Ankadikira Gangut: kufotokoza, mbiri, atsogoleri, ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Ankadikira "Hanko" pamodzi ndi zombo 3 ija chinaikidwa pa 16.06.1909 Admiralty doko la zombo zapanyanja. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha chitsitsimutso cha zombo Russian. Launch unachitikira 24.09.1911, kutsirizitsa wake unatha zaka 2. Mu 1913, iye mayeso, kuvomereza, ndipo mu December 1914 anagwirizana 1st Brigade a Nkhondo ya Baltic zombo.

ANAKULIRA yomanga zombo zatsopano

The prerequisites kumangira Nkhondo anayi nyanja ya Baltic, kuphatikizapo nkhondo "Hanko," anali kugonjetsedwa lathunthu la Russian Ufumu wa Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo ya 1905. Vuto la Tsushima patsogolo Nicholas II ndi boma la Russia ufumu awiri ntchito yofunika kwambiri chofunika kuti analankhula mwachangu:

• Full backwardness la zombo Russian poyerekeza ndi limati zina capitalist.
• Mtheradi dongosolo mismatch ulamuliro zofuna ndi zolinga za maphunziro cadre zimene zinali zofunika kuthetsa mavuto yomanga ndi mapangidwe zombo za.

chakuti mutu a magulu panyanja ya Russian Ufumu sanali anakumana admirals amene amadziwa zosowa kukanikiza la zombo si zongomva, strategists si anakumana ndi tacticians, ndi asilikali-General amene mfumu yoikidwa membala wa m'banja lachifumu. Wothandizira bwana wamkulu wa asilikali anali dipatimenti panyanja.

Zigamulo zonse zofunika ndi malangizo a Navy anadzipereka mfumu, amene pang'ono amazindikira usilikali, makamaka nyanja. Boma ambiri anali alibe chiphunzitso ankhondo, zomwe akanaikamo chitukuko cha mapulogalamu chombo zomanga ndi specifications luso kumangira zombo ndi zipangizo za panyanja.

Iwo anatsikira chakuti Russia analibe makhoti osati kupita ku nyanja - pafupifupi kanthu kuteteza malire.

pulogalamu shipbuilding

mapulogalamu tiwiri yapangidwa, chimene mu nthawi yochepa kumangidwa kwa Baltic ndi Black Sea Fleets galimoto latsopano. anali kumanga chombo 4 M'pofunika Nyanja Baltic, kuphatikizapo nkhondo "Hanko", 3 sitima zankhondo ndi mayi chombo cha utumiki wawo.

Pakuti Black Sea zombo anali kumanga 14 ofunkha ndi sitima zankhondo atatu. Turkey, powona zinthu pa Nyanja Black akudzipereka mwachangu kugula 3 Nkhondo zatsopano mu England ndi Brazil. Choncho, kusintha anapangidwa yomweyo ndipo anaganiza zomanga atatu mtundu wofanana wa ngalawa "Mfumukazi Maria", 9 ofunkha ndi "Mabala" mtundu 6 sitima zankhondo.

Nkhondo padziko lonse itayamba mu 1914, palibe mapulogalamu sanali anachita Komanso sitima osakwatiwa sanali anapezerapo.

Series zombo, kuphatikizapo nkhondo "Hanko"

dreadnoughts onse anayi a Baltic zombo Series "Hanko" anaikidwa pansi tsiku limodzi, 6/16/1909, pa Admiralty doko la zombo zapanyanja. yomanga awo anali ikuchitika motsogoleredwa ndi akatswiri odziwa Russian. The ogulitsa waukulu anali Russian mabizinezi. Zida anali ndi Izhora, zida zankhondo - ndi Obukhov, zida zankhondo nsanja - ndi Putilovsky ndi mafakitale zitsulo.

Mu September, iwo anapezerapo, koma kuyengedwa ndi kumalizidwa kwa Nkhondo anachedwa. Amachititsa: zomera Russian anali kukhala umisiri ndi zomwe athana ndi vuto; Makampani yachilendo, amene anaikidwa malangizo kwa zipangizo zombo mwadala akusokoneza ndi kuchedwa makontena. Chifukwa cha chisoni. zombo Subquality anatumidwa mu December 1914, ndipo ambiri a nkhondo anaima mu misewu, popanda kuwomba mfuti umodzi.

Kufotokozera zombo

Ntchito Nkhondo zoona, akhala patsogolo kwambiri chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, koma analibe nthawi kapena njira akukumbutseni maina onse. Sizinapezekebe anayesedwa pamaso yobereka la zombo, amene adzalola kuti akonze zolakwika. Iwo kale ikuchitika mwa anthuwo, pamene palibe chomwe chingakhale cholondola. zotsatira zake zinali zokhumudwitsa kufika kuti yomweyo wachinsinsi monga mobisika, zombo za nkhondo anaima mu misewu.

Pakuti dreadnoughts deta anali yodziwika ndi silhouette losavuta: sitimayo chapamwamba anali ndi mzere woongoka, nsanja anayi a Civil Code inali ku mlingo chomwecho, choppers awiri ndi mipope iwiri. Thupi lonse lagawidwa khumi makontena yopingasa watertight bulkheads. Atatu oti muli nazo zida sitimayo. Tower batire waukulu anapereka equidistantly wachibale wina ndi mzake.

Mu gawo pakati pa chombo chinali kukatentha ndi injini unsembe. magulu zogona malo zili pa uta. Mu kumbuyo - linaikidwa cabins alondawo, kum'patula zida, mphamvu, wailesi chipinda.

Mbali yaikulu ya "Hanko" Nkhondo anali kapangidwe ndi kutumizgika zida zankhondo. Apa, kakobiri wapanga Obukhov zomera, kupanga latsopano mfuti 52 likungosonyeza ndi khama zitsulo fakitale anakhazikitsa trohorudiynaya nsanja unsembe. Khumi 305 mamilimita mofulumira-mfuti, ndi osiyanasiyana ndi pa okwera okhota madigiri 25 kuposa 23 Km.

Tower unsembe anali kulemera matani 773 ndi zida ndi mpweya wabwino ndi magetsi. Pansi Tower ndi kusunga zida. Awiri mfuti plutongi pooled 120-millimeter mfuti wanga. Kuwombera chachikulu ndi likungosonyeza wanga unali m'manja ntchito Heusler dongosolo 2 ndi rangefinders kuwala.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Ubwino waukulu wa nkhondo "Hanko" mosakayikira ndi zida zankhondo, amene zinthu zambiri kuposa analogues yachilendo. kutukula pano wosatsutsika mtengo ndi executors zomera awiri Russian - Obukhov ndi zitsulo.

Enawo, izo anatsimikizira yosavuta choonadi - kulephera kugwirizanitsa maganizo kwakukulu, popanda nsembe chilichonse. Ndi za kaphatikizidwe zida zamphamvu zida moti, mkulu kuthamanga liwiro, lalikulu ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana. Izo zonse pamodzi zinali zosatheka kuti nthawi imeneyi. Kunali kofunika kwa nsembe chinthu kuyandikira kwa mukufuna. Izi zachitika likuvutika zida ndiponso kukhala malo abwino kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Chomvetsa anakhala oyendetsa yekha Japanese.

sangathe china chofunika kwambiri watsimikizira otsika kwambiri seakeeping. Kunali kosatheka kuti atenge pa bolodi mafuta okwanira chifukwa loona zoopsa. Iye anatsimikizira izi ulendo zikuluzikulu mu 1929.

Nkhondo

Komabe, nkhondo "Hanko" nawo nkhondoyo wa First World nkhondo. Mu November 1915 ndi cruisers wa 1 Brigade, pansi pa amati ndi nkhondo "Petropavlovsk" ndi "Hanko" m'dera Chilumba cha Gotland anapirira kuposa mphindi 550.

Mu 1918, kusintha chaonekera nkhondo ku Helsingfors kuti Kronstadt. Pambuyo kukhazikitsanso mu 1925 anadzatchedwa ndi "October utasintha". Iye amatenga gawo mu Russo-Chifinishi nkhondo. Pa Great kukonda dziko lako kumbuyo Leningrad. warship ichi, chimene, ngakhale kuti amalakwitsa ake, chifukwa oyendetsa Russian ndi Soviet ndi alonda amene anadutsa njira ulemerero.

Pa zaka 47 za utumiki, zombo za Russia, ndiyeno - Soviet Union, anasintha kwambiri kwa olamulira a nkhondo "Hanko". Nthawi zambiri, ndi akapitawo zabwino, ndaleredwa mu miyambo ya zombo Russian. Pakuti utumiki, mu 1944, nkhondo kupereka dongosolo la Red mbendela.

Ankadikira "Hanko" (1890): mbiri ya chilengedwe

Ankadikira "Hanko" - si sitima yekha mu Russian Navy ndi dzina lomweli. 4. aitanidwa sitimayo kuti dzina laulemerero chasandulika mwambo. Aliyense m'chombo ali tsogolo yake ndi cholinga, koma ubale wawo pamodzi dzina wamba ndi amayanjana ndi ulemerero Russian apanyanja. Dzina la chombo wapatsidwa polemekeza Cape wa Hanko, wapafupi chilumba cha Hanko, Finland, zomwe anatsiriza chigonjetso loyamba la Russian zombo pa Swedish.

Armadillo "Hanko '(1890) anali chotengera lachitatu ndi dzina lomweli. Linamangidwa mbali ya zaka 20 shipbuilding pulogalamu. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kapangidwe nkhondo sizinali zabwino kwambiri, ndi khalidwe la zomangamanga anali osauka, ndipo izi zinachititsa kuti pamapeto pake kuwonongedwa kwa sitimayo. chachikulu drawback ake - mkulu zimamuchulukira, amene Komabe, tsoka osati makampani Russian shipbuilding. Ichi ndi vuto anakumana ndi mayiko ena.

Ankadikira Russian Imperial zombo "Hanko" anakhazikitsidwa mu St. Petersburg pa doko la zombo zapanyanja Admiralty mu 1888. Patapita zaka ziwiri anapanga kutsika madzi. Kulembedwa mu 1894. Pa ntchito imene anali anavomereza zimamuchulukira wa tonnes 600, zimene zinachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka madipoziti ndi kuchepa mu liwiro.

Imfa ya nkhondo ya "Hanko"

Ngalawa izi zinachitika nkhani pafupifupi lachinsinsi, zimene zinachititsa kuti imfa yake. M'dzinja 1896 ndi nkhondo rammed pansi pa chombo mumchenga pa thanthwe kuti pafupifupi zinachititsa kuti imfa yake. Iye ali kusuntha kwake kwa Kronstadt, kumene anaikidwa doko la kukonza, yemwe ankapita kuyang'aniridwa wa lodziwika bwino asilikali Makarov CHONCHO Mu June 1897, iye anachita nawo Zochita mwatsatanetsatane, kubwerera kumene akuthamanga mu uncharted adalowetsedwa thanthwe.

maola asanu adalira alimba mtima anamenyera nkhondo moyo chombo. Koma onse sizinathandize. Apulumutse sitimayo analephera chifukwa kuphwanya partitions zikayamba kuti anatilola pa ntchito yomanga. Iye anapita pansi ndipo komabe ili pa akuya Vyborg Bay. Wa oyendetsa sanali munthu amene anafa. Captain Tichotsky Km panokha Ine anayesedwa kulikonse zilipo za sitima imene ikumira, ndipo patapita kukhala wotsimikiza kuti onse apulumutsidwe, anamusiya.

Wosindikiza "Hanko". Monograph Series "Midel chimango"

Zombo, monga anthu, ndi tsogolo lawo. Ena ndi moyo wautali zonse kugonjetsedwa ndi ulemerero. Chachiwiri - wolimbikira ntchito chikumbumtima kugwira ntchito yawo. Enanso - amene ali moyo waufupi koma yowala. Kwa anthu amene ali ndi chidwi ndi mbiri ya zombo, ndi zombo, zotsatira zawo makamaka kusindikiza "Hanko" umabala mndandanda wa monographs yakuti "Midel chimango", magazini iliyonse laperekedwa kwa munthu mmodzi kapena angapo zojambula za ngalawa ntchito kwa kayeseleledwe lapansi. Kuphatikizapo kumasulidwa kwakonzedweratu ndi kusindikiza nyumba "Hanko" - "Midel chimango", "nkhondo" Mfumukazi Maria "- Zojambula".

Battlecruiser "Hanko" Mosiyana ndi nkhondo "Mfumukazi Maria" - ndi Mwamunayu, awiri otsiriza zapadziko lonse. moyo wake chidwi, za anthu amene ndinakutulutsani ulemerero m'chombomo, yofalitsa "Hanko" pa nkhani monographs "Midel chimango" ndi chipinda wodzipereka ku nkhondo "Hanko". Zojambula kudzakuthandizani akatswiri kuchita chitsanzo ndi kuwerenga nkhani zosangalatsa za chotengera ndi miyoyo ya anthu amene chombo chidafika kunyumba ndi siteshoni ntchito. Pangani m'chombo ndi manja awo - kodi chidwi kwambiri? Chitsanzo cha nkhondo "Hanko" mu lonse la 1: 350.

Pomaliza

Mbiri ya zombo Russian ndi bwino zoona chidwi. Zingatanthauze kuti imfa ya nkhondo "Hanko" - bwino, kuti pangakhale chidwi? Osati ngwazi ngati "Varyag" anaphedwa kumenyana ndi mdani. Koma izi sizili choncho. Ndi N'zomvetsa chisoni, ndipo, ngati zingamvekere ena, maphunziro ichi, kulimbitsa zofunika zombo unsinkable anali yotengedwa. Mwa maganizodwe a asilikali Makarov CHONCHO, bulkheads watertight tsopano akuyesedwa njira yatsopano, amene anapulumutsa miyoyo ya oyendetsa zambiri pa kuwomba makoma. A ft mkulu 1 udindo Tichotsky Km ndi gulu lake, kuti maola 6, kuphatikizapo usiku Kandulo, anachita zonse kuti apulumutse sitimayo, ndi woyenera kulemekezedwa.