"Ubwana" ndi Maxim Gorky monga buku lachikhalidwe

Ubwana wa Maxim Gorky, mmodzi mwa olemba a ku Russia abwino kwambiri, unachitikira ku Volga, ku Nizhny Novgorod. Nthawi imeneyo dzina lake linali Alyosha Peshkov, zaka zomwe akhala m'nyumba ya agogo aakazi zinali zodzaza ndi zochitika zomwe sizinali zosangalatsa nthawi zonse, zomwe zinathandiza olemba mbiri ya Soviet ndi olemba mabuku kulemba malingaliro awa ngati umboni wotsutsa wa kuipa kwa chigwirizano.

Kukumbukira za ubwana wa munthu wokhwima

Mu 1913, pokhala munthu wachikulire (ndipo anali kale zaka makumi anayi ndi zisanu), wolembayo ankafuna kukumbukira momwe ubwana wake unaliri. Maxim Gorky, panthawiyo anali wolemba mabuku atatu, mabuku asanu, khumi ndi awiri komanso nkhani zabwino zambiri, owerenga amawakonda. Ubale wake ndi akuluakulu anali ovuta. Mu 1902 anali membala wolemekezeka wa Imperial Academy of Sciences, koma pasanapite nthawi anachotsapo mutuwu pofuna kulimbikitsa ziwawa. Mu 1905, mlembiyo adalumikizana ndi RSDLP, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti potsirizira pake amapanga njira yophunzirira anthu ake.

Kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira, chiwerengero chodziwika bwino cha anthu chinayamba, chomwe Maxim Gorky anachilemba. "Ubwana" ndi nkhani yoyamba. Mizere yake yoyamba yomweyo inakhazikitsa mfundo yakuti siinalembedwe kwa anthu, njala ya zosangalatsa. Zimayamba ndi zowawa za maliro a atate ake, zomwe mnyamatayo anakumbukira zonsezi, mpaka atatsekedwa ndi ndalama zamakina zisanu. Ngakhale kuti kulimbika ndi chidziwitso cha malingaliro aunyamata, malongosoledwewo ali opambana, chithunzichi ndi chowonekera komanso chofotokozera.

Chiwembu chodziwika bwino

Bambo ake atamwalira, mayiyo amatenga anawo n'kukawatenga pamtsinje wa Astrakhan kupita ku Nizhny Novgorod, kwa agogo ake. Mwanayo, m'bale wake wa Alyosha, akufa panjira.

Awalandire poyamba, mwachikondi, zokondweretsa za mutu wa banja "E, inu-n-ndi!" Perekani mkangano wakale umene unadza chifukwa cha ukwati wosayenera wa mwanayo. Agogo a Kashirin ndi wazamalonda, ali ndi bizinesi yake, akugwira nsalu zojambula. Fungo losasangalatsa, phokoso, mawu osazolowereka "vitriol", "fuchsin" amakwiyitsa mwanayo. Ubwana wa Maxim Gorky unachitika mu chisokonezochi, amalume ake anali amwano, achiwawa ndipo, mwachiwonekere, anali opusa, ndipo agogo aamuna anali ndi zizolowezi zonse za wozunzika. Koma zovuta zonse, tanthawuzo la "zonyansa zamtsogolomu," linali patsogolo.

Anthu

Zambiri zapakhomo ndi maubwenzi osiyanasiyana pakati pa owerenga omwe amakondwera kwambiri ndi owerenga omwe anatenga gawo loyamba la trilogy, lolembedwa ndi Maxim Gorky, "Childhood". Anthu otchulidwa m'nkhaniyi amalankhula momveka bwino kuti mawu awo akugwedezeka kwinakwake, motero munthu aliyense ndi momwe amalankhulira. Agogo aakazi, omwe ali ndi mphamvu pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa umunthu wa mlembi wamtsogolo sangakhale okhwima kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zabwino zokoma mtima, panthawi imodzimodzi, abale ozunza, ogwidwa ndi umbombo, amachititsa manyazi.

Ntchito Yabwino, yomasuka ndi mnzako, anali munthu wodabwitsa, koma pa nthawi yomweyi, mwachiwonekere, anali ndi nzeru zodabwitsa. Ndi iye yemwe anaphunzitsa Alyosha wamng'ono kuti afotokoze lingaliro molondola ndi momveka, zomwe mosakayikira zinakhudza kukula kwa luso lalemba. Ivan Tsyganok, mwana wazaka 17 yemwe anakhazikitsidwa m'banja, anali wokoma mtima kwambiri, omwe nthawi zina ankawonekera m'njira zina. Kotero, kupita ku msika wogulitsa, iye nthawizonse ankagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa kuposa momwe ankaganizira, ndipo anapereka kusiyana kwa agogo ake, akuyesera kumusangalatsa. Pamene zinatuluka, kuti apulumutse, anali kuba. Kuchita khama kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuti asanamwalire.

Padzakhala chiyamiko chokha ...

Kuwerenga nkhani yakuti "Ubwana" Maxim Gorky, n'zovuta kuti musamvetse chiyamiko choyamikira chimene mlembiyo adawona kwa anthu omwe adamuzungulira zaka zoyambirira. Chimene adalandira kuchokera kwa iwo chinapangitsa moyo wake kukhala wopindulitsa, umene iye mwiniyo anafanizira ndi mng'oma wodzazidwa ndi uchi. Ndipo palibe chimene chimakondweretsa nthawi zina chinali chowawa, koma chowoneka choyera. Kuchokera kwa agogo aamanyazi kunyumba "mwa anthu", adapindula mokwanira ndi zochitika pamoyo, kuti asawonongeke, kuti asawonongeke m'dziko lovuta kwambiri.

Nkhaniyo inakhala yosatha. Monga nthawi yasonyezera, mgwirizano pakati pa anthu, nthawi zambiri ngakhale wogwirizanitsa ndi maubwenzi amagazi, ndi khalidwe nthawi zonse ndi machitidwe a chikhalidwe.