Mtundu wa anthu

mitundu anthu ndi mitundu ndi kuphunzira ndi khalidwe zosiyanasiyana za sayansi. Choncho, mafuko kuphunzira sayansi chikhalidwe - ethnology. mafuko anthu kufufuza ndi Anthropology thupi, sayansi kwachilengedwenso.

Resettlement ya anthu pa dziko anayamba kalelo. Magulu, kuphunzira malo, mwachibadwa limodzi ndi mzake, chomwenso ndi mwachibadwa kutanthauza pafupi, kuphatikizapo m'banja.

Mistsegenatsiya (thupi kusanganikirana) a magulu osiyanasiyana, umene unayamba mu nthawi zakale, akupitiriza lero. Komabe, kusintha kwambiri otchedwa ethno-mitundu view dziko anapanga Great Ataliatali zaka IV-VII.

Chifukwa cha kuyanjana mafuko lero pafupifupi konse zimachitika mawonekedwe woyera. Mfundo imeneyi imagwiranso kwa mitundu yaikulu (mwachitsanzo, kum'mwera Chinese kunja distinguishable kuchokera kumpoto) ndi mayiko ochepa - mwachitsanzo, KHAKASIA, Mansis, Altaians, Hunt ndi ena anthu Siberia, Ural ndipo Volga, anapanga chifukwa cha mogwirizana Mongoloid ndi magulu Caucasoid.

South ndi Asian South-East mitundu amasiyana amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana mwamphamvu kusakaniza Australoid, Mongoloid ndi zinthu Caucasoid.

Mu South India, mtundu wa anthu amene timapemphera zochepa osiyanasiyana kuposa m'madera ena. Apa, mbali ndi mbali zambiri magulu boma mitundu amene asang'ambe wothira mzake. Izo ziyenera kuti zotchinga bwino pakati pa magulu kulibe, kotero mistsegenatsiya amapezeka.

Pambuyo atulukira America ndi chitukuko wotsatira amakuonani magulu awiri mwachilungamo lalikulu: mulatto ndi mestizo. Mestizos, zafala monga ana a Amwenye ndi 'azungu' ndi mulatto - ndi "woyera" ndipo Africa.

mtundu Australia-Negroid kunyanja osiyana tsitsi lopotana, mdima khungu. Mbali khalidwe monga ake lonse mphuno, lalikulu pakamwa, milomo wandiweyani. Mu gulu zikuphatikizapo mafuko awa:

1. The Australia - osiyana wavy tsitsi, mdima khungu ndi ndalama mvula ya tsitsi pa thupi ndi nkhope. The oimira subgroup ichi ndi kukula, amakhala kapena mkulu.
2. Veddoid mpikisano amakhala ndi kukula m'munsi ndi pang'ono tsitsi. anthu amenewa yocheperako mutu kukula ndi mphuno lonse.
3. Anthu a mtundu Melanesian, kuphatikizapo mitundu negritosskie akusiyana kwambiri anayamba tsitsi thupi. Mamembala ake komanso yodziwika ndi tsitsi lopotana, yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda zikope lokwera ndi mphamvu zokwanira.
4. Negroid, mosiyana Veddoid ndi Australia, ali kukwezeka tsitsi lopotana. Pakuti anthu awa, yodziwika ndi milomo wakuda ndi apamwamba ocular kanjira, otsika m'mphuno mizu, mkulu nyamuka.
5. Negrillskaya mtundu isiyana ndi Negroid milomo zochepa wandiweyani, aafupi. The oimira subgroup izi wochuluka ukachenjede tsitsi, ndi mphuno mutuluka zikuchepa.
6. Anthu otchedwa ma Bushmen osati aafupi, komanso mbandakucha complexion. mphuno zawo ndi yopapatiza, nkhope ya ndi athyathyathya ndipo ali ndi kukula yaing'ono.

Tisaiwale kuti m'madera ena miscegenation zinachitika okha kale mu nthawi ya Zapakati. Ena mitundu mistsegenatsiya ali mkulu mwamphamvu ndi lero.

Mitundu ali, poyamba pa zonse, ndi chinyezimiro cha makhalidwe avareji ina ya anthu. Pankhaniyi, munthu sangathe nthawi zonse unambiguously zimachitika ngakhale gulu lalikulu kwambiri. Ngakhale mulattos pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, anthu amene Nthaŵi zina makhalidwe ambiri otsutsana. Small mtundu m'deralo, azungu ambiri kumatanthauza zochokera deta zowerengera pafupifupi.