Naryn-Kala linga, Dagestan, dera Derbent. Kufotokozera, ulendowu, mbiri

Naryn-Kala Linga (Dagestan) ndi chizindikiro cha mzinda wa Derbent. citadel uyu anali m'gulu mndandanda UNESCO monga yolemekezeka mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe chipilala zofunika dziko. Mpaka tsopano ukupezeka makoma, zitseko ndi nsanja zovuta chitetezo. Mkati linga la lili ndi akasinja madzi ndi madamu, mawu, mtanda ozungulira mpingo ndi Juma Mosque. Otsiriza ziwiri wakale kachisi kwambiri la Russia.

Akatswiri akadali mtsutso za zaka zimene Naryn-Kala amaphunzira. Kumangidwa oyambirira a linga ndi za m'ma lachisanu ndi chimodzi, posachedwapa kwambiri - ndi cisanu. Tiyeni ndiulendo pafupifupi za malinga wakale umenewu.

Naryn-Kala mbiri linga

mzinda Derbent yokha zaka zoposa zikwi zisanu. Akukhulupirira kuti citadel otchedwa Naryn-Kala, mwachitsanzo mphamvu dzuwa, anayamba kumanga Shah Kavad m'nthawi ya chimodzi. mwana wake, Khosrow woyamba Anushirwan, anapitiriza ntchito ya bambo ake ndipo anamanga mpanda wolimba khoma toyalana ndimeyi pakati pa Caucasus ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Akukhulupirira kuti m'litali ndi makilomita makumi anai. Mpanda atalowa m'nyanja, motero kutchinga njira akunjawo kuchokera kumpoto mwa madzi osaya ndi zokometsera wa citadel ndi kupereka doko yabwino. Koma nyumba zonsezi za nthawi chisanadze Arab akale Ages Middle. A pofukula kafukufuku amakono apeza kuti linga Naryn-Kala (Derbent), anali kuthetsa zambiri wakale atazunguliridwa ndi khoma la njerwa za dothi. Ming'oma ulamuliro Yezdegerd II (zaka 438-457) ndipo amatanthauza mochedwa Albania-Sarmatian ndi nthawi Sassanian. Koma si onse. njerwa Adobe anaikidwa pa mwala pedestal. Zikuoneka zomangamanga ili malinga kudziteteza Derbent, amene analipo zaka zikwi zisanu zapitazo.

Kodi ndi chifukwa cha Naryn-Kala inamangidwa

Kumayambiriro Middle Ages Aperisiya kaŵirikaŵiri ndi matenda akunjawo-wongosamukasamuka ku steppes mu za ankadziwana Volga. Choncho, anaganiza kuti kutseka otchedwa Caspian Gates Dzhalganskogo pakati pa chimathandiza wa lokwera ndi nyanja. Kugonjetsedwa ndi wangwiro zomangamanga wakuda ndi mkulu makoma anali angaloŵe kwa zida za nthawi imeneyo. Koma kenako Naryn-Kala linga anatsutsana sieges ambiri. Pambuyo zokometsera onse anathandiza mtunda. Pa mbali zitatu za otsetsereka pa phiri womwenso ndi citadel, okuya kwambiri.

Fort, mosiyana ndi maofesi yapita mipanda yolimba kwambiri, sanali Pamudzi. Iye anali atayima pa kamtunda ndithu kuchokera Derbent ndipo anthu alonda amene anali kudikirira ndimeyi yopapatiza. Koma Nyumbayi analinso okhala marzpanov - aku Iran akazembe. Choncho posachedwapa anakhala malo ofunika utsogoleri, malonda ndi chikhalidwe pakati.

The citadel wamphamvu

Kufikira tsopano, anthu agwedeza luso kudziteteza mpanda wolimba kwambiri. mawonekedwe yake malinga ndi contours alili. Naryn- Kala linga ndi polygon osasamba, contoured mpanda wa mamita atatu wandiweyani. Kumathandiza ntchito soldering matope ndi mwala atilakwira. Kutalika kwa makoma awa ndi khumi ndi khumi mamita. Pamodzi ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa nsanja ali - pa mtunda wa pafupi 20-30 mamita Chrixitu. M'dera la linga la - mahekitala anayi ndi theka. Mu nsonga kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa linga ndi nsanja lalikulu, lomwe ndi mlatho khoma Doug mipiringidzo kuphimba "Nunsu Caspian." Mbali ina ya atalowa m'nyanja, ndi zina - mu mapiri. Zimatiyika pa linga ndi anayi bwalo. Kuchokera mbali ya citadel wa Derbent kulondera otsetsereka kwambiri otsetsereka a phiri. Kotero kuti thanthwe akhoza kumwedwa pokhapokha ngati pali zida zankhondo. Kodi chinachitika mu 1796, pa Chirasha Persian nkhondo.

Kumangidwa mkati mwa mpanda wolimba Naryn-Kala

Persia kuteteza malire kumpoto kwa citadel wakhala anakonza kuti mwina yaitali wazingidwa. Pakuti yoyenda yokha dongosolo madzi ngalande mobisa inkachitikira, kutsogolera kuchokera ku phiri akasupe akasinja mwala mkati linga. Mmodzi wa akasinja izi wakhala ... mpingo. Nyumba iyi mtanda ozungulira anamangidwira mu zana lachinayi kapena lachisanu. Kenako ntchito ngati kachisi wa kupembedza moto - Azolowasita. Pamene m'mayiko amenewa mfundo Islam, anasiya nyumba. Pang'onopang'ono anapita mobisa ndipo ntchito ngati nkhokwe kwa yosungirako madzi. Zodabwitsa, chifukwa mpingo uno ndipo anapulumuka ndi nthawi yathu. Izi - wachikhristu mpingo wamkulu m'dera la Russia.

Ndi manda akale a zomangamanga zikuphatikizapo Juma mzikiti. Ndi wamkulu mu Russia. yomanga wake uli m'ma chitatu. Koma nyumbayo ankamangidwanso kangapo m'zaka zotsatira. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu pamaso mzikiti inamangidwa madrasah. Ine ndinali mu citadel Naryn-Kala (Derbent), ndi m'bwalo Shah a. Koma iye anabwera kwa ife mu bwinja.

Ntchito yomanga nthawi latsopano dera la Naryn-Kala

Linga, ndi kuti mzinda sanataye kufunika ake abwino ndipo atakalamba Zapakati. Mu citadel wa khans wa Derbent kuthetsedwa. Iwo anatembenuka ndi Naryn-Kala linga ku nyumba yake. yachifumu Shah a anamuthawa, koma mu citadel m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu zinamangidwa latsopano Khan Komiti (nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Fet-Ali). Komanso, zovuta anawonjezera nyumba zaboma. m'kaidi izi (chapansi m'ndende), Sofa Khan (Office). Apa kugona zotsalira za mausoleums mwa atsogoleri Derbent a.

Anasunga kusamba ndi Khan (XVI-XVII m'ma). Pofika m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi nyumba Russian monga guardhouse. Tsopano nyumba iyi ndi luso zikutipatsa Derbent.

zofukulidwa m'mabwinja

Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi mpanda wolimba anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale kudziwa zaka woona wa Naryn-Kala. Kumene, pomanga citadel ndi ntchito yomanga kumbuyo khoma Doug mipiringidzo kuphimba Derbent ndimeyi ikukhudzana m'ma chimodzi. Koma kafukufuku wa zofukula m'mabwinja kuti anawonjezera zaka mazana kuthetsa kumbuyo. Iwo likukhalira kuti ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma chitatu mipanda yolimba kwambiri kuthetsa analipo BC. The stratigraphy zigawo chikhalidwe limasonyeza kuti kudutsa mbiri yovuta. Kusinthana kwa phulusa amasonyeza kuti pachimake wakhala moto ambiri. Koma malo pamwamba pa phiri limene tsopano paima linga Naryn-Kala, konse anadzikhuthula. Control pa ndimeyi pakati pa Caspian Sea ndi Caucasus wakhala zofunika mu nkhondo ndi ubwenzi malonda. Pamudzi likunena anakula anayamba mpaka malowedwe Sassanid.

wapoyera owonetsera zakale

Mu 1989, izo unakhazikitsidwa ndi Reserve State zakale-mapulani. Pamafunikanso distilikiti akale a mumzinda wa Derbent ndi owonetsera zakale zovuta "citadel Naryn-Kala." Security zone chimakwirira mahekitala 2044. Pa chotero lalikulu ili pafupi zaka mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu zipilala za chikhalidwe ndi mbiri. Izi boma ndi zogona nyumba, Christian ndi tiakachisi Muslim, artefacts pofukula yotengedwa zofukulidwa. Koma osati citadel chidwi kwa alendo. Ayenera kupita ku Town Old. Derbent, dzina Persian kumatanthauza "yokhoma Chipata", wakhala inextricably zogwirizana ndi linga lake. Mu 2003, Komiti UNESCO pamalo World Heritage List of lonse mbiri-mapulani zovuta. Ndipo mu 2013, malinga ndi zotsatira za kukavota amachitika pakati pa nzika za Russia, Derbent linga zinachitika lakhumi pakati pa zikhomo wotchuka ndi wodziwika bwino wa dziko lathu.

Naryn-Kala: Ulendo

Kodi muyenera kuona alendo, amene anapita citadel nokha? Kuti kuvumbulutsa zambiri za Ferris Khan nyumba za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Komanso chidwi kuyang'ana kusamba. nyumba imeneyi chapansi lagawidwa mu zipinda ziwiri zazikulu. Izi adjoins zipinda angapo ang'onoang'ono ndi denga vaulted. Wokwanira ulendo ndi mobisa ndende ndende. Nyumba iyi mu mamita khumi kwambiri ali mawonekedwe a mtsuko ndi. Mumbali makoma musataye akaidi zosatheka kukwera pamwamba. Yokongola kwambiri zipata zonse za nyumba ndi Orta-Qala mpanda kum'mwera. Kuyenera bwino dongosolo madzi a citadel lapansi. Anasunga mwala ndi chubu ceramic. Ndipo anthu Derbent akupeza madzi akasupe ndi Haibulah Dgiarchi-Bulakh Wochokera phiri chokonda ngalande wakale. Ndipo ndithudi, inu simungakhoze kusiya citadel, popanda kuyendera Juma Mosque ndi mpingo wakale Mkhristu.