Mu chaka chimene anali Ice?

Mmodzi wa masamba yowala kwambiri mbiri Russian, limene kwa zaka zambiri amanditenga ndingaliro ya anyamata ndi mbiri yakale chidwi - ndi Nkhondo ya Ice, kapena Nkhondo ya Nyanja Peipus. Nkhondoyi asilikali Russian ku mizinda iwiri ya Novgorod ndi Vladimir, kutsogozedwa ndi achinyamata Alexander Nevski, anali kale dzina lakuti Nevsky anagonjetsa asilikali a Order Livonia.

Mu chaka chimene anali Ice? Nkhondo ya Nyanja Chud zinachitika April 5, 1242. Zinali nkhondo nkhondo yolimbana ndi magulu ankhondo Order, pansi pa chonamizira kuti kufala kwa chikhulupiriro chawo ncho m'mayiko ena okha. Mwa njira, za nkhondo imeneyi kawirikawiri ananenedwa ngati nkhondo ndi Germany Komabe, siziri choncho. The Livonia Order inali mu Baltic States. The zikuchokera asilikali Ndipotu Ankhondo ndi anamuperekeza ake, atumiki awo ndi Chidanishi asilikali a fuko la Chud, makolo a Estonians ano. Ndipo mawu akuti "German" m'masiku amenewo anati anthu amene salankhula mu Russian.

Nkhondo itatha pa ayezi mwa nyanja Chud, inayamba mu 1240, ndi pachiyambi kugonjetsa zovuta anali ku mbali ya Livonians: iwo anatengedwa kupita m'mizinda monga Pskov ndi Izhora. Pambuyo pake, ankhondowo anayamba kulanda dziko la Novgorod. Mpaka Novgorod iwo utafika 30 Km. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ndi nthawi Alexander Yaroslavovich akulamulira mu Pereslavl-Zalessky, kumene iye kuti achoke Novgorod. Mu 40s mochedwa, mumzinda wotchedwa Prince mmbuyo, ndipo iye sanali kudziwerengera ndi madandaulo akale, anatsogolera asilikali Novgorod.

Kale mu 1241, iye anaba ambiri Livonians a Novgorod ndi Pskov. M'chaka cha 1242 ku mphamvu za chitetezo Livonia Order, wa'mudzi wa Dorpat linatuluka reconnaissance unit. Pa mailosi 18 kuchokera poyambira, anakumana ndi gulu la Lazaro. Zinali detachment wamng'ono, yemwe ankapita patsogolo pa mphamvu yaikulu ya Prince Alexander Nevsky. Chifukwa cha chigonjetso zosavuta, Ankhondo anali okonda amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu zazikulu adzatha kupambana n'kosavuta. Ndicho chifukwa chake iwo asankha kupereka nkhondo.

Kwa Nevsky anabwera mendulo onse ankhondo otsogozedwa ndi Master. Magulu ankhondo Novgorod iwo anakomana ku Nyanja Chud. Macitidwe anatchula kuti Ice anali pafupi ndi mwala khwangwala Komabe, kudziwa kwenikweni kumene izo zinachitika, olemba mbiri ali Sadadzipangire. Pali lomwe nkhondo zinachitika pafupi chilumbachi, chimene lero amatchedwa Makwangwala. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Makwangwala mwala otchedwa thanthwe yaing'ono, imene tsopano mchikakamizo cha mphepo ndi madzi inasanduka sandstone. Ndipo ena a mbiri yakale pamaziko a mbiri Prussian, umene umati Ankhondo akufa anagwa udzu, izo anapeza kuti nkhondo zinachitikadi pafupi ndi gombe, titero, mu mabango.

Knights anali nkhumba wake mwambo alimbane. dzina limenelo linali yomanga ndewu imene asilikali onse ofooka anaikidwa pakati, ndipo patsogolo ndi flanks asilikali awo aphimbidwa. Nevsky komanso anakumana adani awo amene mwamanga mphamvu anafooka, womwe oyenda mwa dongosolo lomenyera nkhondo, wotchedwa zitendene. Nkhondo alimbane ngati Roma kalata V, mphako patsogolo. Mdani wa nkhondo zinali mbali ya recess izi, ndipo pomwepo anapezeka pakati pa mizere iwiri adani.

Choncho, Alexander Yaroslavovich woyikidwa Ankhondo nkhondo yaitali, m'malo alipidwa ulendo wawo wopambana mwa asilikali mdani. Akumenya nkhondo ndi ankhondowo oyenda akuukira flanks a kwambiri asilikali a ku dzanja lamanzere ndi lamanja. Izi kusintha kwa zinthu pa iwo anali mosayembekezeka, ndi chisokonezo anayamba abwerere, ndipo patapita kanthawi chabe kuthawa ignominiously. Panthawi imeneyi pa nkhondo anabwera Kukwera Akavalo abisalire Regiment.

Russian lankhosa Goliyati mwa Nyanja Peipsi. Akukhulupirira kuti mfundo za asilikali mdani anapita pansi ayezi. Ambiri kufalitsa maganizo kuti chifukwa zida olemera a Ankhondo. M'pomveka kunena kuti izi siziri choncho. Lolemera mbale zida za Ankhondo anali anatulukira zaka zingapo zitatha. M'zaka za m'ma XIII, manja awo sanali amasiyana manja a kalonga Russian wankhondo chisoti, makalata unyolo, chifuwa, mapewa greaves ndi bracers. Inde, ndi zida imeneyi sanali onse. Analephera monga Ankhondo ayezi chifukwa chosiyana. Moti Nevsky kuwagwiritsa gawo la nyanja, kumene chifukwa cha mbali zosiyanasiyana za ayezi sanali wamphamvu monga m'malo ena.

Pali Mabaibulo ena. Mfundo Zina, kutanthauza kuti nkhani kumizidwa Ankhondo imapezeka mu mbiri kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XIV, ndi iwo amene anapanga pa chidendene cha palibe mawu, ndi kuti pansi pa nyanja adakali sanapezeke iliyonse kuda Ankhondo a Order Livonia, amati uku kuli chabe nthano wokongola, zomwe ziribe kanthu kochita ndi chowonadi.

Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, Nkhondo pa Ice pa kugonja kotheratu kwa Order. Tidampulumutsa okhawo amene anatseka dongosolo, ndiyo mbuye yekha ndi ena anamuperekeza wake. Kenako, mtendere anamaliza pa yopindulitsa kwambiri Russia zinthu. Oukira amasiya zonena zonse kwa mzinda anagonjetsa, ndipo anasiya nkhondo. Malire anakhazikitsa pa nthawi imeneyo, komabe zinali zogwirizana kwa zaka zingapo.

Choncho, zikuonekeratu kuti Nkhondo ya Ice mu 1242 anasonyeza ukulu wa asilikali Russian ndi luso Russian kumenyana, njira ndi njira za ku Ulaya.