Nyanja Vostok ku Antarctica. Yaikulu subglacial nyanza ya Antarctica

mabwalo woyamba pa nyanja analembedwa mu 1999. Pa nthawi ya dongosolo nthenda palibe mmodzi anapereka chidwi chirichonse. Kodi mtundu wa m'deralo, ndi kumene anachokera?

Bakuman dongosolo kumalo ozizira

April 5, 2010 The International Space Station ku msinkhu wa makilomita 350 amapanga zithunzi wosangalatsa. Mu zithunzi chimasonyeza kuti ayezi Nyanja Vostok ku Antarctica ali awiri kusindikizidwa ngati bwalo pafupifupi wangwiro mawonekedwe. Images, iwo amaoneka ngati yaing'ono. Koma m'mimba mwake ya aliyense wa iwo - pafupifupi zinayi makilomita.

Choyamba kopanda sayansi

chakuti moyo pakhale pansi zigawo ayezi makilomita ambiri, choyamba akufuna Academician Andrei Kapitsa. Anakhala kafukufuku zivomerezi ndipo tinapeza kuti pali nyanza ya chapakati tinthu tating'ono Antarctica pansi chetyrohkilometrovoy wosanjikiza ayezi - malo a 20 000 m². Izi kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa ukulu wa Monaco. Malowa ali pamtunda mwachindunji pansi siteshoni kafukufuku Soviet. Izi nyanja subglacial Vostok ku Antarctica Zatsala chimodzi cha zinsinsi chidwi anthu ambiri.

Kodi pali moyo Antarctica

Mu phunziro, asayansi Soviet anapeza kuti pansi ayezi Chigawo ladzala ndi mpweya, amene ali nyengo yake ndi topezeka wapadera. Kutentha kusinthasintha mu madzi a nyanja ndi +10 ... + 18 ° C, m'chaka mu Nyanja Black. Izi lingatanthauze chabe chinthu chimodzi - pali moyo, ndipo pa muzu wa Mipikisano wosanjikiza makulidwe a Antarctic ayezi ndi makilomita angati wosiyana chirichonse chimene ife anazolowera.

subglacial wothandizira

Kwa zaka 20, asayansi Russian pamodzi ndi anzake French ndi akatswiri ku United States kuphunzira subglacial nyanja Vostok ku Antarctica. Kupeza mtundu wa zamoyo pa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri kumeneko moyo, ife analenga wapadera makina subglacial zoyendera - cryobot (kapena gidrorobot). Ndi Jets madzi otentha ayenera kubowola dzenje 3.5 Km, kenako dikirani mpaka danga pamwamba amaundana. Kenako, loboti sterilizes palokha ndipo akupitiriza pobowola. Anasungunuka ayezi kapu chivundikirocho ndi kugwera n'nyanza, izo transmits mfundo pamwamba liwunikidwenso.

Kupezeka watsopano mwa nyanja Vostok ku Antarctica

Mu March 2011, pamene pobowola nsanja anali mokhomerera koma mamita 120 okha, chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama lapadera nyanza ya Antarctica Kusiya kuphunzira ndi kutseka polojekiti. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti miyezi isanu izi zisanachitike, asayansi anapeza wosangalatsa. Iwo anapeza kuti Nyanja Vostok ayi yaikulu yunifolomu ayezi mapangidwe. Natural m'madera Antarctica pokhudzana ndi ayezi kupanga pansi-ayezi chilumba. Anapeza kuti pansi-ayezi mapangidwe ndi mphako, otchedwa mthumba danga, imene madzi ukufika magulu mozama. Komanso wapadera m'madzi zimachititsa chilumbachi a Antarctica m'madera ena ali akuya maphunziro pa mamita zikwi, kuti ndi kawiri kuposa izo zimayenera kale. Koma chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri n'chakuti pafupi gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Vostok anati lalikulu maginito anomaly.

Kumalo ozizira khamu nyanja

M'mawu ena, munthu kapena chinachake anakwiya ndi chetyrohkilometrovoy wosanjikiza ayezi. Amene angachititse anomalies maginito pansi ayezi, asayansi simumamudziwa. The ofufuza ambiri kufika zikutanthauza kuti akuchita ena anthu anzeru, ndipo umboni, maganizo awo, ndi. mpumulo Antarctica inajambulidwa mlengalenga patangopita miyezi iwiri ntchito kafukufuku pa phunziro la nyanja mwachinsinsi kuti inaimitsidwa. Magazini a zithunzi zosonyeza mabwalo padziko mazira mwa nyanja Vostok akatswiri kuphunzira Institute Research London. Asayansi British bwinobwino kusanthula lonse Antarctic malo ozungulira thupi madzi, ndi kuika patsogolo Baibulo zokopa. manambalawo chizindikiro mkati mwa ayezi chivundikiro, kutanthauza kuti mabwalo nyanja ayezi uonekere chifukwa chakuti amakhala pansi pa madzi ndime unexplored m'madzi chitukuko. Mwina pansi pa madzi ndi tsinde aliyense, ndipo izi zimagwirizana, ndi chidwi kwambiri mfundo. Anthu amadziwa zochepa za m'nyanja yakuya koposa pa nthaka mwezi. Choncho tiyenera kuphunzira lathuli kwa nthawi yaitali.

chachinsinsi Antarctica

Asayansi Russian ndi maganizo a anzake British sudalingane. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti m'dera kujambulidwa ku Space Antarctica, ndi dongosolo zake zodabwitsa pa nyanja - sizitanthauza chitukuko m'madzi, koma quirks chabe za chilengedwe, ndi zinapangidwa likuvutika undercurrents ofunda. Akatswiri amanena ngati pansi pa nyanja pali moyo anzeru, iwo apeza kale. Anthu ambiri amaganiza choncho komanso ndi mabwalo pa minda ya dziko lapansi, iwo amati, ndi ntchito ya munthu. Wina makamaka falsifies zojambula zimenezi, ndipo ena amaona ngati maonekedwe a luso ano. Akukhulupirira kuti mbali nyengo Antarctica anachititsa Mwachitsanzo, n'ngosiyana pang'ono kutentha. Ndipotu, dera ndi bwalo - ndi mawonekedwe a chirengedwe, zinabala mu chikhalidwe paokha. Chetyrohkilometrovye mabwalo padziko lapansi subglacial Antarctic nyanja ingakhaledi ena chodabwitsa zachilengedwe, ngati imodzi koma. malo achilengedwe a Antarctica ndi moti kwa polynya anapanga, ayenera kwenikweni wiritsani pa - ndi lamulo la sayansi. Koma m'madera mapazi mwachinsinsi, ayezi makulidwe ukufika makilomita atatu apezeka. Pakali pano, dziko la sayansi Sizikudziwika palibe undercurrent kuti zingafooketse ndi ayezi wandiweyani.

Zimene tikudziwa za Pole South

ndondomeko Geographical Antarctica anatsimikiza ndi mfundo zake apamwamba, Cipher Cape (63 ° 14 A. W., Ndipo 57 ° 11 'm. D.). kontinenti Izi Motero alibe kuchokera pamalo a dziko lapansi. Ndi dera la Antarctic n'zofanana kwa Africa South America. Onse njira ndi akuyandikira kwa ayezi "mizukwa" amatsekeka ndi namkholowa yaikulu ndi minda ayezi. M'nyengo yozizira, kulumikiza ku Africa achisanu zosatheka. Kuwonjezera Moss ndi ndere, palibe kanthu kukula. Zonse ozizira mphepo yamkuntho kupanga izi Africa morzly zosatheka kuti anthu akhalemo. zofunikira zonse zokhudza ochepa a anthu ake (kumalo ozizira) anathandiza ku Chile. The m'zigawo zachilengedwe, malangizo a zida ndi zida za nkhondo, malinga ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko, ndi koletsedwa pa dziko lapansi. Antarctica sangathe a aliyense. Koma chaka chilichonse pamwamba kum'mwera kwa padziko lapansi wotumidwa zombo ndi ndege ndi maulendo yatsopano kumalo ozizira sayansi kuti ndi ntchito yeniyeni. Kodi iwo akufuna ndi zimene chinsinsi kubisala mitsinje ndi nyanja ya Antarctica?

Kukula kwa Africa kumalo ozizira

July 1, 1957 mayiko sikisite-seveni agwirizana kugwira kafukufuku wa sayansi mu pulogalamu limodzi lonse lapansi. Icho chinali kuyesera kale lonse. Iwo anayamba amanyansidwa chachikulu Antarctica. Satini zombo akhamukira m'mphepete mwake. Aliyense dziko anafunika kumanga siteshoni ya mu wintering mosamalitsa anasankha gawo lake. Soviet Union nawo gawo pakati pa 80 ndi 105 longitudes kum'mawa. The flagship wa woyamba Soviet ulendo dizilo magetsi ngalawa "ob" anafika kuno mu January 1956 mwezi. Soviet kumalo ozizira ofufuza koyamba Antarctica. Chidwi mfundo: izo ananena kuti kutentha ozizira pa Dziko Lapansi chinalembedwa ndendende m'dera la "Vostok" siteshoni. Apa May 21, 1983 kumalo ozizira meteorology mayina madigiri -128,56 Fahrenheit, kapena -89,2 Celsius.

The kumveka padziko lonse amapeza zachilendo

Kutsegula ofufuza Russian kumalo ozizira anali kwambiri kusokonezedwa dera onse padziko lonse sayansi. Makamaka mosamala zochitika za ulendo ozungulira nyanja Vostok ku Antarctica anatsatira ichthyologists ndi jewelers. Mu zitsanzo madzi anatengedwa pa akuya mamita 4000, tinapeza kuda golide ndi osadziwika kwa sayansi nsomba zimene kwenikweni angatchedwe golide.

Golden madzi a Antarctica

Pamene kutukula mitima ayezi ku Nyanja Vostok, asayansi apeza mmenemo, zoona, chitsulo golide. Yaying'ono-kawalidwe kuphunzira ayezi ndi madzi, wapadera ayezi nyanja anasonyeza kuti osalimba a ndende ya ayoni golide mwa iwo ndi 80%. Ndiko kuti, likukhalira kuti zili ayoni golide madzi limafanana ndi golide ingot 700-TH nyemba. Chinthu china ndi chakuti zitsulo mu madzi ndi mu maonekedwe maselo, ndi apoyera kuli kovuta kuwona. Vuto lina lalikulu kufufuza chithunzi kumalo ozizira phindu madzi omwe kwambiri zitsulo zosafunika wapezeka. Pali maganizo oti Nyanja Vostok ndi golide-zogona waukulu ndi zithunzi Kanema zikutsimikiziridwa. Ridge, munali wapatali zitsulo inclusions, kungakhale kupitiriza kwa m'madzi wanga Yanokocha (Yanococha), zomwe zimachokera ku South America Andes, ku gombe la Republic of Peru. Akuti golide-kumalo ozizira pachimake mu mipweya awo si yunifolomu. M'madera osiyanasiyana inclusions nyamayo zitsulo ndi dongosolo losiyana maselo. The Pole South m'njira imeneyi kumaonekera monga maginito mapulaneti lonse. Iwo likukhalira kuti gawo la zitsulo golide wosakaniza ndi misa madzi pa mlingo wa mayamwidwe maselo. Ku dziko lakunja Nyanja Vostok ku Antarctica kwathunthu watsekedwa ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza ayezi, kotero kwa mazana a zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, zili ndi chitsulo chabwinocho sangathawe kulikonse. Khalani chuma ichi lapansi monga oti muli nazo zida banki otetezeka odalirika, monga m'munsimu "East" wa siteshoni Russian. Antarctica, ndi East (Nyanja) - malo a sayansi. Sikuli kwa boma lililonse. Koma tsopano mayiko ambiri anasonyeza malo awo: iwo akufunafuna chikuonetseratu kuti chuma chimene asayansi Russian apeza.

Nsomba mu dziko subglacial

Timatha chinali Nyanja Vostok ku Antarctica ndi anthu. Zachilendo chinthu-kumalo ozizira asayansi apeza limodzi la zitsanzo zitsanzo ayezi, ndicho mamba, ena osadziwika kwa sayansi ndi anthu a nsomba. Asayansi mwamwayi kuzitcha izo golide, ndipo ndi zoona. Precious zitsulo, kotero mu madzi akuya, kwathunthu chimakwirira izi enigmatic nsomba woonda wosanjikiza. Tikayang'ana mamba kukula, ichi chitsanzo kumalo ozizira ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi nainte masentimita. Wapadera Antarctic anapeza akhoza kusintha lonse zofunika sayansi. N'zoonekeratu kuti m'zaka nthano twente woyamba za nsomba golide awonongedwa. Ife chokha chimene iye akadali ndi moyo ndipo sanataye lowoneka ndipo ngati mphamvu yake yokopa kudzapereka zilakolako munthu aliyense ...

Mwambi chikhalidwe kumalo ozizira

Zatsala funso womasuka ndi zaka Nyanja Vostok. Osachepera zaka 400 000, ndiponso mwina miliyoni. Kodi izo zinachokera kuti? Malinga ndi kungoganizira loyamba mikangano multikilometer ayezi ndi pamwamba. Iye anayamba kusungunuka, ndi matalala kuchokera kuthamanga mu madzi pa m'munsi kutentha, malinga ndi lamulo yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe. The kungoganizira amati chimene subglacial nyanja wakhala. Komabe, pamene yozizira, Africa ankatembenukira kwa mtengo chidafundidwa ndi kutumphuka ayezi. Kwa zaka zikwi mazana, ndi kwathunthu kutali madzi ozizira mpweya.

malingaliro Scientific ndiponso kutulukira zina

Kodi limapatsa dziko chitukuko kafukufuku Antarctic? Asayansi kuitana anapezazo izi kwa moyo zakuthambo pa mabakiteriya Earth. Ngati kupenda nyanja kusonyeza kuti palibe moyo, komanso kupereka anapeza zofunika. Popeza ili ndi gawo loyamba zachilengedwe kagawo kakang'ono zimene sizingatheke bakiteriya moyo. Mu zochitika zonse, kuphunzira zidzakhala zothandiza kufunafuna moyo zakuthambo pa maplaneti ena, ayezi, monga Ulaya, mwezi wa Jupiter.