Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo chomwe. Kufotokoza zizindikiro

Zitsulo - gulu ochuluka kuposa zitsulo ntchito ndi olemba zimadalira gulu la gulu.

ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo Kodi

Kufotokoza chizindikiro akuyamba ndi mtima wa gulu lake lalikulu kwa kopita. Kusiyanitsa magulu steels: structural, zomangamanga, chida, ndi katundu wapadera (kutentha zosagwira, kutentha zosagwira ndi mkulu-mphamvu).

Wa structural zitsulo chopangidwa mbali makina, adagulung'undisa, welded yomanga. Chida, monga dzina lake likunenera, ntchito yopanga chida Machining. A wapadera steels chida - mkulu-liwiro, iwo anafuna kuti processing pa katundu apamwamba. Yomanga zitsulo ntchito makamaka kwa nyumba welded, ndi otsika (0,25%) mpweya okhutira. Kumbali ya zikuchokera ofanana pomanga.

structural zitsulo

Mu kapangidwe kake, iwo anawagawa aloyi ndi mpweya, ndiye ndi zina zapadera ndipo popanda iwo. The aloyi zitsulo ayenera muli osachepera 45% chitsulo. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhalapo zosafunika extraneous sanali zachitsulo mu aloyi chotsatira - sulfure, phosphorous ndi ena. Kuposa zochepa zili bwino zitsulo awo ankaona. Okwana pali 4 magulu ubwino:

Kumapeto kwa lakuti akhoza affixed mtundu aloyi deoxidation (deacidification - kuchotsa mpweya ku zitsulo zikuchokera): otentha (kp), theka-kuphedwa (PS), chete (SP). "SP" index Nthawi zambiri osati anasonyeza.

Nthawi zambiri, decoding steels za thupi Magulu doped, akhoza ankaimira motere:

- [mpweya okhutira] [alloying zinthu] [deoxidation njira] [zina zambiri], mmene zili kaboni olembedwa hundredths peresenti a.

Alloying zinthu zotani zomwe anasonyeza monga osakaniza lettering ndi kuchuluka mu kuchuluka. Ngati zili amafotokozera mu aloyi ndi ndalama zochepa kuposa wina, kuchuluka si mwasankha. Panopa inclusions zotsatirazi kalembedwe ntchito: .. N - faifi tambala, X - chrome, C - silika, titaniyamu - T, manganese - T, U - zotayidwa, etc. Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo 09G2S wapangidwa ndi 0,09% mpweya, 2% ya manganese ndi pakachitsulo mu kuchuluka kwa 1%. Komanso pali ena zina zizindikiro steels, chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti iwo motere:

1. "W" Pachiyambi - zimakhudza zitsulo.

2. "L" kumapeto - zitsulo foundry.

3. "A" pachiyambi - automaton zitsulo.

4. "E" pachiyambi - magetsi zitsulo.

Payokha olekanitsidwa nyumba mtundu steels. Decryption chiri motere: pachiyambi, kalatayo "C" ndipo pambuyo nkhawa zokolola. Letter "K" amatanthauza mabuku a mipweya, "T" - matenthedwe oipa.

Chodetsa steels katundu wapadera ofanana olemba structural aloyi.

steels chida

Pamaso lakuti, kalata "Y", kenako mpweya kachigawo (a osachepera kuchuluka kwa mpweya ayenera kukhala osachepera 0,7%). Chida steels komanso structural ndi kugawidwa mu mpweya ndi aloyi, koma ndi magulu awiri okha a khalidwe - khalidwe ndi apamwamba. Ngati chachiwiri, mu dzina, kalata "A" pamapeto pa chikhazikitso. Kalata "D" amasonyeza zili mkulu wa manganese. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti steels zokhudza HSS chida, ndi yosiyana. Mu malo oyamba pali zoti gulu lonse - kalata "P" (kuchokera ku mawu a Chingerezi "mofulumira" - kudya), kenako nambala limasonyeza waukulu alloying chigawo chimodzi - tungsten (kalata yake akuti mulibe).

Dziwani ng'anjo steelmaking

Pakuti kasakaniza wazitsulo mkulu khalidwe kumapeto kwa kufotokoza njira yopangira steels, decoding njira kupanga ali anapereka m'munsimu. zizindikiro izi anayikidwa pa mapeto a lakuti: VD - zingalowe Arc; W - electroslag; EL - elekitironi mtengo; VI - zingalowe kupatsidwa ulemu.