Ndakatulo Yakov Polonsky: mwachidule mbiri, zojambulajambula, ndakatulo ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Osati nthaŵi ndakatulo JP Polonsky (1819-1898) analengedwa ntchito zambiri osati ndakatulo koma prose. Komabe, komabe makamaka ntchito zake zachikondi kukhala chikondi. Ndakatulo alendo padziko mokweza, koma sanyalanyaza tsoka la Mama. Iye ambiri woyamikiridwa wake "Bell".

ang'ono dziko

The wa bata wa Ryazan, m'tauni yaing'ono zigawo mu usiku wa 6 ndi 7 December 1819 anabadwa mwana, kumene masabata awiri otsatira iwo amatchedwa ubatizo Yakobo. azakhali ake anali pa mpira pa wolamulira wamkulu, koma atamva kuti mlongo wawo bwinobwino zimakambidwa pa kubadwa, anasiya mpira kubweretsa moni. Rhode Polonsky anali wokalamba, amene anapita ku Poland kulowa utumiki wa Ivanu Groznomu. Polonsky anali odula manja pa azure Makhalidwe Buku nyenyezi nyanga zisanu ndi chimodzi, chisoti ndi nthenga pikoko ndi mwezi wamng'ono. The bambo a ndakatulo iyi ndi maphunziro abwino sakanakhoza kulowa, koma aphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba, ndipo anali ndi cholembedwa wokongola. Iye anali msilikali wabwino, ndi banja lalikulu chofunika chifukwa wokwera mtengo. Yakov anali mwana wamkulu, ndi kuwonjezera anali ndi ana asanu. Mu kubadwa chatha mayi ake anamwalira, Natalia Yakovlevna. The mwana zowawa wagwidwa imfa yake, ndipo iye ankaona ngati mayi ake m'manda wamoyo. Monga mwana, Yakov Polonsky zimachitika maloto zoopsa. Iye anali ndi mantha. Maganizo wayamba ntchito, kuoneka zithunzi ndakatulo. M'bale mkulu anali kuwauza nthano anausankha wamng'ono ndipo anayamba mobisa kulemba ndakatulo.

pambuyo sekondale

Yakov Polonsky Ryazan maphunziro a sekondale mu 1838. Pa nthawiyi, bambo anga anali kwathunthu wosweka ndi imfa ya mkazi wake wokondedwa, anatumikira zaka zitatu mu Caucasus, iye anabwerera kwawo. Pankhani ya ana, iye sanali kusokoneza. Koma Yakobo anali chochitika zomwe analingalira MSONKHANO wosaiwalika wa moyo wake. Mu 1837 iye anapita Ryazan Tsesarevich dzina lake Aleksandr Nikolaevich, limodzi ndi VA Zhukovsky. Young Yakobo Polonsky akaonekere kwa mfumu zam'tsogolo wa chilengedwe chake. msonkhano uno chikugwirizana mfundo zonse za mnyamata ndi ntchito zolembalemba. Kuyambira zaka 1838 kuti 1844, Yakov Polonsky amaphunzira pa University Moscow. Iye anali osauka kwambiri, chifukwa banja kwathunthu bwinja ndipo angadalire yekha pa mphamvu zawo. Lendi nyumba mu nyumba zauve anali kukhala moyo mwa maphunziro apaderawo ndi pandekha. Masiku nkhomaliro ndipo sanali pa izo. Iwo anali ndi tiyi ndi mayina. Pa nthawi kwambiri yodziwa A. Grigoriev ndi A. Fet, kuikidwa mavoti talente wolemba ndakatulo wamng'ono. Ouziridwa, anafalitsa mu "Mfundo za Lathu" mu 1840, ndakatulo "Opatulika wapadera mabelu adawomba." Lozungulira anzanga Moscow anali kukodzedwa. M'nyumba ya mbadwa ya Decembrist Nikolai Orlov, Yakov Polonsky akukumana ndi Professor T. Granovsky, nzeru zapamwamba P. Chaadaev. Komanso mu 1942, abwenzi moyo wonse ndi Ivan Turgenev, amene angakuthandizeni lokwanira ndendende.

Collection "Popanga madzi a gamma"

Mu 1844, Petr Yakovlevich Chaadaev mwachangu kusonkhanitsa muzimvetsera ndalama kwa buku la buku loyamba la wolemba ndakatulo wamng'ono. Lyrics Lermontov unakhudzadi pa izo. Koma Belinsky wonse amapereka ndemanga yabwino. Wotsutsa taonera mu vesi "oyera mchitidwe ndakatulo". Nikolai Gogol rewrites okha mmodzi wa ndakatulo ndi. VA Zhukovsky anapereka wamng'ono akuyimba wotchi kusonyeza kuti amayamikira luntha lake. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin anam'patsa mphatso kwambiri - mbiri za thupi m'bale wake mwapang'ono.

Odessa

Titamaliza zokwawa kum'mwera ndi mbiri ya moyo wa Yakova Polonskogo wodzazidwa anzawo ndi anthu a bwalo Pushkin a. Mogwirizana ndi momveka zimaonetsa chigawo chachiwiri a ndakatulo iyi, "ndakatulo 1845". Komabe Belinsky sanapeze izo china chilichonse bwino.

Caucasus

Ndi mtima wofuna zidindo latsopano kutsogolera Yakov Petrovich mu Tiflis mu 1846. Ali ndi udindo wa mkulu wa MS Vorontsov ndipo nthawi yomweyo ntchito mu nyuzipepala "Herald wa Transcaucasian" mkonzi wothandizira. , Iye ndi kusindikizidwa. Pa nkhani zosowa za Caucasus, iye akuyesera ntchito polemba chinenero chikhalidwe m'Chiarabu ndi ndakatulo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, limagwiritsa ntchito zamitundu zochepa wamba raznostopnye. Mu 1849 wolemba ndakatulo anamasulidwa magulu "Sandazar". Koma mu 1851 iye anabwera Russia monga kuphunzira za matendawo kwambiri bambo ake.

Petersburg

Choncho Yakova Polonskogo mbiri limafotokoza nkhani ya Atabwerera ku Russia, kumene manja aŵiri ndi owerenga ndi olemba. Koma zinthu ziwayendere bwino alibe. Mu 1857, anakakamizika kukhala repeater. M'njira imeneyi, amapita banja SA Smirnova-Rosset, ali ndi sinkakhala ndi zovuta Switzerland. Koma zaka 38 - ichi salinso m'badwo pamene mukhoza kulekerera ndi zokhumba mabwana. Patapita miyezi ingapo iye amapita ku positi ndi kupita kwa Geneva, Rome, Paris.

pokopeka ndakatulo

Mu likulu French panali "msonkhano chakupha" monga ankatchedwa ndakatulo, ndi mkazi wake. Mtsikanayu, Elena Ustyuzhskaya, wamng'ono, m'chikondi ndi banja anali kudikira kwa pafupi chaka. Mu 1858, iwo anakwatira ndipo ndinapita ku St. Petersburg. bwenzi lake imatengedwa mu tsogolo mwamuna mkati otchuka. Kalanga, ukwati sunakhalitse. zaka ziwiri inatenga chimwemwe chawo. Poyamba, chinadetsedwa dontho Yakov ndi droshky. Iye anavulala kwambiri mwendo wake, amene anamupatsa mpumulo mpaka mapeto a moyo, ndipo anali kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo. Anamwalira pomwepo isanu ndi umodzi mwana, ndipo patapita miyezi ingapo, ndi mkazi wake. Apa ndi mbiri mwachidule Yakova Polonskogo zokhudzana ndi ukwati wake woyamba. Wistful ndakatulo kuwaza kuchokera yakuya "The mbalameyi" moyo wa ndakatuloyi, "The misala ya chisoni," "Ngati kokha chikondi chanu ...".

ukwati yachiwiri

chaulemu zolembalemba n'zosatheka, Yakov Petrovich, ndipo wayamba ntchito pa komiti ya kufufuza yachilendo. zaka 6 pambuyo kugwa kwa ukwati wake woyamba, iye agwa m'chikondi ndi Zhozefinu Ryulman. buku limeneli umatha ndi banja, amene adzabadwa ana awiri ndipo wamkazi. kwawo analenga zolembalemba-nyimbo okonzera, amene Lachisanu ati chekeni Petersburg anzeru: andakatulo, olemba mabuku, analemba, amisiri, otsutsa. Pali Povunduka chikhalidwe moyo mwa likulu. Mu mbiri izi mwachidule Yakova Polonskogo mu ulaliki wathu tsopano kokatha. Mu chikondwerero cha chikumbutso 50 tili ntchito mabuku a Polonsky izo amaitcha kuti ndi nkhata siliva ndi Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov odzipereka ndakatulo.

Romances mawu Polonsky

Achikondi, kuyesera kuyankha mafunso umoyo ndale, komabe mu malingaliro athu amagwirizana ndi chibwenzi. Yakov Polonsky, amene ndakatulo okondedwa ndi Oimba ambiri Russian, anthu ambiri sadziwa choyamba, mu mawu, "moto anga mu kuwala chifunga". Nawu mndandanda wa nyimbo pa mawu ake, mpaka kufikira chosakwanira:

• Wolemba EF Napravnik:

Birdie kuti: "fungo munda woyera mpweya";

Waltz "Chiyembekezo";

Pemphero: "Atate wathu! Mwana pembedzero: tcherani khutu ... ".

• sv Rachmaninov:

Kukwaniritsa: "Dzulo tinakumana ...";

Music: "Ndipo kusambira ndi kukula phokoso zodabwitsa izi ...";

Dissonance: "Tiyeni chifuniro cha tsoka ...".

• AG Rubinstein:

Duma: "The mabelu wopatulika mwakachetechete zikumveka ...";

Loss: "Pamene premonition olekanitsa ...".

• PI Tchaikovsky:

"Kunja, mu mthunzi kukulowa".

Mwa njira, Tchaikovsky Polonsky analemba libretto ya sewero la "The Slippers". Kuwonjezera amenewa ochepa nyimbo zalembedwa mu nkhani iyi, inu angatanthauze ntchito Bunin mzere kuchokera ndakatulo ndi J. Polonsky kuika mu udindo wa mmodzi wa nkhani yake, kutanthauza "mu msewu lachilendo."

Polonsky anamwalira ali ndi zaka 78, anaikidwa pafupi Ryazan. Ndipo tsopano reburied mu za Ryazan Kremlin. Ndakatulo zonse Polonsky, Yakov Petrovich anapeza yankho wokonzeka m'mibadwo yake ndi mibadwo yotsatira ya Symbolists, makamaka Blok. Mu Soviet Union izo sizinali chikalata chilichonse (!) Mwa ntchito wodzipereka kwa moyo wake ndi ntchito. Tsopano Ryazan akatswiri dera akonze zinthu izi ndi opereka monographs, nkhani, ndi mabuku amene kubwerera ife chosalungama aiwala ndakatulo, anasiya kwambiri luso cholowa.