Mumve tebulo Twardowski "moyo ndi ntchito": kufotokoza mbiri ya ndakatulo iyi

Mumve tebulo Twardowski "moyo ndi ntchito" angathe kukhala mbali yofunika kwambiri kuphunzira Wolemba ndakatulo mu maphunziro kusukulu mabuku. wolemba amadziwika kwambiri ngati mlengi wa wotchuka chifanizo cha Vasiliya Terkina, koma ophunzira ayenera kukumbukira kuti anali ndi makhalidwe kwambiri Mipikisano faceted ndi anatchuka kwambiri osati monga wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba, mtolankhani, wolemba nkhani journalistic ndi yovuta.

zaka zoyambirira

Khalani limasonyeza kuti bwino kwambiri kumbukirani mfundo za mbiri ya wotchuka amathandiza ophunzira kuchuluka tebulo. Twardowski akukondedwa ndi amakumbukira owerenga ambiri ngati wolemba aluso amene zinatchuka zolondola, zosangalatsa komanso zokongola chinenero, pafupi ndi folklore ndi wowerengeka.

Wolemba anafika ku banja yosavuta dziko. Iye anabadwa mu 1910 mu chigawo Smolensk. Bambo ake anali wosula, ndipo mayi ake adadza kwa homesteaders limodzi. Komabe, iwo anali mabuku kunyumba, nthawi zambiri madzulo makolo a mwanayo kuwerenga ntchito za mabuku Russian. Motero anagwada mu chikondi ndi ndakatulo. Pali view kuti iye anali mwana analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba, imene kwina kulikonse analembedwa kuyambira pamenepo anali ataphunzitsidwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Mumve tebulo Twardowski moyo kumaphatikizapo m'nyengo yoyambirira ya moyo wake anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa malingaliro ake. Iye anapita ku sukulu mudzi, ndiye analembetsa ku University Pedagogical, omwe si maphunziro. Kwa nyengo uli wake woyamba zatsopano zolembalemba: Twardowski analemba ndakatulo angapo omwe asindikizidwe m'nyuzipepala ya m'deralo.

Bwino loyamba

The nkhani zikuluzikulu zilandiridwenso mabuku a wolemba tiyenera kuonetsera tebulo kuchuluka. Twardowski amadziwika monga wolemba ndakatulo dziko amene analemba chinenero lomwenso ndi zomveka kuposa akutsutsana ndi olemba ena ambiri, amene anali kufunafuna njira zatsopano zinenero akuti maganizo awo, choncho ntchito yao sankamvetsa bwinobwino ndi owerenga wamba.

Mu 1930s ndi wolemba ndakatulo anatchuka kwambiri osati chifukwa ndakatulo wake, koma ndakatulo. Choyamba iye anafotokoza kuti achinyamata ndipo anathandiza ndakatulo M. Isakovsky. Iye anavomereza woyamba zatsopano mabuku a wolemba wamng'ono. Panthawi imeneyi, lofalitsidwa ndi mndandanda wa ndakatulo Aleksandra Trifonovicha ndi ndakatulo, wotchuka kwambiri a wotchedwa "The Land wa Nyerere" (1936). Mu ntchito iyi, wolemba ali anafotokoza kufunafuna wangwiro yosavuta wamba dziko, kotero mu mawonekedwe a zosatheka mphatso masomphenya ake tsogolo la anthu Union. Mu chaka chomwecho wolemba maphunziro Institute of History, Philosophy ndi Literature Moscow.

yankhondo

M'zaka nkhondo, mwina kutenga malo chachikulu pa moyo wolembayo, kotero iwo ayenera kusonyeza tebulo kuchuluka. Twardowski pa kumenyana yoikidwiratu mtolankhani, ntchito adakhala zinamuchitikira kwambiri ngati moyo asilikali zojambula kwakukulukulu anamuuza kuti nkhondo ndakatulo yomwe inasindikizidwa kenako pansi udindo "Frontline mawu". Koma chochitika chachikulu cha nthawi iyi anali Inde, buku la ndakatulo wake "Vasily Terkin". Monga anavomereza ndi wolemba, kuti chikhalidwe anali woyamba pakati mu 1939, koma mu zaka nkhondo, koma kenako anatuluka monga fano gulu la womenya otchuka.

Twardowski, tebulo mumve za moyo ndi ntchito yomwe ndi nkhani ya review kuti alembe ntchito yake yotchuka ku 1941 mpaka 1945. Ndakatulo yomweyo wabweza chikondi dziko ndi kuzindikira. Komanso, akhala akutama olemba ena. Mwachitsanzo, Bunin amanenela ndakatulo moona otchuka ndi chinenero n'zosadabwitsa owala, olemera ndi mosangalatsa. Chifukwa bwino uyu kwagona kuti wolemba anafotokoza mtundu wa Russian msilikali yosavuta anasonyeza udindo wake chigonjetso. Nthabwala, losavuta mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, komanso zoti Yesu ndi moyo fano kutsogolo anapereka mankhwala kutchuka wautali kwambiri mwa omvetsera onse.

M'zaka pambuyo nkhondo,

Mutu: "Twardowski: kuchuluka gome la moyo ndi ntchito" ukutchulidwa kwambiri mu Maphunziro a mabuku Russian. Izo ziyenera kudzakhala njira zofunika osati zolembalemba komanso kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa za wolemba. Nkhondo itatha, anaikidwa mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini "New World". Iye anagwiritsitsa positi kuyambira 1950 mpaka 1954. Motsogozedwa wake, magazini wakhala kamwa ya apano owolowa manja mabuku, zimene wolemba anazunzidwa ndi kudzudzulidwa. Mu zaka 1950-1960 analemba ndakatulo zina, mwa amene payokha amatchedwa "Pakuti kutali -. Thambolo" Apa tiyenera kuona ubale umene m'malo ovuta a ndakatulo iyi kwa Soviet Union.

M'munsimu mudzapeza tebulo ndi zikuluzikulu yaikulu ya moyo Twardowski.

malo umoyo ndale

Pa dzanja limodzi, wolemba anakhalabe malamulo, makamaka, iye anavomereza collectivization, ngakhale achibale ake anaika anagonjetsa. Komano, iye sanali anatsatira ambiri olemba ena kutsindika ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwa chipani popindula nkhondo. Mu mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, iye anafotokoza chisoni chifukwa cha imfa ya Stalin Komabe, ankatsutsana ndi a mwambo wa umunthu ndi momvetsera wa chipanichi.

ntchito mkonzi

Dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky, tebulo kuchuluka kwa moyo umene amasonyeza zosiyanasiyana za ntchito yake, wachita yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa Soviet nyengo mabuku m'firiji pamtunda. Kuyambira 1958 mpaka 1970, wolemba kamodzinso anali ngati "New World" magazini mkonzi. Ngakhale podzudzula ndi kusakhutira ndi mtsogoleri wa MCP, anafalitsa ntchito achinyamata ndi latsopano olemba, amene ntchito nthawi zambiri kuthamanga kumatsutsana kolowera chipani.

Atamwalira kuukira yosindikiza Khrushchev a itakula. Komabe, palibe amene amadzinenera kusuntha ndakatulo wolemekezeka ku malo ake. Ndiye zipolopolo wachiwiri wake ndi mu malo awo kuika anthu ankhanza. Kenako, wolemba wapanga anatsanzika ndipo anamwalira patapita chaka. Choncho Twardowski mbiri, tebulo kuchuluka amaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi, anali owala ndi zimalimbikitsa, kumasonyeza zosiyanasiyana za luntha lake.