Natural Reserve wa Region Leningrad

Zachilengedwe a m'dera Leningrad Chinthu chochititsa chidwi mu chikhalidwe chake, ndipo zosiyanasiyana. Muli zokonda zake ndi kukongola kuti alidi wapatali. M'nkhani ino tikambirana maofesi chitetezo chilengedwe dera Leningrad.

Kachitidwe PA

Kulalikira anthu amenewa ali wotanganidwa ndi 570 mahekitala ndi nkhani zikwi. pafupifupi 6% ya malo okwana dera. Pankhani zonsezi m'dera Leningrad - 40, amene 2 okha zili zofunikira feduro - ndi Nizhne-Svirsky Nature Reserve Leningrad dera ndi kusunga "Mshinskaya chithaphwi."

Zisanu wapadera kutetezedwa mabacteria. Iwo kulibe pansi udindo achinyontho kuti ndi ntchito padziko lonse. Mu malo awa, umamumvera zina mode wapadera chitetezo. Anadziŵa kuteteza khalidwe la waterfowl malo.

magulu PA

Pasi ili mu dera Leningrad anawagawa m'magulu chachikulu:

1. Nature amaika mu St. Petersburg ndi Leningrad dera.
2. Parks, olengedwa mwa chibadwa.
3. Nkhokwe.
4. Natural zipilala.

m'madera onse kutetezedwa - nkhokwe ya St. Petersburg ndi dera Leningrad - amasiyana mzake ndi makhalidwe ena, monga:

1. Cholinga kulenga Malo otetezedwa.
2. Area.
3. malamulo Environmental.
4. Kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa ogwira ntchito ndiponso anthu ena.

PA gulu apamwamba

Ngati chinthu chitetezo ndi machitidwe onse achilengedwe, onse nkhokwe ya St. Petersburg ndi Leningrad dera zidzakhala za gulu apamwamba a malo otetezedwa. Ziyenera kukhala ndodo sayansi ndi moyenera, chitetezo boma. M'dera lino, inu simungakhoze kuchita zinthu zachuma. Komanso, pali zofooka okhwima pa mwambowu. Monga tanena gulu ili Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve.

Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve

Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu June 1980. Unakonzedwa ndi Museum-Reserve m'dera Leningrad kuti kusunga zomera olemera ndi mitundu osowa nyama alipo mu gawo la thupi wapadera wa madzi Nyanja Ladoga, komanso:

• gombe lake;
• ozungulira nkhuni ndi srednetaezhnom mtundu;
• dambo;
• malo mbalame zosamukasamuka;
• spawning mitundu yosiyanasiyana nsomba.

Nizhne-Svirsky - chikhalidwe malo a dera Leningrad, malo - Lodeynopolsky m'deralo. M'dera Malo otetezedwa ndi 41 zikwi. Mahekitala.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za malo a

gawo Reserve ni wa madambo, iwo ndi zofunika lonse. Iwo amakhala ndi chisa chikhato waterfowl. The gawo lachitatu la zone kutetezedwa - dera lowe, kapena kungoti - pa dambo. About 20 chikwi. Mahekitala aphimbidwa ndi nkhalango. Madzi a Nyanja Ladoga limabweretsa 5 zikwi. Mahekitala wa dziko nkhalango. Mpumulo wa malo ndi mosabisa, pali mchenga gombe zitunda ndi madambo kutsitsa. Natural Reserve wa dera Leningrad amakhala ndi dothi podzolic, chogwidwa ndi bog-podzolic ndi bog-peat. Kusungitsa mpumulo ife tikuziwona lero, aumbike mchikakamizo cha zinthu ziwiri:

• limatsogolera wa Valdai glacier;
• Ndondomeko nyanja-alluvial kudzikundikira.

Nyengo ya m'madera amene ali Nizhne-Svirsky malo, chokhala, ndi chikoka mwa nyanja ya Baltic. M'dzinja ndi yozizira chimakhala chogwidwa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo mphepo, ndi mu kasupe ndi chilimwe - kum'mwera kumadzulo. Inland madzi otetezedwa dera, amene ali malo a dera Leningrad - Segezha nyanja. Malo 15 sq. Km. Kuya wamkulu - 5 m, pansi ndi mchenga. The madzi mu nyanja, ngakhale malo ake pakati ndere ndi zithaphwi, yomveka bwino ndiponso yowala.

The mtsinje yaitali Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve - Segezha. Ndizoonekeratu kuchokera ku nyanja chomwecho. Madzi mu kuwala kwake koyamba, ndipo kenako pa momwe izo wakudya chithaphwi zinkapezeka m'madzi, ndi darkens kuti pakamwa. Kwenikweni, malo onse gwero lawo peat bogs, choncho ndi madzi mdima kwambiri. Malo chachikulu:

• Nyanja Ladoga;
• Nyanja Syarba;
• Bay Lahti.

Flora Nizhne-Svirsky malo

Total mu malo ali oposa 1,300 mitundu ya zomera, ambiri amene ali pangozi komanso yosowa kwambiri. Popeza Nizhne-Svirsky lili pakati pa lamba nayonso, ndi zomera, amene ali olemera mu m'mapaki onse St. Petersburg ndi Leningrad dera, zikusonyeza kuti nayonso pafupifupi a gawo European la Russia. Pafupifupi 80% ya nkhalango zonse mu zone kutetezedwa - coniferous, ndi predominance a mitengo ya paini. Koma kukula mu Nizhne-Svirsky ndi mitengo ing'onoing'ono-Ndalankhula monga:

• birch (fluffy ndi povislaja);
• Aspen (akunjenjemera popula);
• alder (imvi wakuda).

Komanso, nkhalango yaing'ono-masamba imakhala ya m'tchire ndi mitengo zotsatirazi ndi zitsamba:

• buckthorn;
• viburnum;
• rowan;
• rasipiberi;
• wakuda currant;
• yamatcheri ndi ena.

Pine bwino pa dothi la mchenga. Pa m'mayiko chonde chogwidwa ndi spruce - European ndi Chifinishi. Mankhwala nkhalango chivundikiro ali osauka kwambiri, zitsamba chogwidwa cranberries ndi Heather.

Kuwonjezera zomera tatchulawa, kukula, ndi nthumwi zina za zomera mu malo otetezedwa, ndiwo nkhokwe ya m'dera Leningrad. A mndandanda wa zomera:

• tsitsi udzu;
• bracken;
• rosemary;
• blueberries;
• blueberries;
• kakombo wa mzigwa;
• fern;
• mchisu Marsh neri Al.

Avereji ya m'nkhalango ya paini a malo otetezedwa ndi zaka pafupifupi 85 zaka, spruce - pafupifupi zaka 100. Mu kuwerengedwa mitengo malo angapezeke ndi malo nkhalango patsogolo kwambiri zaka - zaka 200.

Dambo, kuphatikizapo lowland Ladoga nyanja yokutidwa ndi mabango. Pakuti ngati madambo msondodzi limakula massively. Ndi:

• aquifolium;
• triandra;
• blackish;
• filikolistnuyu neri Al.

Chakumapeto m'chilimwe ndi yophukira nkhalango ya malo muli zosiyanasiyana bowa ndi:

• woyera bowa;
• boletus;
• akuti malo;
• greasers neri Al.

Mitundu ina ya bowa zalembedwa mu Red Book: osinovik woyera cortinarius wofiirira, polushnik lokhala ndi ubweya ndi ena.

nsomba

Mu mitsinje ndi nyanja ya Malo otetezedwa anthu mitundu 34 ya nsomba zosiyana. Kwenikweni ndi suborder la fupa ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa pakati pawo ndi ogwirira nsomba. Makamaka mu madzi a Ladoga ringed chisindikizo chikupezeka, ndipo zimaswana zotsatirazi Svir Bay:

1. Pike.
2. Bream.
3. Sudak.
4. Sabrefish.
5. Nsomba.
6. Rudd.
7. Mamba.
8. Roach neri Al.

Wa sticklebacks nsomba yachilendo akhoza anati: ndi three- ndi nine-.

The zomera za Nizhne-Svirsky malo

Museum-Reserve m'dera Leningrad wolemera oimira dziko nyama. Monga Nizhnesvirsky olembedwa mitundu 348 ya inakhala. The zosiyanasiyana zinyama n'zogwirizana ndi malo ndi zomera. Amwazisambo Leningrad Region, malo nyama, nkhalango kupezeka osati:

1. Brown chimbalangondo.
2. Zouluka gologolo.
3. Mphalapala.
4. Wolf.
5. Fox.
6. Mink.
7. Boar.
8. Beaver.
9. Rys.
10. Wolverine neri Al.

Nyama zonse zolembedwa m'dera la mitundu pafupifupi 44. The zosiyanasiyana wamkulu wa mtundu wa makoswe - 17, ogwirira - 13. Zikuonekeratu kuti moyo wa nyama zakutchire ndi mwachindunji amadalira chiwerengero cha makoswe, chifukwa ndi chakudya chawo. Rodent nyama zosiyana kukula, ali:

1. Wamba mapuloteni.
2. Muskrat.
3. Bank vole.
4. Mbewa-mwana etc.

Nthenga Reserve Museum wa dera Leningrad ali zoposa 250 mitundu. Ambiri a iwo amakhala mu Malo otetezedwa yochepa, pa nyengo kukaikira mazira kapena migrations. Pakati pawo pali mbalame m'gulu pangozi, ali:

1. White-tailed mphungu.
2. Osprey.
3. Black Mbalame Yotchedwa Dokowe.
4. Filin.
5. Fritillaria.
6. Capercaillie.
7. Gray Crane neri Al.

Natural nkhokwe Leningrad dera ndi pang'ono zokwawa. The mamba ambiri ndi mitundu itatu ya abuluzi.

Pakali pano, ndi Nizhne-Svirsky malo anayamba maulendo angapo alendo, anakafika pa 6 ndi 40 Km. Mmodzi wa iwo - madzi, ndi zina wapansi. Njira kupereka mwayi kuti awone ndi kukongola onse achilengedwe a dera Leningrad, ndi kusangalala ndi mpweya wabwino ndi woyera kuchokera misewu ndi mafakitale.