsa "kukonzera", kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa ming'alu ndi zina zotero. Komabe, mukhoza kuunikila mfundo zomwe zili zogwirizana ndi mitundu yonse ya konkire. Komanso kudziwa mmene kudzala simenti maziko a ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:

• njira zonse zikuchokera zonse - simenti, mchenga (zoyenera ntchito ntchito mtundu), miyala (miyala), ndi madzi.
• The chiŵerengero cha fillers ndi Lamulo malinga ndi mtundu binder amafotokozera, i.e. apamwamba a simenti mtundu, ndi lolemererapo adzakhala kugwirizana kwa njira. Choncho, pa 1 mita ³ mchenga otaya zinthu izi motere: M150 - makilogalamu 230, M200 - 185 makilogalamu, M300 - makilogalamu 120, M400 - 90 kg. Chiŵerengero komanso zimasiyanasiyana pa mtundu ndi kalasi konkire. Njira akhoza kukhala ali osokonezeka chifukwa Buku kuika kutenga zosakaniza mu magawo oterowo (anafotokoza m'madera): simenti M 300 (1), mchenga (3.5), miyala (miyala, 5) ndi madzi (1/2). Choncho anakonza konkire chizindikiro 50.
• madzi sayenera muli zosafunika monga mafuta, chlorinated mankhwala, zatsalira kwa madzi ena ndi zina zotero.
• njira khalidwe adzakhala bwino, ngati mtanda umayendetsedwa mu chosakanizira konkire.

Simenti-laimu zikuchokera kukonzedwa mu kufanana osiyanasiyana malingana ndi malo a ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, adzayankha kwambiri m'madera avale (masitepe, mavesi ndi zina zotero) amafunika mlingo otaya binder. Komabe, mukhoza kusankha njira wosakwatiwa, mfundo zikuluzikulu zimene ziri motere:

1. "Stubbed" laimu ndi madzi mu chidebe osiyana pasadakhale.
2. Sakanizani mchenga ndi simenti.
3. Kuchepetsa osakaniza ndi laimu "mkaka".

mankhwala chiŵerengero, malingana ntchitozo;

• kwa zipupa ndi denga - simenti (60 kg), mandimu (140 kg);
• ntchito pa stairways - simenti (100 makilogalamu) ndi mandimu (140 kg);
• kuchita gululi linamasulira - simenti (50 kg), mandimu (140 makilogalamu) ndi mchenga (1 mita ^3).

Zomangamanga matope angathe kukonzekera motere:

1. Sakanizani mchenga ndi simenti (3: 1) kuti alandire misa homogeneous.
2. madzi chitsekere, kuchuluka kwa potsata mlingo wa chinyezi cha mumchenga. Iwo akhoza anatsimikiza zowoneka ndi pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera ku thanki ndi oyambitsa. Njira yothetsera ayenera kukhala ductile osati kwanthawi kumbuyo tsamba.
3. The zikuchokera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa maola 2.

Kudziwa kawetedwe zosiyanasiyana za mortars simenti akhoza kusankha magawanidwe lamanja la m'nyanjazi zinthu ndi zinthu kusakaniza. N'zotheka kwambiri kusintha khalidwe la ntchito, imene nyimbo zimenezi ntchito.