Ndime ya zachilengedwe ndi kufotokoza mwachidule. Nkhani zikuluzikulu zachilengedwe

Munthu, kukhala mbali ya noosphere, ndi anakumana ndi mavuto a mogwirizana kwa anthu chilengedwe. Science, amafufuza ndi kusanthula kugwirizana kwa anthu a zamoyo ndi mzake ndi chilengedwe chawo, komanso kuphunzira mmene zinthu zachilengedwe pa zomera ndi nyama zamoyo zina, otchedwa zachilengedwe. Pakuti kuphunzira zambiri za chilangochi kwachilengedwenso lagawidwa m'magulu: synecology, autecology, anthu zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe anthu.

Iwo ali Integrated ndipo ndinu gawo la zovuta multidisciplinary monga madera osati wa zachilengedwe, komanso maphunziro ena a sayansi: zachuma, Chaanthu, kuwerenga maganizo. Nkhaniyi zifotokoza kumabungwe a sayansi zachilengedwe ndi mtima wa kufunika kwake chitukuko anthu mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe.

nkhani zachilengedwe ndi kufotokoza mwachidule

Cholinga cha chilango ndi kuphunzira mozama ndipo bwino mbali zosiyanasiyana za sayansi: kwachilengedwenso, ndi zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, akunena za peculiarities wa ubale wa zomera, nyama ndi mabakiteriya ku chonse awo chilengedwe zachilengedwe sayansi. Ubale watsimikiza mavuto anthu n'zodalirika mu zimadalirana. Geoecology kuganizira mfundo m'madera wamoyo akukhala m'nyumba yeniyeni Hrs: m'mapiri, madzi oyera amatunga, nyanja, etc. Kenako, tikambirana pamwamba ndi zina mitu zachilengedwe zambiri ...

Cholinga chonse zachilengedwe

Ofunika kwambiri a iwo - kuphunzira zachilengedwe za kaperekedwe ka bungwe lawo. Chotero chigawo monga autecology, bungwe mawonetseredwe zosiyanasiyana za mmene chilengedwe, delimiting iwo pa abiotic, biotic ndi anthu zinthu. Amadziwika kufunika kutentha, zounikira ndi madzi pa moyo wa zomera, nyama ndi anthu. Asayansi komanso kusanthula anatengera, akuwuka mchikakamizo cha kusintha kwa zinthu zonse mwa anthu ndi pa mlingo biogeocoenose.

Synecology, ngati nthambi zina zachilengedwe ano, ikufotokoza ntchito mogwirizana kwa zinthu biogeocoenose pa mlingo wa magulu a zamoyo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo anasonyeza m'njira monga kudalirana parasitism, commensalism, kudalirana. Tikumbukenso kuti zinthu zachilengedwe anaphunzira mlingo zachilengedwe, refracted kudzera njira ya moyo wa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kuti pali kusiyana chachikulu pakati pawo ku Kafukufuku Mwachitsanzo, climatology, nthaka sayansi ndi hydrology.

Population zachilengedwe - kuti tithe kumvetsa kugwira ntchito biocenosis

gawo ili la Science Environmental amaphunzira zimatha zofunika mayunitsi structural zachilengedwe amoyo - anthu. Mfundo imeneyi chimakwirira gulu la zamoyo za mtundu womwewo tikukhala mu malo wamba - malo. chilango Scientific, komanso ena malo ofunika zachilengedwe, categorizes anthu ku mitundu m'deralo, m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso zachilengedwe. Ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane katundu wa amoyo ndi madera monga luso kubereka ndi kusanduka, kusonyeza mitundu yawo - okhazikika ndi wathupi. Chotsiriza mu ndondomeko ya phylogeny akhoza lidzasinthidwa anthu okhazikika kapena inathetsedwa.

Kodi kusiyanitsa pakati pa anthu mitundu

The zomveka kupitiriza makhalidwe phunziro anthu zamoyo ndi synecology. Iye, monga zigawo zina za zachilengedwe ambiri, imaunika ubwenzi dongosolo la zinthu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimene zakhazikitsidwa mu njira ya kusanduka. Amaonetsa utsogoleri wolowezana wa Umodzi zigwirizana milingo wamng'ono. Studies ya zomera, tizilombo, nyama zosiyanasiyana awo achilengedwe imachitika asayansi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo, kukonza iwo mu biocenoses.

Kodi zamoyo azolowere kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe?

Funso limeneli lidzayankhidwa kuganizira nkhani yaikulu chilengedwe, mu amalanga makamaka monga autecology. Ndi iyeyonso ndi postulates angapo, anafotokoza njira ya anatengera, monga mwa chilamulo cha kolowera akadakwanitsira aliyense malire chamoyo a moyo wake chifukwa cha zinthu zonse abiotic (malire otchedwa wololera). Likulu la dera la moyo ndi malo otchedwa akadakwanitsira. osiyanasiyana Izi ndi zabwino kwambiri moyo wa zamoyo.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka lakuthwa chilengedwe sayansi m'pofunika kuzindikira anatengera asilikali akutulukira ku zamoyo chifukwa cha physico-mankhwala ndi nyukiliya kuipitsa biosphere lapansi.

zotsatira anthu pa biogeocoenoses

Iwo comprehensively kuphunzira ndi khalidwe angapo sayansi, monga zigawo Akutsatira Ubale. Monga makampani munthu kukhala ndi zomangamanga, ndi zaulimi. Izo zikusintha nkhope ya zinthu zachilengedwe? Kodi ntchito nanotechnology patsogolo otembenuka nkhope ya dziko lapansi? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa amatithandiza zotsatirazi nkhani zachilengedwe: chiphunzitso cha machitidwe opangidwa, Urban zachilengedwe, Biospherology. zinthu Anthropogenic, komanso mosapita (mwachitsanzo, kuipitsa hydrosphere wa madzi mafakitale ndi zoweta zinyalala, zolusa kudula mitengo, poaching) kapena mozungulira (mwachitsanzo, chilengedwe cha nyanja yokumba - Madamu madzi, yolima dziko, zikubweretsa kukokoloka ndi amenewa nthaka, ngalande achinyontho), kusintha muyezo biosystems zachilengedwe - biocenoses ndipo kuopseza mwachindunji ndi moyo padziko lapansi. The Red Book - ndi chidwi kutsimikizira kwa upandu wa munthu, imbaenda ikutha ndi imfa ya nambala yaikulu mitundu.

Ntchito chiyembekezo Ubale

Izi ndi nthambi wachinyamata wa sayansi, membala wa chigawo zachilengedwe. Gome m'munsimu imalongosola substructure nthambi zake zonse zokhudzana ndi ntchito yaikulu ya anthu ndi ubale ndi chikhalidwe.

Choncho Bioresource ndi zachilengedwe mafakitale amapereka yosalekerera njira yokumba nthaka yazaulimi, nkhalango, nyanja ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zochititsa ena, amene umalimbana asayambe chonde awo ndi wopindula.

Mwachangu kafukufuku Urban zachilengedwe

Kuphunzira m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, kuganizira chilango, wotsegula mavuto chilengedwe m'tauni ndi imbalances okhudzidwa mu chitukuko cha zomangamanga m'tauni ndipo biogeocoenose imene mizinda amapezeka. Kutentha ndi madzi okwanira, sewerage, Intaneti zoyendera malo kutaya zinyalala olimba analenga munthu, kawirikawiri mosatengera chitetezo cha zinthu zachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha nkhalango zachilengedwezi m'minda kutha, kukhala osaya amatunga, kuchepekela chiwerengero cha tizilombo, mbalame ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono topezeka kudera limenelo. Chifukwa, metropolises masiku ano conglomerates yaikulu mkulu-nyamuka anamanga pulasitiki, galasi ndi konkire. Iwo ali kwathunthu mlendo kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kwachilengedwenso.

Urban zachilengedwe akuyesera amavomereza, kuswa kugwira ntchito njira kale anamanga mizinda, komanso amasonyeza zofunikira za namanga midzi yawo yatsopano zosowa za zinthu zilili panopa chachilengedwe: zomera ndi nyama. Science umanenanso zochita anthu ndipo akuchita chikhalidwe nthaka polojekiti, madzi ndi mpweya m'mizinda ikuluikulu.