"Muziyang'ana Gynt" Genrika Ibsena: mwachidule. "Muziyang'ana Gynt": Makhalidwe, chiwembu, mutu

Anthu amanena kuti tsogolo akhoza sadzapusitsidwa, aliyense adzaona zimene zimatanthauza kukhala. Chinthu chachikulu - osati kuti akampereke yekha, kukhulupirira chikondi. Pakuti nkhani analankhula wotchuka Norway Wolemba wina ndi ndakatulo Henrik Ibsen ntchito zake "Muziyang'ana Gynt". Izo analengedwa pa limodzi ndi zimathandizadi chikondi. wolemba ankaopa kuti ndakatulo "Zochita Gynt" sati anamvetsa kunja kwa Norway, monga wolemera kwambiri mu mbali ndi peculiarities chibadidwe dziko. Koma mankhwala amamuonera kutchuka lonse, adagwidwa m'zinenero zambiri European. Kenako wolemba Edvard Grieg linalembedwa ndi nyimbo chachikulu, kupereka mankhwala ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Ibsen sewero anaipanga filimu nthawi zingapo, atsogoleri ambiri amachitika zisudzo zake pa siteji.

A pang'ono za wolemba

Popularity chimagwira wotchuka Norway Wolemba wina Henrik Ibsen m'mayiko European wakula posachedwapa. Ngati ife kulankhula za ambuye mabuku amakono, dzina lake akhoza adzaikidwa lotsatira matalente monga Zola ndi Tolstoy. Ibsen kutchuka lonse likugwirizana analalikira kwa iwo mwa maganizo ake ntchito. ntchito yake - ndi kukwaniritsa Western zimathandizadi sewero kuti yathandiza yaikulu zojambulajambula.

Ibsen anapanga wowerenga kukhala wake Co-wolemba ndi kuganiza pamodzi ndi zilembo. Wolemba zofunika kwambiri AMD ankaona pamaso pa malingaliro mlembi. Anasonyeza anthu ankalimbana ndi, mikangano tsiku ndi tsiku, kusiya owerenga chomaliza cha zongopeka. Nthawi zambiri, ndi Wolemba wina zinasonyeza oimira olemera banja Norway, omwe anali mavuto zofunika ndalama. Komanso, aliyense wa nkhani yake imatengedwa pamaso pa anthu, kuti owerenga akhoza podiskussirovat.

The zilembo zazikulu za Ibsen - anthu amene kumvetsetsa ngongoleyo, akatswiri amene kusankha mtundu wawo wa khalidwe, kufufuza choonadi mwa njira iliyonse. Chifukwa cha ichi Henrik Ibsen unakhala chizindikiro cha zimathandizadi luso. ntchito yake umalimbana updating ndi ufulu mumtima wa munthu. Kale masewero ake anali "kulimbana mpando wachifumuwo," "Comedy Chikondi," "Ankhondo mu Hengelande". Amasirira owerenga ndakatulo "Mu M'mapiri," ndi sewero "Brand." nkhani Hot ankanena akambirana wolemba mu sewerolo "mizukwa", "Dona ku Nyanja", "Bakuman bakha", "A zidole Nyumba" ndi ena. otsiriza, movutika kwambiri komanso zopweteka mmakutu ntchito Ibsen, anali sewerolo "Pamene Ife Akufa kudzutsa". Pa zidzakhalira zinakhudza mwa Wolemba wina Pomumvera iwo zoopsa mwana. Iye anali unagonjetsedwa ndi Atate olemera kupita udindo kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi file ndi kupeza chidutswa cha mkate.

Mbiri ya sewerolo "Muziyang'ana Gynt"

Monga kale, ndipo analandira mabuku maphunziro, Henrik Ibsen anasamuka ndi banja lake ku Italy. Anakhala zaka ziwiri ntchito mwakhama kulenga katswiri awiri - masewero "Brand" ndi "Zochita Gynt". Ambiri zisudzo otsutsa kuona ndalama izi ku zovuta, chifukwa iwo ali ndi maganizo ofanana - kukhalanso ndi kukhazikitsidwa kudziwitsa munthu.

The chaka chonse (1867 TH), ndi Wolemba wina anali kugwira ntchito pa kusewera ndi. anzake, iye analemba kuti analota kumasula izo pa Khirisimasi. Dzina la ndakatulo "Zochita Gynt" ndi dzina lofanana ndi protagonist ntchito. A zambiri mfundo zofunika kuti sewerolo Ibsen anatenga kuphunzira mozama Asbersona. Ku nkhani yake wolemba anabwereka dzina la Gynt Zochita.

Kupanga khalidwe lake, ndi Wolemba wina anaganiza kuti ndikaonekere m'nthano Norway. Pamodzi ndi luso wowerengeka, zinamveka mavuto mwamsanga ndi tanthauzo osiyana chikhalidwe. Wolemba anayesa kusonyeza zina zachidule satirical wa anthu womuimira mabwalo reactionary ku Norway. owerenga ambiri anali kuona ngwazi za ndakatulo caricatures mayiko.

Poyamba, sewerolo inkakhala zochita asanu ndipo sanaone pa cipangizo. kanthu anasamuka ku malo kwa wina ndi mzake. The kuyamba wa sewerolo pa siteji, nthawi imeneyi ndi nyimbo zimene zinalembedwa kuti izo ndi Grieg, unachitika mu 1876. Mu nyengo woyamba panali 36 zoperekedwa.

The zilembo zazikulu za ndakatuloyi

Genrika Ibsena ndakatulo muli zosiyanasiyana zilembo zosiyanasiyana. Nawa waukulu ndi sekondale otchulidwa "Zochita Gynt":

• amasiye mlimi oz (mayi Pera a);
• Muziyang'ana Gynt - ndi protagonist;
• wosula Aslak;
• phwando mkulu ukwati, alendo ake ndi oyimba;
• osamukira banja;
• Mwana wamkazi amene anathawira - Helga Solveig (a wokonda chachiwiri Pera);
• Bambo farmstead pa - Hegstad;
• mwana wake Ingrid;
• m'busa;
• Dovrsky tchire;
• zazikulu ndi zazing'ono trolls, ana awo;
• mfiti;
• paketi dwarves, goblins, kobolds;
• yonyansa chilengedwe (amati mwana wa Pera);
• kulira kwa mbalame;
• Company apaulendo;
• mbala;
• mwana Anitra mtundu wa Bedouin mtsogoleri wa;
• gulu la ovina, akapolo, Arab;
• Mutu wa madhouse ku Cairo;
• Minister Hussein;
• Odwala ndipo chenjerani madhouse, ndi ena.

Chidule cha "Zochita Gynt"

Kodi osati ndi kanthu sewero! Choyamba, mapiri Norway, ndiye phanga Dovrskogo mkulu. Kenako, mbali yaikulu afika mu michenga Iguputo. Malo otsatira a nyumba yake - ndi madhouse. Pomaliza zimakhala chisweke ngati ngalawa ndipo anasankha panyanja yolusa.

Chidule cha "Zochita Gynt" kutiuza za kumidzi Norway. The protagonist Pere - munthu kuchokera kukagawira. atate wake, Johann Gynt, poyamba ndinali konsekonse kulemekezedwa munthu, koma kenako ndinayamba kumwa ndipo anataya zinthu zake zonse. Peru kwenikweni ndikufuna kubwerera chilichonse chimene anamwaza bambo ake. Youth amakonda kulakalaka, kuti moonetsera, kulingalira ngati ngwazi wolimba.

Mayi Per oz akonda mwana wake ndi nkhawa kuti anali wotchuka kwambiri ndi atsikana. Limapereka mnyamata wina wamkazi mkazi mlimi, Ingrid. Koma iye agwa m'chikondi ndi mwana wa munthu wamba-mpatuko - Solveig. Ukwati akadali chichitike, koma Mosakhalitsa Per Ingrid, monga chidwi ndi zachilendo Solveig. Mnyamatayo anali kubisala.

Kenako nkhani "Zochita Gynt" ndi kunditumiza ku nkhalango. Pa njira ngwazi likumanenso mkazi pa Green modzilemekeza, bambo ake anali Dovrskim mfumu. Peru ankafuna kuti amukwatire iye ndi kukhala Prince. Dovrsky anyamata mkulu zikhoza mkhalidwe zosatheka - kukhala yothawathawa. Anthu a nkhalango kumenya munthu, koma kubwera kwa Aase amathandiza Solveig, amene ndi yamphamvu amakonda iye.

Zingatanthauze kuti zonse zikuyenda chimwemwe, koma mwadzidzidzi mwana mkulu Dovrskogo Peru kumabweretsa chilombo pang'ono ndipo ananena kuti anali mwana wake, amene ndi wokonzeka kupha atate wake ndi nkhwangwa. Pamafunika Pera kutaya Solveig. Iye akumutengera mothamanga. Asanachoke, wamaliza kukaona mayi ake akudwala.

Kotero kuti panatenga zaka 50. Muziyang'ana Gynt anakhala munthu wopambana, ndipo wogulitsa manja. Kamodzi akulowa kampani ya anyani, amene anali wokhoza kuti azolowere kwambiri. Ndiye tsoka afika mu chipululu cha Sahara, anakumana ndi Aluya.

Pambuyo pake, owerenga mwachidule "Zochita Gynt" anasamutsidwa ku Iguputo, kumene ngwazi za akuganizira yekha mbiri ndi katswiriyo. Kukhala imvi kwathunthu, iye anaganiza zobwerera ku nyumba zawo. Pambuyo amazipotokola ambiri ndipo motsatana mu chitseko cha chisangalalo chake amakumana Solveig atakalamba. Anathandiza zaka zonsezi tikuyembekezera wake wokondedwa zimene anaona mwa iye yekha. Izi mwachidule "Zochita Gynt" - ndi sewero khalidwe - wamasomphenya, munthu sangathe kuchitapo kanthu, osati mu moyo wa malo awo.

The mavuto waukulu ndi mitu ya sewerolo

Ambiri otsutsa zolembalemba ndikukhulupirira kuti fano la Gynt Zochita, wolemba anaonetsa khalidwe lililonse kwa m'ma XIX. Per - trimmer losasamala, wosadalirika anthu. The vuto lalikulu angatchedwe impersonality m'nthawi Ibsen kuti anali chibadidwe anthu bourgeois. achinyamata ambiri pa nthawiyo analibe zambiri bala kwawo. Ibsen bwino kwambiri aukitsa nkhani za kukhalapo pakati imvi. Per ananyamuka mayi maphwando a nkhani, choncho wakhala wotero ndi odious chithunzi. Maloto ndi chenicheni osokonezeka mu malingaliro ake. Mutu wa "Zochita Gynt" zogwirizana ndi tsiku lino.

Ubwino chithunzi Zochita Gynt

Mwininkhani ndi wotchuka Wolemba wina ndakatulo - umunthu wa mfundo Norway anthu. Tanena kale kuti anali zinachitika wa mbiri. Ibsen zakutidwa nthano zake ndi zopeka, nampatsa mbali ankaikira nthumwi yamakono ya dziko lake. Poyamba Per mtima molimba mtima ndiponso wokongola otchulidwa amene alibe zolinga, komanso ena ambiri otchulidwa Denmark. Munthu uja, kumene kupita, iye amapita zosavuta panjira osadziwika. mantha chachikulu ndi athe milandu yovuta kubwerera. Per akapanda chilengedwe - izo amalankhulira ndi trolls ndi kugulitsa akapolo, anyani ... Chinthu chachikulu kuti anali kusintha.

Zonse kugonjetsa mphamvu za chikondi

Zochita Gynt ali sanakwaniritsidwe tsogolo lake anthu: iye adakwirira talente yake monga ndakatulo, ngakhale machimo ake sanamudziwe mmene. chilengedwe chake chinali yonyansa freak-yothawathawa. The ngwazi amaona mmene chikondi chake cha Solveig, izo tikuvutika ndi chikumbumtima chanu. Kodi mukufuna kukwaniritsa Gynt? Iye ankafuna kuti kuphatikiza zinthu ndi moyo ... Solveig moyo kuyembekezera wokondedwa wake. Kumapeto kwa ndakatuloyi ngwazi za anapulumuka chilango cha moyo wake wosadziletsa, chifukwa chilengedwe chake chachikulu chinali chikondi.

Kupanga nawo sewerolo pa siteji

Chaka chilichonse m'chilimwe mu Norway (a Vinstra) chikondwerero, amene anadzipereka kuti ndakatuloyi. Ziri chabe zosaneneka kanthu panja, amene molondola amapereka kukoma kwa chinsinsi ndi nthano anthu Norway.

Mu 1993, ndi Russian Ammayi Antonina Kuznetsova anapanga munthu mmodzi osonyeza "Zochita Gynt". Mu 2011, Anton Shahin zatenganso mbali mu sewero "Zochita Gynt" omwe anauzidwa ndi Mark Zakharov. Mu Russia, ndi zisudzo za dzina lomweli duu ku St. Petersburg ndi Novosibirsk.

Music kuti ndakatuloyi

Wolemba wotchuka Edvard Grieg wa m'nthawi ya Ibsen, analemba nyimbo wokongola kusewera "Muziyang'ana Gynt". Kale mu Wolemba XX m'ma WERNER EGK anamasula opera. Mu 1986, kuvina anali ankachitika mu machitidwe atatu ndi epilogue Alfreda Shnitke.

A chophimba anatengera ndakatuloyi

Kuyambira ndi 1915 ntchito nthawi Ibsen 12 inajambulidwa. Ichi chidachitika mu United States, Germany, Britain, France, Hungary, Norway. Mu 2006, mkulu Uwe Janson ali anatulutsa Baibulo zatsopano filimu "Muziyang'ana Gynt".

Mtengo wa mankhwala mu chikhalidwe dziko

Only chikondi chimachititsa munthu lonse ndi kupereka tanthauzo moyo wake - mfundo imeneyi mwamphamvu Ibsen zinachitika mu chikhalidwe dziko. Mzinda Chinorowe la Oslo anayambitsa Chithunzi Park Zochita Gynt. Wotchuka wojambula Nikolai Roerich opangidwa malo okongola kuti kusewera ndi ankachitika pa Moscow Art Theatre. Akatswiri a sayansi ya ulemu wa munthu wa heroines a ndakatulo dzina lake asteroid Aas. Chifanizo cha Zochita Gynt mu chikhalidwe dziko ali yemweyo wosatha, ngati mafano a Don Quixote, Faustus, Prince Myshkin, ndi Odyssey ... Iwo kumawakoka anthu ambiri kulenga, kotero Ibsen anatchuka padziko lonse.