Nekrasov "Sitimayo": chidule cha ndakatulo

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov mwa nthawi yolemba ndakatuloyi yatchuka kale. Masalmo ake "Amene Amakhala Chabwino ku Russia" ndi "The Frost, Red Nose" ankakondedwa ndi anthu. Magazini yakuti "Sovremennik" yofalitsidwa ndi wolemba ndakatuloyi inali yokhudza demokarase. Ndibukuli linagwirizanitsa LN. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev, M.E. Saltkov-Shchedrin, I.A. Goncharov, A.I. Ostrovsky.

Mu 1864 adalenga ndakatulo Nekrasov "Sitima". Chidule cha ntchitoyi chidzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Zochitika zakale pa nthawi yolemba ndakatulo

Kugonjetsa kwa chipani cha Revolutionary Democrats sichinangomva ndi Nekrasov. "Sitimayo" ndi nkhani yochepa ponena za chigawo chochepa pakati pa njala ndi ntchito yowopsya ya anthu onse. Otsutsa anthu, otsutsa a makumi asanu ndi limodzi, amene amatchedwa "chikumbumtima cha anthu": Dobrolyubov ndi Pisarev, adutsa. Ndinapita kufupi ndi Chernyshevsky.

Akuluakulu mu 1861 osakonzeka, mwamsanga anachotsa serfdom. Monga mukudziwira, malo 75% mu serf Russia anali osanamizidwa. Mzinda wamatumba unatsegulidwa kuti ukhale mgwirizano wamagulu. Kugwa kwa minda yopanda ntchito kunayamba. Msika wogwira ntchito unadzaza misala yaikulu ya ntchito yaufulu. Kale alimi ankapita kuntchito iliyonse, pafupifupi chakudya. Mavuto a anthu anali akumwa. Monga chithunzi cha tsogolo la Russia m'nyuzipepala yake Contemporary, Nekrasov amasindikiza ndakatulo yake ya Railroad. Chidule cha izo mwamsanga chinakambidwa zokambirana za anthu onse a ku Russia.

Cholinga cha ndakatulo

Ntchito yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya Nekrasov imayamba tsiku ndi tsiku. Monga ngati mizere yoyamba ya ndakatulo yake inalembedwa mu madzi. Madzulo, "ayezi sali amphamvu," "mtsinjewo ndi wotentha," koma masambawo ndi masamba omwe "sanathe." Kulemba mwachidule nkhani yake Nekrasov. "Sitimayo" imasonyeza zomwe zili ndi chidwi mwa wowerenga pang'onopang'ono.

Mnyamata wamng'ono ali pa mipando ya olumala ya mphunzitsi ndi bambo ake wamkulu anayenda paulendo waulendo. Kwa mwana yemwe anafunsa za amene amamanga, bamboyo amatcha dzina la "womanga": "Awerengere Pyotr Kleinmichel ..." Koma mwana amene anagona pamsewu analota zoona za zomangamanga, monga zosangalatsa. Pokhapokha poopa kufa ndi njala, wina angasankhe pa ntchito yotereyi. Kukhala mu kukumbidwa, kudya mwakachetechete, kuti asakhale ndi mpumulo, kuvutika ndi chimfine ndi dampness, ndipo motero amatha kugwira ntchito maola 12-14. Ntchitoyi inali kugwedeza. Yuda atsogoleri akulemba zolakwika za aliyense. Nthawi ikakwana ya kuwerengera, abwanamkubwa adalengeza za ndalama zomwe zilipo pa aliyense. Kulipira kunakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri omanga amapanga. Ndiye antchito anapatsidwa mbiya ya vinyo, ndipo chifukwa cha kulipira kotero chinachotsedwa pambali. Anthu osakhulupirika anaphedwa akufa. Amene anafa ndi matenda ndi kutopa anaikidwa m'manda kumeneko. Msewuwu, mwinamwake, unamangidwa pa mafupa.

Machitidwe oipa, si choncho, akuika Nekrasov ku khoti la anthu a ku Russia? "Sitimayo" imatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane malingaliro ovomerezeka. Lingaliro lake ndi chikhulupiriro mwa anthu omwe, pambuyo pa zonse, adzapeza cholinga choyenera (adzamanga "msewu waukulu, wowonekera ...). Mwa njirayi, ntchitoyi ndi "kukukuta mano" inakumbukiridwa ndi zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake magazini ya Sovremennik itatsekedwa, kumene idasindikizidwa.

Koma kukumbukira anthu kudakali kukumbukira anthu, pamene anthu oponderezedwa adakalipira ntchito ya Nekrasov "Sitimayo" inamveka yonyada komanso yamunthu. Chidule cha izo chiyenera kuwonedwa ngati kuyesa kwa wolemba kuti "awone kuwala", kugonjetsa "mdima wa pakati pa usiku" wa zomwe zimachitika kawiri.

Kutsiliza

Mbiri yomwe imayimilidwa ndi ndakatulo iyi ndi yowona ndipo imatsimikizira chithunzi choona chakumanga kwa njanji ya Nikolayevskaya. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi zomangidwe zake kunali osakayika mokhulupirika kwa Nicholas Nduna ya Sitima Adjutant General Kleinmikhel Pyotr Andreevich. Mfumuyo inali yonyada ndi omvera ake. Polemekeza ntchito zake, adalembapo ndondomeko ya golidi yomwe imatchulidwa kuti "Yesetsani kuchita zonse." Mmene akugwirira ntchito yomangamanga inali yofulumira, koma nthawi zonse ankayenda ndi anthu ambirimbiri. Anthu adadana kwambiri Kleinmichel. Choncho, mfumu yatsopano Alexander II, yomwe inali pampando wachifumu, inachitiranso changu kuti idzalowe m'malo mwake.