Emma Goldman - womenyera ufulu ndale, ndi anarchist: yonena, mabuku, mabodza anarchism ndi feminism

Emma Gold anazindikira mutu yamphamvu ya FBI Edgardom Guverom "mkazi zoopsa kwambiri America." Ndi ndani? Chifukwa iye anapatsidwa dzina lakuti wa Krasnaya Emma? Ndipo mmene zakhudza kuphedwa pulezidenti wa American? Zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani.

kubadwa

Emma Goldman anabadwa mu Russia, yeniyeni ku Russian Ufumu. Iye anabadwa mu Lithuania, mu Kaunas, June 27, 1869. Lero, mzinda chikudziwika ngati Kaunas. makolo ake ankaona zazing'ono bourgeois Ayuda, iwo ali ndi mphero ang'ono, amene anali ngati gwero la moyo wawo. Pamene Emma zaka 13, makolo ake anasamukira ku St. Petersburg.

Mu likulu pa nthawi Povunduka moyo chosintha: m'manja mwa zigawenga ziwiri kudzipha anapha Tsar Alexander II. Amakopeka ndi malingaliro chosintha ndipo ankatengedwa chibwana yapamwamba achinyamata. Izo zinali mu zaka izi, maganizo "kupatsira" Emma.

The emigration woyamba ku United States

Pa 17, Emma amene anasamukira ku United States. Mu Rochester (NY) anayamba kugwira ntchito pa fakitale nsalu. Mu 1887 anakwatirana ndi ntchito ndipo analandira nzika. Komabe, mzimu wopanduka anapanga lokha anamva: anaphunzira za anayi n'ngopandukira anapachikidwa nawo chipolowe mu Chicago, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anaganiza kuti agwirizane ndi anarchist kuyenda.

maganizo andale

Kufikira tsopano, anthu ambiri amachita chidwi ndi funso limodzi: kulalikira Emma Goldman - anarchism, anarcho-chikominisi, anarcho-anthu azikhala, anarcho-feminism? si yankho. Emma anali mmodzi wa amene akhulupirira mwa mfundo zapamwamba za demokalase, demokalase. anarchism kuti, mu nkhani yokhudza, akuwonetseredwa ufulu wamaganizo, chikumbumtima, kulankhula. Ake kupondereza chimango okhwima a boma centralized, amene anafuna yekha ukapolo, akamenyane ena makalasi chifukwa cha ena. Koma Chinthu chapadera ndi "Red Emma" anali kuti anali kutchedwa kufera "maganizo yowala za m'tsogolo." M'malo mwake, anali kukonda moyo, amakonda chikhulupiriro kusintha m'tsogolo. adani ake ndi anthu amene anali osati mtengo waukulu.

Kodi Emma anali woukira boma?

Mpaka pano, ena publicists ndi atolankhani funso: anali pali chosintha Emma? Kodi chilungamo kwa iye anakankhidwira kunja mu 1917 ku Russia pa ngalawa zonyansa? Ngati inu kuliganizira bwino maganizo kwambiri ndale pankhani zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. womenyera ufulu Political Emma akupita kupyola zithunzi zonse watsiku ndi chosintha kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu mu izo - kuti amatanganidwa lingaliro la m'tsogolo mu lingaliro kusintha. Iye ayenera tiribe amakonda, kumverera, palibe zochitika, palibe ZOWONJEZERA. Ngakhale maloto ndi chosintha ayenera kukhala thupi cholinga pakati. Sizachilendo sayenera kwa mphindi kukaikira ngati kupereka moyo wake chifukwa cha zolinga Tsogolo.

Emma ali ndi maganizo osiyana kotheratu. Iye ankalemekeza komanso kulemekezedwa theorists wa utasintha Russian: Mikhail Bakunin, Sergeya Nechaeva, Nikolaya Ogarova. Koma Emma sanagwirizane nawo malingaliro mayamwidwe okwana lingaliro chosintha. Ine ndikukhulupirira kuti maganizo amenewa n'komwe ndi kuganiza osunga ndalama chachikulu pa Wall Street, chomwenso ndi amamizidwa thupi lonse ntchito yake pa m'zigawo za phindu. Chifukwa kumana nokha ya kugonana zilandiridwenso, chimwemwe cha moyo kuti zinthu zisinthe? Sakumanga owala m'tsogolo izo? Ndiye chifukwa chake nsembe iwo tsopano?

Emma ankaona kuti popanda chimwemwe munthu kwasanduka biorobot mu osaganiza za nyama zimene zinachititsa kukaphedwa kwa zolinga samveka m'tsogolo. anzake iwo amene basi monga iye anakana nsembe chifukwa cha mibadwo Tsogolo. Zonsezi zikusonyeza funso limodzi zachilengedwe: ngati Emma analidi chosintha? Kapena anali chabe nthumwi ya gulu la anthu amene m'tsogolo adzakhala ndi dzina la "anthu wamba"?

Kulimbana Emma

Emma Goldman kumenyana osati kwa lingaliro umboni wa "kumanga tsogolo labwino", ndi zinthu zomveka kwambiri ndiponso koyenera kuti zinali mwa American boma anarchist wooneka amapusitsa: ufulu kugonana, kusintha kwa bungwe la ukwati, kusiyidwa yolembedwa usilikali ndipo ena.

Akuluakulu US sankaona Kukwezeleza osakhala asilikali "amapusitsa" mu 1917 anali First World nkhondo. US ogwirizana kuthandiza osati chuma ndi luso thandizo, komanso anatumizidwa kunkhondo wa asilikali ake. America wamba safuna kupita ku nkhondo, lingaliro la chothaŵa ndi sabotaging pamtima opezeka tiligwiritse ntchito. Choncho zochita Emma mu nthawi ino yoopsa. Mu 1917, iye ndi n'ngopandukira zina zambiri anatumizidwa ku Russia, komwe panthawiyo anali kale ikuchitika Wamkulu October kuukira boma.

Akuyandama kutali United States pa bwato ndi kuyang'ana kutali pa Chosemedwa cha Ufulu, Emma akuti, "Ndipo dziko lino amanyadira za ufulu woyankhula, view palokha, koma ine inathamangitsidwa izo."

Atafika ku Russia

Msewu kwa dziko lathu ouziridwa Emma. Iye ankaona Soviet Russia patsogolo dziko, amene ayenera kusonyeza dziko chitsanzo. Wina adzakhala ngati wamphamvu Russian ufumu anakomoka pansi kulasa a nkhondo chosintha, ena dziko makamaka ayi. Kodi Emma ankadziwa zililidi mu Soviet Russia, Tinayenda bwato? Unknown. Pa nthawiyi, Lenin ndi Bolsheviks nthawi yaitali anaima popanda mphamvu zonse chosintha anagwira mphamvu, anatumizidwa kundende n'ngopandukira ambiri ndi boma chikhalidwe. Kale anayamba "kusaka" wake mamembala chipani anzake a Menshevik phiko.

Tinakumana ndi Lenin

Emma Goldman anakumana boma ambiri m'dziko lathu. Ndayenda pitani ngakhale anarchist Nestor Makhno, koma iye makamaka anakumbukira msonkhano ndi V. I. Leninym. Kwathunthu anasintha maganizo a Red Emma ku Russian utasintha. Emma ndi Vladimir Ilyich sanali mzake. Mtsogoleri wa ulimi Russian ndi musaganizepo za izo, koma "America yoopsa kwambiri mkazi," lingaliro la osowa ake, koma ndi kum'chitira negative. Emma ankaona kuti zisinthe anapereka dziko chitsanzo cha demokalase, ufulu wa kulankhula, chipembedzo, etc. Komabe, mawu Lenin a zasintha maganizo amenewa :. Lenin pa msonkhano ananena kuti zonse izi chabe bourgeois tsankho.

Ndipotu, mtsogoleri Bolshevik, anati mosapita m'mbali kuti zochitika wamagazi mu dziko lathu, sikuti palibe kusintha zinthu antchito onse, koma M'malo mwake, kokha kuvutika. Mantha - izi ndi zolinga zikuluzikulu za moyo watsopano. Mwachibadwa, kuti Emma sanathe amathandiza. Nthawi ina iye analembera kwa Lenin kuti "iye amadziwa kuimba kufooka kwa anthu osyasyalika, mphoto ndi mendulo. Ine anakhulupirirabe kuti kukwaniritsa pambuyo mapulani awo kuchotsa iwo. " Iwo anakhumudwa ndi Lenin, ndi zolinga za Russian utasintha.

Ayuda anatengedwa kupita kumbuyo

Mu 1921, panali chinthu paradoxical: Emma anatumidwa ndi bwato kumene kale inathamangitsidwa - mu United States. chifukwa ali yemweyo: anakana chete.

Mu 1924 iye lofalitsidwa m'buku lake "Kukhumudwa wanga ku Russia." Amasonyeza bwanji mkazi uyu anali wodzipereka, amene amanena zoona zokhazokha, anali sanachite ndale. Palibe amene akanakhoza ndikunenezani kwa chinyengo, kuteteza zolinga za munthu. Ndithudi, poyamba anali Kukwezeleza anarchism mu United States. Atabatizidwa, anawatumiza ku Russia iye sanali kumenyana ndi "makhalidwe oipa West." M'malo mwake, kuona zinthu oipitsitsa wa anthu Russia pambuyo utasintha, anayamba kuteteza mfundo za demokalase ku West, iye ndi chinabwera.

Maonekedwe a m'buku lakuti "Kukhumudwa wanga mu Russia" otalikirana ndi anzake ambiri, leftist. Emma sankasamala. Chinthu chachikulu, iye ankaganiza - kuuza anthu choonadi, ndiye, kodi inu mukukhulupirira. Chodzinyenga okha ndi ena chifukwa cha zokonda akanthawi sanali kalembedwe ake.

Kupha Sitefano McKinley

m'nthawi Emma a ankaona ubwenzi wake mozungulira mu kupha pulezidenti wa American. Komabe, ambiri umboni nkhaniyo.

25 Pulezidenti US William McKinley anamwalira pa September 14, 1901. Baibulo boma ili: mutu wa boma sanathe kulimbana ndi zotsatira za kuphedwa kwa. September 5, 1901, "pambuyo kumvetsera moto malankhulidwe Emma Goldman," odzipereka anarchist Leon Frank Leon Czolgosz anawomberedwa kawiri pulezidenti Pan-American Exhibition ku Buffalo.

zachilendo mwangozi

The kupha pulezidenti wa American mu 1901 si yapafupi.

Choyamba, yankholi ntchito chitetezo. Choyamba, ndodo ananena kuti si anaona anthu okayikitsa. Ndiye kuwerenga kusintha: Leon Czolgosz anaima kukula kwambiri wakuda mtumiki, amene anaiona oopsa. Ndiye nanga bwanji iwo anaona mfuti m'manja mwa munthu anarchist naye? Mwa njira, ichi ndi woperekera zakudya zopanda Leon Czolgosz kuwomba kwa mutu ndi nkhonya pambuyo mpirawo chachiwiri.

Chachiwiri, zododometsa zam'tsogolo. Pulezidenti sanafe yomweyo. Komanso, anzawo ndiponso achibale nadzinenera kuti iye adzakhala ndi moyo, ndi pa peza lapansi. September 13, 1901 atolankhani mokweza trumpeted kuti McKinley anayamba kudya chakudya cholimba, achire mwamsanga, ndipo September 14, Pulezidenti wa atamwalira mwadzidzidzi.

Pambuyo pa imfa yake, anayamba kumachita pulezidenti Teodor Ruzvelt, lomwe ndi sitepe Sanasiye pulezidenti odwala. Patapita kanthawi, iye adzakhala munthu woyamba wa boma.

Last ntchito ndale Emma

Choncho amene ichi Emma Goldman? Wambiri mkaziyo amapatsa ana kumvetsa chimene icho chiri - chitsanzo cha maganizo wokhazikika, ziweruzo. anthu onse zaka kusintha maganizo awo kwa zinthu zina, mawu, kuganizira mofatsa kufooka akanthawi, boyish, ndi ena. Emma si kwa mphindi idaleka kukhulupirira zolinga zawo ngakhale pamene wakhumudwa mu Russian utasintha. zaka wake wotsiriza iye zoyenera yekha kulimbana zandale: mu 1936, anapita ku Spain kuthandiza n'ngopandukira Spanish mu Civil nkhondo kumbali ya boma Republican.

More moyo, iye sadzabwerera kwawo chachiwiri. May 14, 1940 Emma wamwalira ubongo haemorrhage. maganizo ake m'manda ndi kuwombera pafupi n'ngopandukira mu Chicago, chifukwa limene linayamba kulimbana kwake ndi anthu abwino.