Amene analamulira pambuyo Peter 1? Russia pambuyo Peter 1

Mbiri ya Russia wolemera nyengo zosiyanasiyana zomwe wasiya chizindikiro chake mu dziko. Mmodzi wa yopindulitsa kwambiri ndipo otsutsana ndi mkangano waukulu wakhala ufumu wa Peter Ine Wamkulu, amene anamaliza mogwirizana ndi imfa yadzidzidzi ya Mfumu January 25, 1725.

Russia popanda mfumu? Amene analamulira pambuyo Peter 1

zaka zitatu asanamwalire autocrat anali kukhazikitsa lamulo, lomwe linasintha kuti poyamba analipo a kulowezana kwa Mpandowachifumu: tsopano wolowa sanakhale mwana wamkulu, ndi mwana amene atate wake ankaona woyenera kutenga malo a ulemu. chisankho Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti mwana wa mfumu, ndi wolowa lingathe wachifumu Tsarevich Aleksey, mlandu chiwembu bambo ake, ndi chifukwa, anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Mu 1718 kalonga anafa makoma a mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

Komabe asanamwalire, Peter Ine analibe nthawi kuti asankhe mfumu yatsopano, kusiya dziko, kukula kwa amene wapanga khama kwambiri, popanda mtsogoleri.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, zaka zingapo akhala kalikiliki ambiri coups yachifumu, cholinga chimene anali kulanda mphamvu. Popeza kuti panalibe boma anamuika wolowa nyumba pofuna kukhala pa mpando wachifumu kumufotokozera kuti amuchitire ufulu umenewu.

The kulanda boma choyamba, kuyendetsedwa ndi alonda mkazi wa Peter I - ndi kubadwa Marty Skavronskoy, yotchuka kudziwika monga Ekaterina Alekseevna Mihaylova (Catherine I) - anabweretsa zopangira yoyamba m'mbiri ya mkazi Russian.

Ankaonetsetsa yoikidwa tsogolo Mfumukazi zonse Russian kugwirizana pakati pa mfumu mochedwa, Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, amene anakhala de A facto wolamulira wa dziko.

Russia pambuyo Peter 1 - zapadera wapadera mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi. kuti kwambiri ndiponso chilango, chimene mwina yodziwika ulamuliro wa Mfumu, tsopano anataya mphamvu yake kale.

Catherine I: ndi ndani?

March Skavronskaya (tsopano Mfumukazi dzina) kubanja osauka Baltic. Iye anabadwa April 5, 1684. Kumayambiriro anataya makolo onse, iye anakulira m'banja la m'busa Chiprotestanti.

Pa Great kumpoto nkhondo (pakati Sweden ndi Russia), mu 1702, mu March, pamodzi ndi anthu ena a linga Marienburg anagwidwa ndi asilikali a Russia, ndiyeno utumiki wa Prince Menshikov. Pali awiri Mabaibulo a mmene zimenezi zinachitikira.

Baibulo lina limanena kuti March anakhala mbuye wa Chiwerengero Sheremetyev - mkulu wa asilikali Russian. Iye anaona Prince Alexander Danilovich - ankakonda Petra Velikogo - ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wake, anatenga mtsikana kunyumba kwake.

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, Marta munakhala akapolo yosamalira msilikali Baur, komwe maso ake ndi kuika Menshikov natenga kunyumba kwake. Ndipo apa anazindikira yekha Peter I.

Rapprochement ndi Peter I

Pa zaka 9 Martha anali mbuye wa mfumu. Mu 1704, iye anabereka mwana wake woyamba - mwana wa Peter ndipo kenako mwana wachiwiri - Paul. Komabe, anyamata awiri anaphedwa.

Mapangidwe a mfumukazi tsogolo akatenga mlongo wa Peter I - Natalia A., Martha ophunzitsidwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Ndipo mu 1705, anabatizidwa mu Orthodox mtsikana wina dzina lake Mihaylovoy Ekateriny Alekseevny. Mu zaka 1708 ndi 1709 amabadwa Catherine mwana wamkazi wa Peter I - Anna ndi Elizabeth (pambuyo pake anakhala pa mpando wachifumu mu dzina la Elizabeth).

Pomaliza mu 1712 mpingo wa St. John Dalmitskogo ukwati wa Peter I - Catherine membala zonse za banja lachifumu. 1724 zinali zodzaza ndi wapadera coronation Marty Skavronskoy mu Mfundo Cathedral mu Moscow. Iye analandira korona m'manja mwa mfumu.

Amene ndi pamene malamulo Russia

Atamwalira Peter 1 Russia kwathunthu kuzindikira zimene zimafunika kuti dziko popanda wina wamphamvu. Popeza Prince Menshikov anapambana mtima wa mfumu, ndipo kenako anathandiza Catherine ndaima mutu wa boma, funso la amene akulamulira pambuyo Peter 1, yankho lolondola ndi - Prince Alexander Danilovich, kutenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa dziko ndi kutenga zosankha zofunika kwambiri. Komabe, ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi, ngakhale thandizo lamphamvu chotere, sizinakhalitse - mpaka May 1727.

Pamene yache pa mpando wachifumu wa Catherine Ine, yofunika kwambiri mu malamulo a Russia pa nthawi imeneyo ankaimba Wamkulukulu atamva Council, kukhazikitsa pamaso pa chitunda kuti mpando wachifumu wa Mfumukazi. Amaphatikiza ngati wolemekezeka ndi wotchuka mu Russian ufumu pa anthu nthawi ngati Prince Alexander Menshikov (mutu wa thupi), wotchedwa Dmitry Golitsyn, Fyodor Apraksin, Peter Tolstoy.

Poyamba ulamuliro wa Catherine ine yafupika misonkho wakhululukidwa akaidi ambiri kugwirizana ndi m'ndende. Zinapangitsa kusintha ofanana akhala kuopa zachiwawa chifukwa cha kukwera mitengo, omwe akupatsidwa kungabweretse kusakhutira pakati pa nzika.

Komanso, yayimitsidwa kapena kusinthidwa kusintha ikuchitika ndi Peter:

• ntchito zochepa wotchuka mu moyo ndale za dziko anayamba kuimba Senate;

• abwanamkubwa n'kuyamba Makonsolo;

• A ntchito yapadera lopangidwa ndi atsogoleri a asilikali wakhala liyende bwino a asilikali.

Zaluso Catherine I. M'banja ndi mfundo yachilendo

Pakuti amene akulamulira pambuyo Peter 1 (kunena za mkazi wake), kunali kovuta kumenya mfumu wokonzanso mu malamulo m'zigawozigawo. Kuchokera zaluso Dziwani kulengedwa kwa Academy of Sciences ndi gulu la ulendo, kutsogozedwa ndi Wofufuzayo wotchuka Vitus Bering Kamchatka.

Mu mfundo yachilendo ambiri, Catherine ine ndikugwirizira view mwamuna wake: Iye anavomereza amanena Holstein Duke Karla Fridriha (adza kwa mwana wake malamulo) kuti Schleswig. Zimenezi zinachititsa ubale sefani ndi Britain ndi Denmark. Zotsatira zake zinali nkhondo pakati inalowa Russia kuti Soviet Vienna (zimene zinaphatikizapo Spain, Prussia ndi Austria) mu 1726.

Russia pambuyo Peter 1 anapeza kwambiri kuti mu Kurland. Zinali kwambiri moti Prince Menshikov anakonza kukhala pa mutu wa duchy, koma am'deralo ndakufotokozerani kusakhutira za izo.

Ndiyamika mfundo yachilendo ya Catherine Ine ndi Alexander Danilovich (kuti ndi amene analamulira Russia atamwalira Peter 1 Ndipotu), ufumu akhoza kutenga Shirvan dera (kukhala zokambirana akwaniritsa pa nkhani ku Persia ndi Turkey). Komanso, kuthokoza kwa Prince Raguzinsky, kugwirizana ndi China inakhazikitsidwa.

Mapeto a ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi

Catherine Ine, mphamvu zinatha mu May 1727, pamene Mfumukazi anafa m'chaka 44 cha moyo ku matenda a m'mapapo. Iwo anamuika mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

Asanafe, Catherine anafuna kuti mwana wake wamkazi Mfumukazi Elizabeth Komabe, kamodzinso anamvera Menshikov ndipo anasankha wolowa ndi mdzukulu wa mfumu ya Russia - Peter II Alexeyevich, amene pa nthawi ya inalowa ufumu ndi zaka 11.

Regent sanali wina kuposa Prince Alexander Danilovich (mfundo imeneyi kamodzinso zimatsimikizira, amene analamulira pambuyo Peter 1 mu Russia). Menshikov anakwatilana kumene mfumu ndi mwana wake Maria, motero zina kulimbikitsa wa courtly ndi anthu moyo.

Komabe, mphamvu ya Prince Alexander Danilovich sizinakhalitse pambuyo pa imfa ya Mfumu Peter II , iye mlandu chiwembu ndipo anamwalira mu ukapolo.

Russia pambuyo Petra Velikogo - ichi ndi boma zosiyana kotheratu, kumene malo oyamba si kusintha kunja ndipo kusinthika, ndi kulimbana mpando wachifumu, ndi kuyesa kuti atsimikizire ukulu wa ena makalasi pa ena.