Modern Western Sociology

XX atumwi inali nthawi ya chitukuko tima kwambiri za sayansi chikhalidwe. Modern kumadzulo Chaanthu chabe zinachitika mu nthawi ino. Zinali nthawi imeneyi panali mndandanda wa ziphunzitso ndi zinthu, Society National wa Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe ndi mayiko Sociological Association zakhazikitsidwa, kukulitsa njira Ntchito ya maphunziro wazotsatira kuti akutsatiridwa mu chimango cha kafukufuku malo.

Modern kumadzulo Chaanthu unachokera mu Europe, koma ndi 20 ntchentche wa XX atumwi. kutsogolera malo Chaanthu anasamukira ku United States. Mu dziko lino, sayansi za khalidwe la anthu anayamba kukhala ndi sayansi ntchito, zomwe lolunjika pa lingaliro positivist wa molondola ndi Kudziwa za umboni wa sayansi. Ndi ofufuza American Chaanthu kwa sayansi ongolankhula ali kusanduka mu zothandiza.

Limodzi ndi kukuchititsa zimenezi of Western Chaanthu amakono anayamba m'mayiko ena monga Chaanthu lofunika maphunziro. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kusiyana makonzedwe Chaanthu pa Ntchito ndi ongolankhula.

Modern kumadzulo Sociology monga mwambo lagawidwa nambala mokwanira lalikulu minda osiyana sayansi ndi sukulu. M'kagulu zovuta chifukwa iwo ali osiyana ndi ongolankhula lathu, ndi nthawi ya yatsoka ndi njira kafukufuku.

Mmodzi wa classifications yabwino ndi wamba motere. mumaganiza Sociological anawagawa m'magulu awiri onenepa. Choyamba ndi "macrosociological" chiphunzitso, ndicho chimene chiri kwa zopanda pa ulamuliro wa anthu poyerekezera ndi munthu wosakwatira. Nzeru ya gulu zikukhudza kuyenda kwa mseri chiweruzo, ndicho, mfundo "umunthu" wa "anthu" ndi mfundo yonena za "dongosolo anthu."

Chiyambi cha ziphunzitso izi amabwerera ziphunzitso za Comte, Durkheim, G. Spencer. gulu ili mulinso structural ndi zinchito kusanthula (lotsogoleredwa ndi T. Parsons), chiphunzitso nkhondo (lotsogoleredwa ndi L. Coser ndi Dahrendorf), structuralism (Levi-Strauss, Foucault), Determinism zamakono (V . Rostow Dron R., D. Bell, J. Galbraith) Neoevolutionism (J. Stewart, L. White, J .. Murdoch), ndipo ena.

Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo "microsociological" chiphunzitso, imene cholinga chake kuika patsogolo mu malo oyamba - umunthu, munthu, munthu. Alikufuna kufotokoza ambiri malamulo sociological kuchifotokoza dziko mkati mwa munthu, makamaka kwa anzake a munthu ndi anthu ena nawo anthu. The njira ya gulu la asayansi amafuna kuyenda kuchokera makamaka kwa onse, kuyambira anthu dongosolo anthu.

Yambani lopinda ziphunzitso izi amatanthauza maganizo a M. Weber, ena oimira psychosociology (G. Tarde, L. Ward, Pareto). Western Chaanthu a azimuth ili limene ndi interactionism ophiphiritsa (A. Kutopa, C. Cooley, H. Blumer, A. Rose, J .. Mead, G. Stone), phenomenological Chaanthu (A. Schutz, Luckmann T.), kuwombola chiphunzitso (J. . Homans, P. Blau) ethnomethodology (Garfinkel D. A. Sikurela) ndi ena.

Nthanthi zokhudza ina methodological gulu, n'kutheka amasiyana kwambiri kwambiri ndi yofunika, ndi pa kutanthauzira kwa zochitika pansi kulingalira.

Modern kumadzulo Chaanthu Dictionary amatsogolera mndandanda chidwi sukulu ndipo mumaganiza kuti akupanga panthawi mu Europe ndi America. Intensively anayamba ndi malangizo wazotsatira ndi ongolankhula. wotchuka tsopano maganizo Katswiri wa zochitika misa ndi njira. Pakuti sukulu French amakhala ndi chidwi mkulu kuphunzira kuwerenga maganizo kwa anthu. Komanso kukhala ndi malangizo zamakono za khalidwe la anthu. Pulogalamu mafakitale chiphunzitso, pambuyo mafakitale ndi zambiri anthu. Ndi kusiyana asilikali sociological malangizo.