M'zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi chofuna kupeza zimene Mfundo kutsogolera mavuto, ndipo mavuto izi. chidwi Izi chiyani osadzuka balamanthu. Development matekinoloje mfundo ndi zikamera wa Internet alola maphwando chidwi kuti nthawi zonse amadziwa njira kunachitika katundu ndi chuma m'misika. Komanso ali ndi mwayi weniweni kuchita mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhambakamwa mu ndalama msika. Mu lotseguka gwero, mungapeze mfundo za anthu amene akugwira ntchitoyi ili ndi ndalama apamwamba kuposa anthu ntchito mu gawo lenileni la chuma. Amenewa ndi kulunjika la masiku zachuma.
Tsatirani funso lokhudza zimene mavuto, m'pofunika kupanga ulendo mwachidule mu mbiri. Wachitatu woyamba wa atumwi wotsiriza unachokera mu US mavuto azachuma. Buku la kupanga chofunika mankhwala oyamba mochedwa kenako anakana ziro. Akatswiri kuitana zodabwitsazi mavuto a overproduction. Pakati pa akatswiri zotsogola amene anali masamu cyclical vuto la zachuma msika. Asayansi padziko lonse, anapambana Nobel Prize, mopikisana kutsimikizira kuti mavuto angayambe zaka 3-4 zaka 7-11 kapena pa, kapena 15-25. Wotchuka kwambiri ndipo adamfunsa ndi kayendedwe ka anthu zaka 45-60. Iwo masamu odziwika Soviet masamu ndi zachuma Nikolai Kondratiev.
Choncho, kodi ndi mavuto? Izi kuchepa kupanga. Ngati mkati kukula chaka theka mankhwala aakulu m'banja lake tonse tikudziwa mmene GDP ndi ziro kapena zoipa, kenako tikhoza kunena motsimikiza palingaliro kuti mavuto yafika. zodabwitsazi nthawi zonse akutsatiridwa ndi nthawi kuchira ndipo yoyamba ndi nthawi yamavuto ndi maganizo. Ndi mu boma la chuma mayiko atamwalira vutoli, yomwe inayamba mu 2008. M'nkhaniyi, Russia Mapa chitukuko zachuma zaka yotsatira ifotokoza osokoneza ndithu.
Malinga ndi malamulo, pa maziko amene ntchito yomanga limagwirira ano zachuma, kupewa mavuto mu chuma ndi zosatheka. Ndi simukufuna kuvomera njira chakale mwaufulu yesani ina iliyonse kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ena nalo zodabwitsazi. M'malo mwake, mavuto ndi maganizo akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "osakhalitsa kuchepa", "kuchedwa" kapena "rollback". Koma ziribe kanthu momwe kufotokoza, ndi tanthauzo la matanthauzo awa, zopezeka moyo weniweni, ndi kuti kukhala ndi kuchepa kupanga kuchepetsa ndalama ya anthu, akuchuluka mu ntchito zikusowa. Pansi limagwirira panopa ndi chiphadzuwa maganizo zachuma Russia silitanthauza zinthu zosangalatsa zimenezi.
Atamaliza kukambirana mmene mavuto ndi, tisaiwale kuti kuchepa kupanga chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. The chifukwa zokhumudwitsa kwambiri - ndi nkhondo kapena mikangano ikuluikulu kuti akhoza ukasintha kusintha zinthu mu chuma dziko. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi wa andale kapena m'maganizo. Pamene anthu m'mayiko ambiri amakana kugula ng'ombe British, izo zimayambitsa zotsatira zoipa za chuma chonse cha dziko. Chifukwa china angathe kutumikira udindo monga kwambiri a boma kuti siyana zina za nzika. Anamulonjeza kuti kuonjezera penshoni ndipo analephera. Apa ndipo padali chisanadze mavuto vuto.