Ndi angati nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin: mndandanda kufotokoza ndi mbiri

Nyumba zakale mu Moscow, boma la Russia tsopano ndi chizindikiro cha likulu Russian. njira kuoneka mu alendo athu nthawi ndi alendo - Ndi ntchito ya amisiri ndi mapulani pa zaka 5. Popeza anayamba m'tsogolo, likulu Russian pamene Yury Dolgoruky pa malopo kuthetsa pa Moscow Mtsinje analamula kumanga linga. Izo mwangwiro apulumutsidwa, ndipo Muscovites ano kudziwa bwino mmene nsanja ya boma la Russia, ndi alendo ochokera m'mayiko ambiri dziko kubwera kaso ukulu wake.

History ndi malongosoledwe a Moscow Kremlin

Kwa zaka nyumba ya Moscow Russian tsars anapempha bwino Italy mapulani kukuza ndi kulimbikitsa chotchinga chake, chimene delineates malire pang'onopang'ono. Panyengo zosiyanasiyana 20 "vezh" linamangidwa mu izo - ndi momwe nsanja mu boma la Russia ambiri.

Aliyense wa iwo mbiri yake osati, komanso dzina awiri, ndi anthu ndipo amatchedwa - Mayina Awo. Boma la Russia anayamba kumanga malo ndi kuthetsa Vyatichi mu zaka za m'ma XII. Choncho, mu 1156, woyamba mamita 850 wa nyumba tcheru zinamangidwa. Pafupifupi zaka linga la anamangidwira, koma inawonongedwa ndi Mongolia mu 1238

Pambuyo kumangidwanso mu 1264 ndi Moscow akalonga anamveketsa m'dziko, ndipo mu 1339 iye anali nsanja yake yoyamba, koma ndi mtengo. Only mu ulamuliro wa wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy mu 1366, makoma matabwa ndi nsanja n'kuyamba ndi mwala woyera, amene anawasema Suli kutali Moscow. Kuyambira uyu munatuluka dzina la mzinda - "woyera mwala".

Kodi nsanja ambiri a boma la Russia anali pa nthawi yosadziwika pamene ndiye kuwonongedwa, ndiye adzamangidwenso. Izi anayamba kukonzanso yake pansi Ivan III. Izi anali ntchito ndi chakuti woyera mwala m'dera sunakhalitse ndipo anayamba kutha, koma tione masiku ano linga anayamba kufunafuna mu 1485. Masiku amenewo, mmene nsanja ambiri mu Moscow Kremlin wakhala, iwo onse ankachita ndi mpanda ndi kukonzanso anamangidwira wa njerwa.

Mawonekedwe yomaliza ya linga anapeza mu 1516, pamene akuphatikizapo mkati zikusintha. Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin (mndandanda m'munsimu), ndi makoma sapita makona. fomu iyi izo anapeza mu ulamuliro wa Ivan III. Zinali iye amene anafotokozera za malire a malo achitetezo a. A mndandanda wa nsanja boma la Russia:

1. Spassky.
2. Vodovzvodnaya.
3. Borovitskaya.
4. Zankhondo.
5. Commandant.
6. Nikolskaya.
7. Utatu.
8. Kutafya.
9. Tsar.
10. Senate.
11. Middle nkhokwe.
12. Pakona nkhokwe.
13. Beklemishevskaya.
14. Nabatnaya.
15. Constantine ndi Helen.
16. Choyamba mayina.
17. Mayina chachiwiri.
18. Peter.
19. Taynitskaya.
20. Annunciation.

Kremlin nsanja (kufotokoza iliyonse payokha m'munsimu), komanso makoma, mwangwiro anasunga, mosiyana ndi nyumba mkati. The kuwonongeka lalikulu chidachitika ku mpingo wakale wa Stalin nyengo.

Taynitskaya nsanja ndi nsanja chipata Borovitskie

Kodi nsanja ambiri amachita Moscow Kremlin, popeza anali nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, Taynitskaya dzina lake choncho chifukwa cha kwa Moscow Mtsinje anatsogolera backdoor mu nkhani linga kapena kuukira zinachitika kuzinga yaitali.

kutalika kwake - 38,4 m, kamodzi panali chipata zimene kenako bricked mmwamba. Iwo anali oyamba kumangidwa ku njerwa Baibulo mu 1485 motsogozedwa ndi wamanga Anton Fryazino.

Ndi angati nsanja ya boma la Russia, koma 3 okha a iwo chonse, ndi ena ndi mawonekedwe lalikulu. Kuti Borovitskaya ndi lalikulu nyumba yaitali, chokhala ndi okwera analowa. Malowa ali pamtunda pa phiri lalitali mu Moscow, pamene ndi "kukula" 54,05 mamita ndi bwino kuonekera patali.

Chidwi mfundo: inamangidwa mu 1490 ndi Chitaliyana mbuye Pietro Solari, ndi lamulo la mfumu kuyambira 1658 ankatchedwa Baptist nsanja, wotchedwa pafupi Church Ioanna Predtechi ndi chizindikiro cha dzina chomwecho, wokwera pamwamba chipata chake.

Moskvoretskaya, Annunciation ndi Vodovzvodnaya nsanja

Beklemishevskaya, kapena monga chimatchedwa, Moskvoretskaya nsanja korona mbali kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa boma la Russia. Mlatho kuzungulira ndi munakhazikitsa yopapatiza zinamangidwa ndi Chitaliyana wamanga Marco Ruffo mu 1488.

Dzinali, nsanja iyi chinali chifukwa cha moyandikana pabwalo Boyar Beklemisheva. Pamene Vasily III malo awa anatumikira ngati ndende chifukwa silinali kusangalala ndi mfumu ya boyars lapansi. Pa nthawiyo, zinali zofunika kwambiri njira, monga lili pa mphambano ya Moscow Mtsinje ndi chemba kumbuyo, choncho woyamba kubwera pansi moto.

Yokoma yamphamvu matailosi mashikuli kutalika 46,2 mamita (kulumikizidwa slits ofukula kwa kuwombera mdani) atazunguliridwa ndi malo nkhondo. Mwa njira imeneyi iye anayimirira kwa 1680, pamene chokongoletsedwa ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ananena ndi chihema yopapatiza. Kotero izo zikuwoneka lero. dzina latsopano izo alitcha ili pafupi Moscow Mtsinje mlatho.

Annunciation nsanja chikutchedwa chizindikiro zozizwitsa, amene kusungidwa mu izo. Kenako anamanga mpingo kwa chizindikiro, koma dzina wathandiza mokhulupirika.

Vodovzvodnaya Tower ndi ngodya ndipo wotchedwa chifukwa kamodzi panali makina kutulutsa madzi mumtsinje ndi kupulumutsa izo kupyolera mu mipope kutsogolera nyumba yachifumu ya boma la Russia.

M'zaka za m'ma 17, galimoto anawachotsa ndipo anasamukira ku St. Petersburg chifukwa akasupe chipangizo. Nsanja ndi 61,45 m.

Zankhondo ndi Commandant nsanja

Kamodzi amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida nsanja adaimira pagombe Neglinka, komano mtsinje "amangiriridwe" mu chitoliro mobisa. dzina lake ayenera dongosolo anamanga pafupi amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida, kumene iwo anali kamodzi ili zida ndi zokambirana miyala yamtengo wapatali. Tsopano ndi zakale, amene akupereka wapadera asilikali ndi zodzikongoletsera wakale zakale. 32,65 mamita pamwamba pa nyumbayi.

Commandant nsanja inamangidwa mu 1495, koma Dzina limeneli pano ndi m'zaka za m'ma 19, pamene commandant a linga la anasamukira pafupi Kokasangalala Palace.

Utatu, Kutafya ndi Peter nsanja

Kodi nsanja ya boma la Russia ambiri, pafupifupi zonse zinamangidwa mwatsopano ndi amisiri Italy m'zaka 15. Kuti Utatu anamanga Aloisio da Karezano mu zaka 1495-1499. Ndi Nyumba yaitali a boma la Russia. kutalika kwake ndi 80 mamita ndi spire kumuveka korona nyenyezi. dzina lake walandira kwa pomanga pafupi Utatu Church.

Chidwi mfundo: pa nthawi ina nyumba iyi inali ya dzina osiyana Mwachitsanzo Rizopolozhensky, mphunzitsi kapena Znamenskaya pamene 1658 sanalandire dzina lake panopa. Kamodzi ziwiri nkhani yake maziko ndende. Mpaka 1935 spire ake korona mphungu mfumu, zomwe m'malo rube nyenyezi tsiku lokumbukira zisinthe.

Kutafya Tower waima pa chiyambi cha ku Troitsky Bridge ndi si lofanana ndi nyumba zina za boma la Russia. Ndi otsika (18 m), squat ndi lonse, kotero bwino dzina lake. Kutafia mu Russia akukunyodolani wandiweyani akazi hulking.

Popeza anafooka, chifukwa cha zomwe njira za maganizo, anali kum'mwera khoma la boma la Russia, inamangidwa pali nsanja zina. Iwo kalekale akamuuze koma ndiye munakhala Pedru pa pafupi Mpingo wa Metropolitan Peter.

Middle ndi Pakona nkhokwe Tower

Middle nkhokwe Tower (1493-1495 gg.) Wabweza dzina la anamanga pafupi ndi zida zake. Akapita Alexander Garden.

Dzina Pakona nkhokwe Tower odziwikiratu. Iye anamaliza mawonekedwe ndi anatchuka chifukwa bwino ake, amene ndi zaka zoposa 500. Malowa ali pamtunda patsinde pa nyumbayi ndipo akadali wodzazidwa ndi madzi chamgwiro kuchokera ku mtsinje mobisa.

Nicholas, Senate ndi Spasskaya nsanja

Kodi nsanja ambiri mu boma la Russia, ndipo pafupifupi onse a iwo ali ndi maina kugwirizana ndi mipingo pafupi. Choncho Nicholas pakati pawo. Nyumba iyi maulendo okonzeka ndi drawbridge pa mtsinje ndi mipiringidzo, amene pa nthawi ya ngozi anali adatchithisira, kotero kuti adani musati zapita. Ndi kupyolera Minin ake ndi Pozharsky anadzasokoneza ndi asilikali ake komanso anamasula mzinda kuchokera Chipolishi Chilituyaniya alowererepo.

Senate nsanja (1491) ili kuseri kwa mausoleum V. I. Lenina ndipo dzina lake polemekeza nyumba ya Senate, yomwe imakhala kuseri kwa mpanda Kremlin.

Spassky nsanja inamangidwa pa malo akale zipata waukulu wa boma la Russia. Wakupitirira chizindikiro cha Mpulumutsi mphamvu, ndi khomo lokha ankalambira mu mtundu woyera, kulowa, adamtsata wapansi ndi mutu wosaphimbidwa. Mu nthawi athu anakhazikitsa wotchuka zakuthambo Clock.

Onse a nsanja boma la Russia

Choyamba ndi Chachiwiri Mayina Awo nsanja sikuti anali kufunika njira, mwachitsanzo mu mmodzi wa iwo anali ndi ufa keg.

Nabatnaya nsanja kwenikweni anali okonzeka ndi belu ndi nsanja kuonera limene oponya mivi anali pa ntchito. M'zaka za m'ma 18 ndi kulira mabelu anayambitsa chipolowe mu mzinda, ndipo pamene iye anali pansi, kenako anamuvula "ponena" chinenero. Ndipo anapachikidwa belu chete, mpaka iye anatumizidwa kwa nyumbayi.

Royal si nsanja, chifukwa chabe pokha-hema, kumene Ivan Grozny ankakonda kubwera kuyang'ana pa mzinda.

Constantine ndi Helen Tower komanso dzina lake polemekeza mpingo. Inamangidwa mu 1490 ndi wotchuka chifukwa kudzera asilikali ake Russian anapita kunkhondo, monga wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy ndi asilikali.

Umo ndi momwe nsanja ambiri kukometsera Moscow Kremlin lero.