Ndi zotsalira youma Kodi

The zotsalira youma ndi imodzi mwa muyezo waukulu kwa kudziwa khalidwe la madzi, amene detects mlingo wa mineralization. Kudziwa mtundu wa zotsalira ion mchere madzi ntchito.

bwino Features

Monga ayoni zofunika ndi amene angathe kudziwa zotsalira youma, ndi: sulfates, chlorides, carbonates, ku feteleza, bicarbonates. Pali gawo lawo mu zatsalira organic ndi mchere omwe ali mfundo zosiyanasiyana kuwira. Zolimba akusonyeza pamaso pa madzi kusungunuka mu zolimba sanali oyaka. Pali njira yapadera ya mawerengedwe ake.

Gravimetric njira ya mawerengedwe

Ndi kuti, kufuna kwa zotsalira youma chitsanzo mayeso. Kuti akwanitse kuphunzira zimenezi n'kofunika kuti agwire kusefera wa chitsanzo, kuti kuwasiyanitsa ndi zosafunika organic.

Madzi ntchito pafupifupi nthambi zonse za mafakitale zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, makampani zodzikongoletsera kuti ntchito monga kumwa madzi monga zipangizo kuti intermediates, ngati wothandizira wochapira kulongedza katundu mafakitale.

Kumakhudzana ndi madzi organoleptic katundu wa mankhwala opangidwa pa zomera: bata, kununkhiza, kulawa ndi mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, maonekedwe ndi kukoma mankhwala amagwira zogwirizana ndi mchere zinthu zopezeka madzi. Ngati zotsalira youma chikukhudza sodium kolorayidi, ndiye madzi amapeza ena kukoma mchere.

mchikhalidwe ukhondo

Pali mfundo zina kuti anakumana ndi madzi. Ngati youma zotsalira zili iwo sakukhutitsidwa, zimene zinachitikira zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali yeniyeni thupi ndi mankhwala Laboratories, zomwe zili ndi makina apadera chingwe.

Mu iwo, kachigawo misa otsala youma anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi GOST "madzi Kumwa" 18164-72. Madzi ntchito yopanga pokhapokha kudziletsa udzachitike kugwilizana ake ndi magawo onse khalidwe.

Ngati njira ya kafukufuku zidzawululidwa kusiyana kwa ena zizindikiro, m'pofunika kupeleka lipoti la sanali kugwilizana, zofunika kukonza miyeso.

Njira kwa motsimikiza zotsalira youma

Pali njira zingapo kuti akhoza kudziwa zotsalira youma. Standard ndondomeko zimathandiza kuwonjezera koloko kapena ntchito mchere. Taonani njira zina zonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Mbali yoyamba pali evaporation wa chitsanzo ntchito madzi osamba. chotengera woyamba umene ntchito evaporation, zouma ndi kulemera zonse. Komanso, zadothi udzathiridwa osasankhidwa madzi chidebe. Nditamaliza wa evaporation wa nyemba otsiriza, chikho zouma mu ng'anjo kulemera zonse pa kutentha.

chilinganizo yeniyeni ntchito kudziwa dryness. Iye anati unyinji wa chiwiya chopanda kanthu ndi zolimba, komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti walandiridwa kufufuza.

Ntchito njira zimenezi zimachititsa zotsatira kwambiri. N'chimodzimodzi anafotokoza ndi kuchuluka hygroscopicity, ndi kwa mawu hydrolysis wa mankhwala enaake kashiamu ndi magnesium Kuvuta kufala madzi kashiamu sulphate ndi magnesium.

Kuthetsa ngati vuto ikuchitika kuwonjezera mayeso nyemba carbonate koyera ndi sodium. Pa Kuwonjezera kashiamu ndi magnesium chlorides ndi kusintha awo kwa carbonates anhydrous. Kuchotsa kwathunthu madzi a crystallization imagwiridwa kuumitsa chifukwa zotsalira youma pa kutentha okwera mpaka kufikira kulemera zonse mu ng'anjo analandira.

Njira ntchito koloko njira

chimake Izi kumaphatikizapo kusefera kuyambirira wa madzi ntchito fyuluta pepala. Pambuyo atayanika chitsanzo kwa kulemera zonse chikho muyenera kuika mu madzi osamba. Iwo makamu evaporation zitsanzo madzi anatengedwa kusanthula. Atangomva gawo lotsiriza la madzi umayamba, pipetted mpweya woipa njira. Popeza kuti kulemera kwa koloko anatengedwa amatanthauza kulemera kwa zotsalira louma 2 1, ikuchitika masamu.

Kuiperekeza pamene evaporation zina, m'pofunika kusakaniza chitsanzo, kusokoneza kutumphuka unakhazikitsidwa. Ntchito wosakanizira ndodo galasi. Kenako, osambitsidwa ndi madzi otchezedwa Wand. Ndiye zotsalira chifukwa anauma soda m'chikho anaika mu uvuni, izo anauma pa kutentha pafupifupi 150 madigiri Celsius ndi kulemera zonse.

Avereji nthawi ya nthunzi maola awiri mpaka asanu. Kudziwa kusiyana mu thupi pakati pa capacitance popangidwa ndi koyamba kulemera precipitate makapu ndi koloko. kusiyana Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zotsalira youma zimadziŵika kuchuluka kwa madzi. zotsalira youma anatsimikiza mfundo ndi kulumikiza kanthu chidebe kulemera koloko anawonjezera, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, anasankha kwa kusanthula.

kusanthula izi kwa mfundo za ukhondo wa view kuti n'zotheka kuchita kusintha luso madzi kusanthula ntchito machitidwe kusefera, kuchepetsa mlingo wa mineralization.

Pomaliza

Kulawa ankaona moyenera ngati mchere okwana mu zili madzi ndi 600 mg pa lita. Ngati muli oposa 1 g / l, amaona undrinkable chifukwa ali ndi owawa mchere kukoma.

Ngati inu nthawi zonse ntchito madzi ngati m'thupi zingachititse mavuto aakulu thupi. The galimoto yoyamba nakweza ndi m'mimba chinsinsi ndi matumbo ntchito pa kutentha okwera a thupi ukagwira.